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NEW SERIES OF LATIN SCHOOL BOOKS. 



CROCKER & BREWSTER, 

No. 47 WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON, 

Publish the following Books, which constitute a regular series of 
elementary Latin works designed for the use of Schools : — 

Latin Grammar. A Grammar of the Latin Language, 
for the Use of Schools and Colleges. By Professor E. A. 
! Andrews and Professor S. Stoddard. 

This Grammar has been adopted in most of the schools and colleges 
this country. It is distinguished for its copiousness, its philosophical 
rangement, and the scientific precision of its rules and definitions. 

The following works have been prepared by Professor Andrews, for 

e purpose of completing the series, of which the Grammar of Andrews 

id Stoddard is the basis : — 

tnestions on the Grammar. Questions on 

Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar. 

This little volume is intended to aid the student in examining himself 
regard to the preparation of his lessons, and the teacher in conducting 
3 recitations. 

<atin Lessons. First Lessons in Latin, or an Intro- 
duction to Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar. 
This volume is designed for the younger classes of Latin students, to 
horn the larger Grammar might, at first, appear too formidable, and for 
1 who, at any period of life, may wish to acquire an accurate knowledge 
? the first principles of the language. The work is complete in itself, 
mtaining the prominent rules and principles of the Grammar, with easy 
jading and writing lessons, serving to illustrate those principles. It is 
so furnished with numerous grammatical references, and a dictionary 
F the Latin words and phrases occurring in the lessons. 

jatlll Reader. The First Part of Jacobs and Boring's 
Latin Reader, with a Dictionary and Notes; adapted to 
Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar. 

The plan of this edition of the Latin Reader, which was in a great 
egree new, has been so highly approved, as to lead to its introduction, 
rith suitable modifications, into all the subsequent volumes of the series, 
nstead of the grammatical notes usually found in works of this kind, 
umerous references are every where made to those principles of the 
irammar which serve to explain the peculiarities of form or construction 
7hich occur in the lessons. The application of these principles is gen- 
rally left to the sagacity of the student, and by this means a wholesome 
xercise of his faculties is fully secured. 

Latin Exercises \ adapted to^ Andrews and Stoddard's 

Latin Grammar. 

The exercises contained in this volume are designed to illustrate the 
principles of the Latin Grammar in its various departments, and to render 
heir application easy and familiar to the student. The plan and arrange- 

1 



New Series of Latin School Books. 

ment of the work are such, that, under the direction of a judicious 
teacher, the student may commence the use of it almost as soon as he 
takes up his grammar, and continue it, at least as an occasional exercise, 
until he has. finished his preparatory course. It is intended to smooth 
his way to original composition in the Latin language, both in prose and 
in verse. 

A Key to tat in Exercises ; adapted to Andrews and 

Stoddard's Latin Grammar. 

This Key, containing all the lessons in the Exercises fully corrected, 
k intended for the use of teachers only. 

Viri RoioaB. The Viri Romae of Lhomond, adapted to 
Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar ; with Notes and a 
copious Dictionary. 

A careful perusal of this book, after the student has made himself 
master of the Reader, will constitute a good preparation for reading the 
easier Latin classics, which, without some such intermediate work, are 
commonly read under great disadvantages. It will at the same time ren- 
der him familiar with the principal characters and most prominent events 
of Roman history. 

Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War; with a 

Dictionary and Notes. 

The text of this edition of Caesar's Gallic War has been formed by 
reference to the best modern German editions. The Notes are principally 
grammatical, and are intended to afford that kind and degree of assistance 
which the student may be supposed to need at his first introduction to a 
genuine classic author. The Dictionary, which, like all the others in the 
series, has been prepared with great labor, contains not only the usual 
significations of each word, and its derivation, but an explanation of all 
those phrases which might otherwise perplex the student. 

Sallust. Sallust's History of the War against Jugurtha, 
and of the Conspiracy of Catiline ; with a Dictionary and 
Notes. 

The plan of this edition of Sallust is the same as that of the preceding 
Work. The text of Cortius has, in many instances, been exchanged for 
that of Kritz or Gerlach, and its orthography is, in general, conformed to 
that of Pottier and of Planche, and is, consequently, in most cases, the 
same as is found in school editions of the other Latin classics. 

Ovid. Selections from the Metamorphoses and Heroides 
of Ovid ; with Notes, Grammatical References, and Exer- 
cises in Scanning. 

These Selections are designed as an introduction to Latin poetry. 
They consist of the most interesting fables from Ovid, with numerous 
brief notes explanatory of difficult phrases, of obscure historical or mytho- 
logical allusions, and especially of grammatical difficulties. To these are 
added such Exercises in Scanning as will serve fully to introduce the 
student to a knowledge of the structure and laws of hexameter and 
pentameter verse. 

9. 



New Series of Latin School Books. 

Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar has long since been intro- 
duced into the Latin School of the City of Boston, and into most 
of the other principal Classical Schools in this country. It is adopted by 
all the Colleges in New England, viz., Harvard, Yale, Dartmouth, 
Amherst, Williams, Bowdoin, Waterville, Middlebury, Burling- 
ton, Brown University at Providence, Wesleyan University at Mid- 
dletown,and Washington College at Hartford; also at Hamilton Col- 
lege, New York, New York University, city of New York, Cincinnati 
College and Marietta College, Ohio, Randolph Macon College, 
Virginia, Mount Hope College, near Baltimore, Maryland Institute 
of Instruction and St. Mary's College, Baltimore, and the Univer- 
sities of Michigan and Alabama ; and has been highly recommended 
by Professors Kingsley, Woolsey, Olmstead, and Gibbs, of Yale College; 
Professor Beck, of Harvard College ; President Penney and Professor North, 
of Hamilton College; Professor Packard, of Bowdoin College; Professor 
Holland, of Washington College ; Professor Fisk, of Amherst College, and 
by Professor Hackett, of Brown University; — also by Messrs. Dillaway 
and Gardner, of the Boston Latin School ; Rev. Lyman Colman, of the 
English High School, Andover; Hon. John Hall, Principal of the Elling- 
ton School, Conn. ; Mr. Shaler, Principal of the Connecticut Literary 
Institution, at SufneLd ; Simeon part, Esq., Farmington, Conn. ; Pro- 
fessor Cogswell, of Round Hill School, Northampton ; President Shan- 
non, of Louisiana College, and by various periodicals. 

As a specimen of the communications received from the above sources, 
the following extracts are given : — 

It gives me great pleasure to bear my testimony to the superior merits of the 
Latin Grammar lately edited by Professor Andrews and Mr. Stoddard. 1 express 
most cheerfully, unhesitatingly, and decidedly, my preference of this Grammar 
to that of Adam, which has, for so long a time, kept almost undisputed sway 
in our schools. — Dr. C. Beck, Professor of Latin in Harvard University. 

I know of no grammar published in this country, which promises to answer so 
well the purposes of elementary classical instruction, and shall be glad to see it 
introduced into our best schools. — Mr. Charles K. Dillaway, Master of the 
Public Latin School, Boston. 

Your new Latin Grammar appears to me much better suited to the use of 
students than any other grammar I am acquainted with. — Professor William 
M. Holland, Washington College, Hartford, Conn. 

I can with much pleasure say that your Grammar seems to me much better 
adapted to the present condition and wants of our schools than any one with which 
I am acquainted, and to supply that which has long been wanted — a good Latin 
grammar for common use. — Mr. F. Gardner, one of the Masters Boston Lot. Sch. 

The Latin Grammar of Andrews and Stoddard is deserving, in my opinion, of 
the approbation which so many of our ablest teachers have bestowed upon it. 
It is believed that, of all the grammars at present before the public, this has 
greatly the advantage, in regard both to the excellence of its arrangement, and 
the accuracy and copiousness of its information ; and it is earnestly hoped that 
its merits will procure for it that general favor and use to which it is entitled- 
— H. B. Hackett, Professor of Biblical Ldrerature in Newton TJieol. Sem. 

The universal favor with which this Grammar is received was not unexpected. 
It will bear a thorough and discriminating examination. In the use of w r ell- 
defmed and expressive terms, especially in the syntax, we know of no Latin or 
Greek grammar which is to be compared to this. — Amer. Quarterly Register. 

The Latin Grammar of Andrews and Stoddard I consider a work of great 
merit. I have found in it several principles of the Latin language correctly ex- 
plained which I had myself learned from a twenty years' study of that language, 
but had never seen illustrated in anv grammar. Andrews's First Lesions I con- 

3 



New Series of Latin School Books. 

sider a valuable work for beginners, and in the sphere which it is designed to 
occupy, I know not that I have met its equal. — Rev. James Shannon, President 
of College of Louisiana. 

These works will furnish a series of elementary publications for the study of 
Latin altogether in advance of any thing which has hitherto appeared, either in 
this country or in England. — American Biblical Repository. 

We have made Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar the subject both of 
reference and recitation daily for several months, and I cheerfully and decidedly 
bear testimony to its superior excellence to any manual of the kind with which 
I am acquainted. Every part bears the impress of a careful compiler. -The 
principles of syntax are happily developed in the rules, whilst those relating to 
the moods and tenses supply an important deficiency in our former grammars. 
The rules of prosody are also clearly and fully exhibited. — Rev. Lyman Cole- 
man, Principal of Burr Seminary, Manchester, Vt. 

1 have examined Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar, and regard it as 
superior to any thing of the kind now in use. It is what has long been needed, 
and will undoubtedly be welcomed by every one interested in the philology of 
the Latin language. We shall hereafter use it as a text-book in this institution. 
— Mr. Wm. H. Shaler, Principal of the Connecticut Lit. Institution at Suffield. 

This work bears evident marks of great care and skill, and ripe and accurate 
scholarship in the authors. It excels most grammars in this particular, that, 
while by its plainness it is suited to the necessities of most beginners, by its 
fulness and detail it will satisfy the inquiries of the advanced scholar, and will 
be a suitable companion at all stages of his progress. We cordially commend 
it to the student and teacher. — Biblical Repository. 

Your Grammar is what I expected it would be — an excellent book, and just the 
thing which was needed. We cannot hesitate a moment in laying aside the 
books now in use, and introducing this. — Rev. J. Penney, D. D., President of 
Hamilton College, New York. 

Your Grammar bears throughout evidence of original and thorough investiga- 
tion and sound criticism. I hope, and doubt not, it will be adopted in our schools 
and colleges, it being, in my apprehension, so far as simplicity is concerned, on 
the one hand, and philosophical views and sound scholarship on the other, far 
preferable to other grammars ; a work at the same time highly creditable to your- 
selves and to our country. — Professor A. Packard, Bowdoin College, Maine. 

This Grammar appears to me to be accommodated alike to the wants of the 
new beginner and the experienced scholar, and, as such, well fitted to supply 
what has long been felt to be a great desideratum in the department of classical 
learning. — Professor S. North, Hamilton College, New York. 

From such an examination of this Grammar as 1 have been able to give it, 1 
do not hesitate to pronounce it superior to any other with which I am acquainted. 
1 have never seen, any where, a greater amount of valuable matter eompressed 
within limits equally narrow. — Hon. John Hall, Prin. of Ellington School, Conn. 

We have no hesitation in pronouncing this Grammar decidedly superior to 
any now in use. — Boston Recorder. 

1 am ready to express my great satisfaction with your Grammar, and do not 
hesitate to say, that 1 am better pleased with such portions of the syntax as 1 
have perused, than with the corresponding portions in any other grammar with 
which I am acquainted. — Professor N. W. Fiske, Amherst College, Mass. 

I know of no grammar in the Latin language so well adapted to answer the 
purpose for which it was designed as this. The book of Questions is a valuable 
attendant of the Grammar. — Simeon Hart, Esq., Farmington, Conn. 

This Grammar has received the labor of years, and is the result of much re- 
flection and experience, and mature scholarship. As such, it claims the atten- 
tion of all who are interested in the promotion of sound learning. — N. Y. Obs. 

This Grammar is an original work. Its arrangement is philosophical, and its 
rules clear and precise, beyond those of any other grammar we have seen.— 
Portland Christian Mirror. 

4 



THE 



FIRST PART 



JACOBS AND DORING'S 



LATIN READER 



ADAPTED TO 



ANDREWS AND STODDARD'S 



LATIN GRAMMAR. 



ANDREWS' FIRST LATIN BOOK. 



E. A. ANDREWS, LL. D. 



I Fifteenth Edition. 

BOSTON: 




PUBLISHED BY CROCKER AND BREWSTER, 

HINGTON 5 

18 4 9. 



47 Washington Street. 



-?v^ 



*$ 



.*>* 



\ 



Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1849, 

BY CROCKER AND BREWSTER, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Conrt of Massachusetts. 



STEREOTYPED AT THE 
BOSTON TYPE AND STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY. 



PREFACE. 



The Latin Reader, a new edition of which is here pre- 
sented to the public, was originally prepared by its present 
editor, as the first of a series of elementary works adapted 
to the Grammar of Andrews and Stoddard. This series 
now comprises, in addition to the Grammar above men- 
tioned, Questions on the Grammar, Latin Lessons, The 
Latin Reader, Latin Exercises, A Key to Latin Exercises, 
Viri Romae, Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War, 
Sallust, and Selections from Ovid. In the present edition, 
the adaptation of this work to the Grammar, and to its 
place in the series above enumerated, remains unaltered; 
but, in addition to its original design, the Reader is now 
intended to constitute the second part of a less extended 
series, comprising the editor's First Latin Book, the Latin 
Reader, and the Viri Romae. The latter series is designed 
especially for those who commence the study of Latin at a 
very early age, and also for such as intend to pursue the 
same study to a limited extent only, or merely as a part of 
general education. 

The references at the foot of the pages relate to the 
sections and subordinate divisions of Andrews and Stod- 
dard's Latin Grammar. The references to Andrews' First 
Latin Book may be found at the close of the volume. The 
marks of reference in the text refer both to the notes at the 
foot of the page and to those at the end of the book. In 
the latter series, indeed, other notes are occasionally added, 
and their place is denoted by quoting the words of the text 
to which such notes relate. 



4 PREFACE. 

The following extracts from the preface to the first edi- 
tion will sufficiently explain the manner in which the 
Reader was originally prepared by its present editor. 

Three things were found to claim particular attention, in 
preparing a new edition of this work. The first was the ar- 
rangement of the Introductory Lessons, so as best to illus- 
trate the principles of the Grammar, to which they were to 
be adapted. The second was to furnish such grammatical 
notes and references as should be necessary, in order to 
explain the more difficult forms and constructions occur- 
ring in the work. The third was the preparation of a 
vocabulary more perfectly adapted, than those usually 
found in introductory works, to the purpose for which it 
was intended. 

To accomplish the first purpose, it was found necessary 
to make a few additions to the original work, with the in- 
tention of illustrating more fully the principal rules of Latin 
construction. That the object of the Introductory Lessons 
may be better understood, and the place which each lesson 
occupies in syntax more fully apprehended, each section 
is prefaced by a series of questions relating to those parts 
of the Grammar intended to be illustrated. 

In the notes appended to this edition, the editor has 
carried into effect a design, which he had long since 
formed, of explaining the idioms of the language, in intro- 
ductory works, by references to the Grammar, rather than 
by remarks couched in different language from that with 
which the student is already, in some degree, familiar. 
He has hoped, by this means, to aid the student in forming 
a clear, connected, and consistent view of the idiomatic 
peculiarities of the language, and a habit of referring every 
difficulty, whether in form or construction, to its appropriate 
place in the Grammar. It is a matter of common observa- 
tion, that, to most students, the philological notes usually 



PREFACE. O 

found in elementary works are in a great degree lost, in 
consequence of their connection with the grammar not 
being sufficiently evident. This evil cannot, indeed, be 
avoided, while the grammar with which the student is 
furnished does not fully explain the idioms of the language. 
While referring to the Grammar, the editor has endeavored 
to keep in view the fundamental principle of education, that 
the only efficient help which the student can receive, is that 
which leads him ultimately to exercise his own faculties. 
While, therefore, the less prominent difficulties are usually 
explained upon their first occurrence, the student is after- 
wards, in most cases, left to perceive the additional instances 
in which the same principle is to be applied. In cases of 
greater difficulty, however, reference is repeatedly made to 
the same principle ; and this is more particularly the case in 
regard to idioms which are either imperfectly exhibited, or 
altogether overlooked, in the grammars heretofore in com- 
mon use. It is not improbable that, to some teachers, the 
references may appear too numerous, while, to others, the 
unexplained difficulties may still seem too formidable for a 
majority of those for whose use the work is intended. No 
plan of assistance can be equally well adapted to all students ; 
but the hope is entertained, that a system which sends them 
back to their Grammar for information, will be liable to as 
few objections and abuses as any which can be devised. 

The preparation of the vocabulary has occasioned more 
labor than any other part of the Reader; and, in its present 
form, I trust that it will be found better adapted to its pur- 
pose than such vocabularies usually are. The meanings 
assigned to the words have been selected with careful 
reference to all the places where those words occur in the 
Reader. In this part, more than in any other, the former 
editions of this work were defective, and that in a degree 
that would scarcely be suspected by one who had not ex- 
amined them in reference to this subject. 



6 



PREFACE. 



The participles occurring in the Reader may generally 
be found in the vocabulary ; but in some cases, and especial- 
ly when regularly formed from verbs of the first conjugation, 
they have been intentionally omitted, since their formation 
is as easy as that of any other part of the verb. The defi- 
nitions of the participles have, in general, been omitted, 
except in cases in which their meaning cannot be easily 
inferred from that of their verbs. The formation of the 
passive voice is seldom given, since its omission can occa- 
sion no embarrassment to one who is moderately acquainted 
with the paradigms of the Grammar. On the other hand, 
the oblique cases of nouns and pronouns, and the perfect 
tenses of verbs, when peculiarly irregular, are inserted in 
their alphabetical order, with a reference to the words from 
which they are derived. The derivation of words, except 
when they immediately follow their primitives, is, in general, 
given in the vocabulary. The quantity of the penult, in 
all words of more than two syllables, when not determined 
by general rules, is marked throughout this volume, as well 
as in the Grammar to which it refers, in the hope that early 
habits of incorrect pronunciation may, by this means, be in 
a great measure prevented. 

The references, at the foot of the pages, relate to the 
sections and subdivisions of Andrews and Stoddard's Latin 
Grammar. 

E. A. ANDREWS. 

New Britain, Sept, 1849. 



INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 



SIMPLE SENTENCES. 

OUtfJECT-NoMINATIVE AND VERB. 

What is the rule for the agreement of a verb ? Gram. § 209. 
Of what does a sentence consist ? § 203, 1. What is a simple 
sentence ? § 203, 1. Of what does a proposition consist ? § 200. 
What is the subject of a proposition ? § 200. What is the predi- 
cate ? § 200. What is the grammatical subject ? § 201, 1. What 
is the grammatical predicate ? § 202, 1. Define moods. § 143. 
Define the indicative mood. § 143, 1. Define the active voice. 
§ 141, I. 1. Give the personal terminations of the active voice. 
§ 147, 3. What is the connecting vowel of a verb ? § 150, 5. 
How does the present tense represent an action ? § 145, 1. What 
are the terminations of the active voice, indicative mood, present 
tense, in each conjugation ? § 152. 

Ego amo. Tu mones. Rex a regit. Nos audimus. 
Vos videtis. Pueri h ludunt. 

Why are the nominatives ego, tu, nos> and vos, usually omitted ? 
§ 209, R. 1. 

Audio. Amas. Aves c volant. Scribimus. Vocatis 
Reges* regunt. 

Voco. Jubes. Musa d canit. Rusticus 6 arat. Au- 
ditis. Pueri legunt. Crescit arbor. 

•§§28 and 78. >§§28and46. e §§62and74. * § 29 



8 



INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 



Speramus. Praeceptor" docet. Labor 6 vincit. Fata' 
vocant. Maims d tangunt. Sol lucet. 

Tempus* fugit. Venit hiems/ Mors 7 venit. Latrant 



How does the imperfect tense represent an action? § 145, II. 
What are the terminations of the active voice, indicative mood, 
imperfect tense, in each conjugation ? § 152. 

Eram.' Ambulabas. Silva' stabat. Monebamus. 
Dormiebatis. Fulgebant stellae/ 

What does the future tense denote ? § 145, III. What are the 
terminations of the active voice, indicative mood, future tense, in 
each conjugation ? § 152. 

Videbo. Audies. Deus dabit. Uret ignis.* Crescent 
arbores.* Tempora venient. 

How does the perfect tense represent an action ? § 145, IV. 
What are the terminations of the active voice, indicative mood, 
perfect tense ? § 152. 

Veni, vidi, vici. Fuisti.* Fortuna dedit. Cecinit 
avis. Cepimus. Audivistis." 1 Hostes ff fugerunt. 

How does the pluperfect tense represent an action ? § 145, V. 
What are the terminations of the active voice, indicative mood, 
pluperfect tense ? § 152. 

Fugerat umbra. Dixeras. Hannibal juraverat.™ Cep- 
eratis. Pueri legerant. 

What does the future perfect tense denote ? § 145, VI. What 
are the terminations of the active voice, indicative mood, future 
perfect tense ? § 152. 

• § § 28 and 70. * § § 66 and 76. * § § 62 and 73. * § § 63 and 74. 

• § § 58 and 70. f § \ 62 and 77. ■ § 153. l § § 61 and 70. 

• § 46. * § § 30 and 74. i § 41. w § 150, 3 

«* § § 87 and 88. 



INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. VI 

Risero. Videris. Venerit hora. Pomum ceciderit. 
Ambulaverimus. Canes cucurrerint. 

Define the subjunctive mood. § 143, 2. What are the termina- 
tions of the active voice, subjunctive mood, present tense, in each 
conjugation? § 152. 

Lab5ret manus. Faveat Fortuna. Sol* fulgeat. Ve- 
niat tempus. Canamus. Capiatis. Arbores cadant. 

What are the terminations of the active voice, subjunctive 
mood, imperfect tense, in each conjugation ? § 152. 

Philomela cantaret. Pomum penderet. Luna micaret. 
Essetis. Vellemus. 6 Troja c staret. 

What are the terminations of the active voice, subjunctive 
mood, perfect tense ? § 152. 

Amaverim. Docueris. Oculus* viderit. Latraverint 
canes. Arbores creverint. 

What are the terminations of the active voice, subjunctive 
mood, pluperfect tense ? § 152. 

Fuissem/ Potuisses/ Miles pugnavisset. Lepores 
cucurrissent. Canes momordissent. 

Define the imperative mood. § 143, 3. 

Surge/ Legito/ Studete. Disce. Dicite. Equus 
currito. Facit5te/ Pueri scribunto/ 

Define the passive voice. § 141, I. 2. What is frequently 
omitted or left indefinite in the active voice ? What in the 
passive voice ? § 141, R. What are the terminations of the 
passive voice, indicative mood, present tense, in each conjugation ? 
§ 152. 

• § § 66, E. and 70. e § 29, 2. • § 153. * § 267 

* § 178, 1. * § 46. / § 154, 6. 



10 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES* 

Amor. Moneris. Vox a auditur. Laudamur. Au- 
dimini. Tempora mutantur. 

Doceris. Vincitur hostis. Flos 6 carpitur. Fabula' 
narrator. Carmina d leguntur. 

What are the terminations of the passive voice, indicative mood, 
imperfect tense, in each conjugation ? § 152. 

Aqua c fundebatur. Oppidum' defendebatur. Pande- 
bantur portae. Saxa c volvebantur. Bella parabantur. 

What are the terminations of the passive voice, indicative mood, 
future tense, in each conjugation ? § 152. 

Domus 7 aedificabitur. Narrabuntur fabulae. Epistola' 
mittetur. Culpabimini. 

What are the terminations of the passive voice, indicative mood, 
perfect tense ? — pluperfect tense ? — future perfect tense ? § 152. 

Auditus es. Naves mersae sunt. Datae sunt leges.* 
Sparsa erant folia/ Hostes victi erant. Missi erimus. 

What are the terminations of the passive voice, subjunctive 
mood, present tense ? — imperfect tense ? — perfect tense ? — plu- 
perfect tense ? § 152. 

Praemia dentur. Panis ematur. Premeretur caseus. 
Veherer. Tegeretur caput. Victus sit miles. Hostes 
capti essent. 

What are the terminations of the passive voice, imperative 
mood ? § 152. 

Laudator^ industria. Puniuntor fiires. 
Oves non ubique tondentur. Aliter psittacus loquitur, 
aliter homo/ Oculi saepe mentiuntur. 

• § § 62 and 78. «* §§ 66 and 71. * § 267. 

*§§58and75. * § 46. * §§ 31 and 69, E. 2 

c § 41. / §§ 88 and 89. 



introductory exercises. 11 

Predicate-Nominative. 

What is the rule for the predicate-nominative ? § 210. 

Eur5pa est peninsula. 
Ossa* ejus 6 lapis fiunt. 
Ego poeta c salutor. 
Inertia est vitium. 
Homo sum. 
Ebrietas d est insania. 
Dux 9 electus est Q. Fabius. 

Agreement of Adjectives. 

What is the rule for the agreement of adjectives ? § 205 
What is the logical subject of a proposition ? § 201, I. What is 
the logical predicate ? § 202, L 

Fugaces-' labuntur anni. 
Fugit irreparabile tempus. 
Venit glacialis hiems/ 
Silva vetus* stabat. 
Culpa tua 1 est. 
Dira parantur bella. 
NuhV mora est. 
Brevis est voluptas.* 
Parvae res crescunt. 
Brevis est via. 
Terra est rotunda. 
Vera amicitia est sempiterna. 



a §§ 61. and 75, E. 1. 


• § § 30 and 78. 


* § 139. 


* § 211. 


/ § § 112 and 78. 


f § 107 


e §28. 


*§§ 62 and 77. 




* §§62 and 72. 


* § 1)3. 





12 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 

Fames et sitis sunt* molestae. 4 
Plurimae* stellae sunt soles. 
Ebrietas est vitanda/ 
Nemo semper 6 felix est. 
Non* omnes milites-^ sunt fortes. 
Maximum c animal g terrestre est elephas.* 
Fortes* laudabuntur, ignavi* vituperabuntur. 
Ursi interdum bipedes y ingrediuntur. 
Aquilae semper solae praedantur. 
Bonus* laudatur, improbus vituperatur. 
Omnes moriemur/ alii l citius,™ alii serius."* 
A varus nunquam erit contentus. 

The Accusative after Active Verbs. 

What is the rule for the object of an active verb ? § 229, 

Diem* perdidi. 

Terra parit flores. 

Crocodnus ova parit. 

Elephantus odit p murem q et suem. r 

Cameli diu sitim' tolerant. 

Accipitres' non edunt corda u avium. 

Lanae nigrae nullum 1 color em bibunt. 

Senes* minlme 771 sentiunt morbos contagiosos. 

Cervi cornua sua w quotannis amittunt. 



a § 209, R. 12. 


4 § 205, R. 7, 


(10 


* § § 67, E. and 76, E. 3 


» § 205, R. 2. 


i § 210. R. 3, 


(2.) 


r § § 30, and 76, E. 3. 


• § 125, 5. 


* § 209, R. 1 




* § 79, 2. 


* § 274, R. 8. 


1 § 107. 




« §§ 58 and 71. 


* § 277. 


m § 194. 




tt §§61and71. 


/ § 73. 


w § 90, E. 




• § 78, E. 2. 


* § § 66 and 70. 


°§ 46. 




"§ 208 



* § § 62, E. 1, and 72, E. 2. * § 183, 3, N. 



INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 13 

Ceres" frumentum invenit; Bacchus vinum; h Mercu- 
rius litter as. b 

Canes soli c dominos suos d bene* novere/ soli nomina* 
sua d agnoscunt. 

Hystrix aculeos longe' jaculatur. 

Sturni 71 et psittaci humanas voces 1 imitantur. 

Miltiades Athenas j totamque Grceciam liberavit. 

Apposition. 

What is the rule for words in apposition ? § 204. 

Plurimi* Scythae, bellicosissimi 1 homines, lacte m vescuntur. 

Delphinus, am?nal n hommi aniicum, cantu^ gaudet. 

Carthago 9 atque Corinthus/ opulentissimce 1 urbes, r eo- 
dem anno 8 a Romanis' eversae sunt. 

Quam brevi" tempore * populi Romani, omnium gen- 
tium * victoris, libertas fracta est ! 

Mithridatem, Ponti regem, Tigranes, rex Annenius, 
excepit. 

Genitive after Nouns. 

What is the rule for the genitive after nouns? § 211. 

Crescit amor nummi. 

Honos est premium" virtutis. 



a § 73, E. 3. 


* § § 62 and 78. 


* § 29, 2. 


h § 229, R. 3, 1. 


i § 96. 


r § § 62 and 77. 


c § 107. 


* § 125, 5. 


• § 253. 


d § 208. 


1 § 124. 


« § 248, 1. 


• § 192, II. 1. 


m § 245, 1. 


tf § 113. 


/ § 183, 3, N. 


n § § 66 and 70. 


• § 83, 3. 


* §§ 66 and 71. 


§ 222. 


w § 210 


* § 46. 


* § 245, II 




2 







14 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 

Sol est lux mundi. 
Semiramis erat Nini uxor. 
Infinita est multitudo" morborum. 
Litterarum usus est antiquissimus. 
Asia et Africa greges ferorum asinorum alit.* 
Magna est linguarum inter * homines varietas. 
Canis vestigia ferarum diligentissime scrutatur. 
Nemo non c benignus est sui judex. 
Leonum animi index d « cauda.* 

Genitive after Adjectives. 

What is the rule for the genitive after adjectives ? § 213. — 
after partitives ? § 212. 

Semper fragilitatis humance sis-^ memor. 
Elephanti frigaris* impatientes sunt. 
Stultissima* animalium h sunt lanata. 
Velocissimum* omnium animalium est delphlnus. 
Neque stultorum quisquam* beatus, neque sapientium 
non beatus. 

Gallorum omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae. 

Dative. 

What is the rule for the dative after verbs ? § 223. — after 
adjectives? §222. 

Arma- / fecit Vulcanus Achilli. 

Redditur terra corpus. 

Oves nobis suam* lanam prsebent. 



§§ 59, 2, and 69, E. 1. 


• § 209, R. 4. 


* § 205, R. 12 


i 209, R. 12, (2.) 


/ § 260, R. 6. 


J §96. 


§ 277, R. 4. 


*§§ 66 and 76. 


* § 208. 


«§210 


* § 83, 1. 


1 § 235 



INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 15 

Tristitiara et metum* tradam ventis. 
Natura animatibus varia tegumenta* tribuit, testas, coria, 
spinas, villos, setas, pennas, squamam. 

Homini soli 6 avaritia et ambitio d data est.' 

Inter omnes bestias 7 simia homini simillima s est. 

Leoni h vis 1 summa est in pectore. 

Antiquissimis j hominibus h specus erant pro domibus.* 

Gallinacei leonibus 1 terrori 1 sunt. 

Homo fiiriosus ne m liberis quidem m suis parcit. 

Grata* 1 mihi tua epistola fuit. 

Accusative after Prepositions. 

What is a preposition ? § 195. What is the rule for the accu- 
sative after prepositions ? § 235. 

Ad Jinem propero. 

Apud Romanos mortui* plerumque cremabantur. 

Cullces^ acida ? petunt ; ad dulcia non ad volant. 

Nulla habemus arma contra mortem. 

Vir r generosus mitis est erga victo$.° 

Germani habitant trans Ithenum. 

Nulla est firma amicitia inter malos. 

Camelus naturale odium adversiis equos gerit. 

Pictae vestes jam apud Homerum commemorantur. 

Cometae ob raritatem et speciem sunt mirabiles.* 

Navigatio d juxta litus saepe est periculosa. 



° § 278. 


e § 125, 2. 


m § 279, 3. 


* § 102, III. 4. 


* § 226. 


n § 205, N. 1. 


e § 107. 


* § 85. 


• § 205, R. 7, (1.) 


<* §§ 59, 1, and 69. 


) § 124. 


* § 78, E. 1. 


• § 209, R. 12, (2.) 


* § 241. 


* § 205, R. 7, (2.) 


/ § 212, R. 2, N. 4. 


* § 227. 


r §48. 



16 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 

Apud JEthiopes maximi elephanti in silvis° vagantur. 
Hippopotamus segetes 6 circa Nilum depascitur/ 



In and Sub. 
What is the rule for in and sub ? § 235, (2.) 

Aquilae nidificant c in rupibus et arboribus* 

Coccyx semper parit in aMenis nidis. 

In senectute' hebescunt- 7 ' sensus; visus, auditus debili- 
tatur. c 

In India gignuntur maxima animalia. 

Hyaenas plurimae in Africa gignuntur. 

In Africa, nee s cervi, nee apri, nee ursi reperiuntur. 

In Syria nigri leones reperiuntur. 

Circa Cyllenen^ montem in Arcadia, merulae Candidas 
nascuntur. 

Serus in ccelum redeas.' 

Victi Persae in naves confugerunt. 

Numa Pompilius annum in duodecim menses distribuit. 

Pontius Theleslnus Romanos sub jugum misit. 

Gallia sub septentriombus posita est. 

Ablative after Prepositions. 

What is the rule for the ablative after prepositions ? § 241. 

Litterae a Phcenicibus J inventae sunt. 
Carthago, Corinthus, Numantia, et multae aliae urbes, 
a Romanis* eversae sunt. 

a § 235, (2.) e § § 67 and 76, E. 2. * § 260, R. 6. 

» §§ 61, 1, and 73. / § 187, II. 2. i § 248, 1. 

• § 145, 1. 1. * § 278, R. 7. 

* § 278. * § 44 



INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES 17 

Quidam° homines nati sunt cum dentibus. b 
Xerxes cum paucissimis milifibus e ex Grcecid aufugit.* 
Metellus primus* elephantos ex primo Punico bello 
duxit in triumpho. 

Cantabit vacuus coram latrone viator. 
Sidera ab ortu ad occasion commeant. 
Britannia a Phcenicibus inventa est. 
Apes sine rege esse 7 non possunt. 
Infans^ nihil, 71 sine aliend ope potest. 
Dulce est pro patrid mori.* 
Venenum aliquando pro remedio fuit. 
Aqua Trebiae fluminis erat pectorlbus tenus. 

Ablative without a Preposition. 

What is the rule for nouns denoting the cause, manner, &c. ? 
§247. What is the rule for utor, &c? §245, I. — for Utor, 
gaudeo, &c. ? §245, II. — for verbs signifying to abound, &c. ? 
§ 250, R. 1, (2.) — for a noun denoting the time at or within which 
any tiling is said to be or to be done ? § 253. — for a limiting noun 
denoting a property, character, or quality^ § 211, R. 6. — for the 
price of a thing ? § 252. 

Apri in morbis sibi J " medentur hederd. 
Pyrrhus rex* tactu pollicis in dextro pede* lienosis / 
medebatur. 

Oleo insecta exanimantur. 

Ferae domantur fame atque verberibus™ 

Anacreon poeta* acino uvae passse exstinctus est. 

a § 207, R. 33. / § 271. / § 223, R. 2. 

h § G4, 1. * § § 30 and 77. * § 279, 9. 

c § 249, III. * § 232, (2.) ■ § § 58, and 73, E. 2. 

* § 196, LI. * § 269. m § 60, 2. 

• § 205, R. 15. 



18 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 

Crocodilus pelle durissimd a contra omnes ictus munitur. 

In Africa 6 elephanti c capiuntur foveis. 

Elephanti spirant, bibunt, odorantur proboscide. 

Populi quidam d locustis vescuntur. 

Dentes asu e atteruntur, sed igne f non cremantur. 

Mures Alpini binis pedibus gradiuntur, prioribusque ut 
manibus utuntur. 

Leaenae jw&a carent. 

Elephanti maxime amnibus gaudent/ 

Apes tinriitu aeris gaudent eoque convocantur. 

Quibusdam in locis* anseres bis anno velluntur. 

Color lusciniarum autumno mutatur. 

Hieme ursi in antris dormiunt. 

Nemo mortalium h omnibus horis sapit. 

Prim5res dentes septimo mense gignuntur ; septimo iidem 
decidunt* anno. 

Antipater Sidonius, poeta, quotannis, die natali stw } 
febre corripiebatur. 

JEstate dies sunt longi5res quam hieme. 

Reperiuntur interdum cervi candido color eJ 

Isocrates orator unam orationem viginti talentis ven- 
didit. 

Luscinia Candida, sex sestertiis Romae venit. 

Lednes facile per triduum cibo carent. 

Infinitive. 

Upon what may the infinitive depend? § 270. After what 
classes of verbs is the infinitive used without a subject ? § 271. 

a § 124. d 5 207, R. 33. * § 142, R. 2. * § 163, E. 1. 

* § 254, R. 3. • § 87. & § 212. i § 211, R. 6. 

• § 9a / § 63, 1. 



INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 19 

Whose action must an infinitive denote, when used after a verb 
without a subject? §271, R. 3. 

Te cupio videre. 

Volui dormlre. 

Aude contemriere opes. 

Carmina" possumus dondre. 

Poteram 6 contingere ramos. 

Nihil* amplius scribere possum. 

Ego cupio ad te venire. 

Intelligere non possum. 

Cessator esse noli. 

Cur timet flavum Tiberim tangere ? 

Philippus volebat d amdri. 

Alexander metui volebat. 

Tecum 8 vivere amo. 

Naturam mutdre pecunia nescit. 

Bene ferre disce magnam fortunam. 

Angustam pauperiem pati puer discat/ 

Did beatus^ ante obitum nemo debet. 

iEquam memento 71 rebus in arduis servdre mentem. 

Aurum vestlbus* intexere invenit rex Attalus. 

Non omnes homines aequo amore y complecti possumus. 

IllecSbras voluptatis vitdre debemus. 

Romae elephantes per tunes incedere docebantur. d 

What is the rule for the infinitive as a subject ? § 269. 

Err are est* humanum.* 
Turpe* est* beneficium repetere. 

* § § 66 and 71. - § 133, R. 4. * § 224. 
» | 154, 6. / § 260, R. 6. ' § 247. 

* § 94. * § 210, R. 1. * § 209, R. 3, (5.) 

* § 145, II. * § 183, 3. * § 205, R. 8 



20 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 

Beneficiis* gratiam non referre etiam turpius est. 
Parentes suos 6 non amare est impium. 



Gerunds and Gerundives. 

By what cases are gerunds followed ? § 275, I. What is the 
rule for the genitive of gerunds and gerundives ? § 275, III. R. 1 

Plurimae sunt illecebrae peccandi.. 

Artem scribendi Phoenices, artem acu e pingendi 
Phryges d invenerunt. 

Cupiditas vivendi nunquam immensa esse debet. 

Honestissima' est contentio benefices c beneficia vin- 
cendi. 

Homo natura/ est cupidus nova semper videndi et 
audiendi. 

Libri sunt inu tiles ignaro^ legendi. 

Initum* est consilium urbis delendce, 1 civium trucidan- 
dorum, nominis Romani exstinguendi. 

What is the rule for the dative of gerunds and gerundives ? 
§ 275, III. R. 2. 

Olim calamus adhibebatur* scribendo. 

Aqua marina inutilis est bibendo. 

Culex habet telum et* fodiendo et k sorbendo idoneum. 

What is the rule for the accusative of gerunds and gerundives •* 
§ 275, III. R. 3. 

Non omnes aequaliter 7 ad discendum proni sumus. 

a § 223. * § 205, N. 1. * § 275, II. 

* § § 208, and 269, R. 1. / § 249, II. * § 145, If. L 
e § 247. * § 222. * § 278, R. 7. 

* § 78. * § 182, & ' § 192 II. 2 



INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 21 

Omnes Graeciae civitates pecuniam ad adificandam* 
classem dederunt. 

What is the rule for the ablative of gerunds and gerundives ? 
§ 275, III. R. 4. 

Funem abrumpes nimium 6 tendendo. 

Docendo discimus. 

Mens alitur discendo et cogitando. 

Lacedaemonii exercebant c juvenes, venando, currendo, 
esuriendo, sitiendo, algendo, czstuando. 

Simiae catulos saepe* complectendo necant. 

Amicus amicum semper aliqua re juvabit, aut re, aut 
consilio, aut consolando certe.* 



COMPOUND SENTENCES. 

What is a compound sentence ? § 203. How may the members 
of a compound sentence be connected ? § 203, 4. 

Conjunctions. 

What is the rule for copulative and disjunctive conjunctions ? 

§278. 

Sol ruit et montes umbrantur. 

Vir d bonus et prudens dici delector ego. 

Immensa est, fmemque 6 potentia Dei non habet. 

Accipere praestat' quam facere injuriam. 

Rapere atque abire semper assuevit lupus. 

Semper honos, nomenywe tuum, l&udesque manebunt. 

* What does this adverb modify ? 

" § 275, II. c § 145, II. 1. e § 198, R. 2. 

» § 192, II. 4, (c.) <* § 210. . / § 209, R. 3, (5.) 



22 



INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 



Sapientem neque a paupertas, neque a mors, neque a vin- 
cula teiTent. 

Juno erat Jovis et soror et conjux. 

Nox b erat et fulgebat luna. 

In praelio cita mors venit, aut victoria laeta. 

Marius et Sylla civile bellum gesserunt/ 

Leti vis rapuit, raapietque gentes. 

Non formosus erat, sed d erat facundus Ulysses. 

Si* divitiae felicitatem praestant, avaritia prima virtus 
est. 

Adverbs. 

Quoties literas tuas lego, omnem mihi / praeteritorum 
temporum memoriam in mentem revoco. 

Magna debemus suscipere, dura vires suppetunt. 

Cervi, quamdiu cornlbus carent, noctu ad pabula pro- 
cedunt. 

Quidam crocodllum/ quamdiu vivat,* crescere* existl- 
mant, vivit autem-' multos annos.* 

Gloria virtutem, tanquam umbra, sequitur. 

Comparison. 

What are the two ways of expressing a comparison by means 
of the comparative degree ? § 256. 

Canes Indici l grandiores sunt quam ceteri." 1 
Nullum malum est vehementius n et importunius" quam 
invidia. 771 



a § 278, R. 7. 


/ § 211, R. 


5,1. 


* § 236. 


* §§ 62, and 78, E. 2. 


* § 239. 




■ § 128,1.2. 


e § 209, R. 12. 


* § 266, 1. 




m § 278. 


* § 198, 4. 


* § 272. 




w § 124 


• § 198, 8. 


/ § 279, 3. 







INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 23 

Interdum ferarum animos mitiores* invenimus quam 
hominum. 6 

Latro ferae est similior quam hommi. c 

Major est animi voluptas quam corporis. 6 

In montibus aer d purior est et tenuior quam in vallibus. 

What is the rule for the ablative after comparatives ? § 256. 

Nihil est dementia divinius. 

Aurum gravius est argento. 

Adamas durior est ferro ; ferrum* durius ceteris metallis. 

Luna terrae propior est sole. 

Quid magis est durum saxo, quid mollius aqua 1 

Relative Pronouns. 

What is the rule for the construction of relatives ? § 206. 

Non omnis ager, qui seritur, ferl/ fruges/ 

Psittacus, quern India mittit, reddit verba, quae accepit. 

Achilles, cujus res gestas Homeri carraina celebrant, ad 
Hellespontum sepultus est. 

Myrmecides quidam quadrigam fecit ex ebore, A quam 
musca alis * integebat. 

Qui bonis j non recte utitur, ei k bona mala fiunt. 1 

Beneficium reddit, qui ejus m bene memor est. 

Grues n in itineribus ducem, quern sequantur, eligunt. 

Copias suas Caesar in proximum collem subduxit, equi- 
tatumque, qui sustineret ° hostium impetum, misit. 



a § 124. 


/ § 179. 


* § 206, (3,) (a.) 


» § 211, R. 7. 


*§ 94. 


* § 180. 


e § 278. 


* § 71, E. 3. 


m § 213. 


<*§ 5. 


1 § 247. 


n §§ 67, E., and 76, E. 3 


• § 209, R. 4. 


1 § 245, I. 


° § 264, 5 



24 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 



Subjunctive Mood. 

What mood does cum take ? § 263, 5. What is the rule for 
cum in narration ? § 263, R. 2. 

Platea, cum devoratis se implevit conchis," testas 
evomit. 

Ceres frumenta b invenit, cum antea homines glandibus e 
vescerentur. 

Nave d primus e in Graeciam Danaus advenit, cum antea 
ratibus 7 navigaretur/ 

Alexander, rex 71 Macedonia^ cum Thebas cejpisset, 
Pindari vatis h familiae * pepercit. 

What is the general rule for the subjunctive after particles? 
§262. 

Tanta est in India ubertas soli, ut j sub una ficu* turmae 
equitum l condantur. 

Ursi per hiemem m tarn gravi somno a premuntur, ut 3 ne n 
vulneribus quidem n excitentur. 

Delphini tanta interdum vi e mari exsiliunt, ut j vela ? 
navium transvolent. 

In India serpentes ad tantam magnitudinem adolescunt, 
ut integros hauriant cervos taurosque. 

Fac, 9 ut homines animum tuum pluris r faciant, quam 
omnia, quae illis * tribuere possis.* 



* § 249, 1. 


* § 204. 


§ 82, E. 1. 


> § 102, 4. 


* § 223, R. 2. 


p § 233. 


e § 245, L 


i § 262, R. 1. 


« § 162, 4. 


d §§ 62 and 74. 


* § 235, (2.) 


r § 214. 


• § 205, R. 15. 


1 § 31. 


* § 223. 


/ § 247. 


m § 236, R. 5. 


■ § 266, 1. 


< § 209, R. 3, (2.) 


n § 279, 3. 





INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 25 

Alexander edixit, ne quis ipsum" prseter Apellera 
pingeret. h 

Pythagoreis interdictum fait, ne fabis e vescerentur. 

Oculi palpgbris d sunt muniti, ne quid incidat.' 

Nihil fere 7 tarn reconditum est, quin g quaerendo* in- 
veniri possit. 6 

Nunquam tarn mane egredior, neque tarn vesperi do- 
mum j reverter, quin g te in fun do conspicer 1 fodere,* aut 
arare,* aut aliquid facere.* 

Xerxes non dubitabat, quin g copiis suis Grsecos facile 
super at urus esset. 1 

In what mood is the verb put in dependent clauses containing 
an indirect question ? § 2G5. 

Quaeritur, unus ne sit l mundus, an plures. OT 

Disputabant veteres philosophi, casu ne factus sit mun- 
dus, an mente divina. 

Augustus cum amicis suis consultabat, utrum imperium 
servaret, an deponeret. 

Perperam qua3ritur, num in amici gratiam jus violari 
possitJ 

Ciconiae quonam e loco veniant, aut in quas se regiones 
confer ant, incompertum est. n 

Quis numerare potest, quoties per totam vitam lacrymas 
fuderit ? 

What is the rule for the infinitive with the accusative ? § 272. 

Aristoteles tradit, in Latmo, Cariae monte, hospites a 
scorpionibus ° non Icedi, indigenas interimi. 

a § 207, R. 28. / § 277, R. 1. * § 272, R. 5. 

» § 258, 2, (2.) * § 262, R. 10, 2. » § 258, 2, (1.) 

c § 245, 1. * § 275, III. R. 4. m § 110. 

* §§ 13 and 15. * § 258, 1, (1.) n § 209, R. 3, (5.) 

e § 258, 1, (2.) J § 237, R 4. • § 248, 1. 
3 



26 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 

M. Varro narrat, a cuniculis" suffossum 1 in Hispania 
opptidum, a talpis in Thessalia ; ab ranis incolas urbis in 
Gallia pulsosf ab locustis in Africa ; ex Gyaro insula 
incolas a muribus fugatos* in Italia Amyclas c a serpenti- 
bus deletas esse. 

Observation est/ pestilentiam semper a meridianis 
partibus ad occidentem ire. 

Homerus Pygmceos, populum ad oceanum, a gruibus 
infestari prodidit; Aristoteles eosdem in cavernis vivere 
narrat. 

Posteri aliquando querentur nostra culpa mores eversos 
esse. 

Virgilius per testamentum * jusserat carmina sua cremari ; 
id f Augustus fieri vetuit. 

Sertorius cervam alebat candidam, quam e Hispaniae 
gentes fatidicam esse credebant. 

Ulustre est inter philosophos nomen Anaxagorae/ quern 
veteres nunquam in vita risisse ferunt. 

Participles. 

What is the rule for the agreement of participles ? § 205. By 
what cases are participles followed ? § 274, 1. What is said of 
the time of the present, perfect, and future active participles ? 
§ 274, 2. 

Exempla fortunae variantis sunt innumera. 

Galli diem venientem cantu h nuntiant. 

Cecrops urbem { ase a conditam appellabat Cecropiam.* 



ft § 248, 1. 

* § 270, R. 3. 

• § 239. 


* § 209, R. 3, (5.) 

• § 247, R. 4. 
/ | 206, (13.) 


'§ 44. 
* § 247. 

< § 230 



INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 27 

Augustus primus" Romae 6 tigrin ostendit mansue- 
factam. 

Gymnosophistae in India toto die d ferventibus arenis* 
insistunt, Solem 7 intuentes. 

Epimenides puer/ aestu* et itinere fessus, septem et 
quinquaginta annos d in specu dormivisse dicitur. 

Julius Caesar simul dictare/ et legentem j audire solebat. 

Leo prostratis k parcit. 

Aves aduncos ungues habentes carne* vescuntur, nee 
unquam congregantur. 

Canis venaticus venatorem comitantem loro h ad ferarum 
lustra trahit. 

Beneficium non in eo m consistit, quod datur, sed in 
ipso dantis 3 animo. 

Struthiocameli Africi altitudmem equitis equo ' insidentis 
excedunt. 

Interdum n delphmi conspecti sunt, defunctum delphinum 
portantes, et quasi" funus agentes. 

Multa, quae de infantibus ferarum lacte nutrltis produn- 
tur, fabulosa videntur. 

Homo quidam, lapide ictus, oblitus est literas; alius, 
ex praealto tecto lapsus, matris et affinium nomina dicere 
non potuit. 

L. Siccius Dentatus, centies vicies prodiatus, quadraginta 
quinque cicatrices adverso corpora** habebat, nullam in 
tergo/ 



a § 205, R. 15. 


* § 204. 


■ § 245, I. 


& § 221, I. 


* § 247. 


m § 205, R. 7, (2.) 


c § 80, 1., E. 2. 


* § 271. 


n § 277. 


<* § 236. 


/ § 205, R. 7, (1.) 


§ 216. 


e § 224. 


* § 223, R. 2. 


p § 254, R. 3. 









28 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 

Leones satiati innoxii sunt. 

Elephantes nemmi a nocent, nisi lacessiti. 

Elephantes amnem h transituri c minimos praemittunt. 

Pavo laudatus ° gemmatam pandit caudam. 

Gallus, ab adversario^ victus, c occultatur* silens, et 
servitium patitur. 

Leo vulnerdtus c percussorem intelligit, et in quantalibet 
multitudine appetit. 

Olores iter facientes colla imp5nunt prcecedentibus ; e 
fessos duces ad terga recipiunt. 

Testudines in mari 7 degentes conchyliis* vivunt; in 
terram egresses, herbis/ 

Sarmatae, longinqua itinera facturi, media pridie praepa- 
rant equos, potum exiguum impertientes ; atque ita lon- 
gissTmam viam continuo cursu conficiunt. 

Elephanti, equitatu circumventi, infirmos aut fessos ml- 
neratosque in medium agmen recipiunt. 

Multos morientes cura sepulturae angit. 

Danaus, ex iEgypto in Graeciam advectus, rex k Argivo- 
rum factus est. 

Alexander, Bucephalo equo defuncto, duxit exequias, 
urbemque Bucephalon appellatam ejus tumulo* circum- 
dedit. 

P. Catienus Plotinus patronum adeo dilexit, ut, heres 
omnibus ejus bonis j institutus, in rogum ejus se conjiceret* 



* occultatur, instead of se occultat, hides himself. § 248, 1. 

* § 223, R. 2. • § 224. * § 224, R. 1. 

* § 233. / § 82, E. 1. / § 211, R. 5. 

* § 274, 3. * § 245, II. * § 262. 

* § 248, I. * § 210. « § 278 



INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 29 

Erinacei volutdti super poma, humi" acentia, ilia 
spinis b affixa in cavas arbores portant. 

Indicum mare testudmes tantae magnitudinis c alit, ut 
singulae tugurio tegendo d sufficiant/ 

Leones, series facti, appetunt homines, quoniam ad 
persequendas f feras vires non suppetunt. 

Struthiocamelis s ungulae sunt cervinis sinnles, com- 
prehendendis d lapidibus utiles, quos in fuga contra scquen- 
tes h jaculantur. 

Ablative Absolute. 

What is the rule for the ablative absolute ? § 257. 

Senescente Lund* ostrea tabescere dicuntur, crescente 
eddem, gliscunt. Cepe contra, L/und deficiente, revires- 
cere, adolescente, inarescere dicitur. 

Geryane * interempto, Hercules in Italiam * venit. 

Sabmis* debellatis, Tarquinius triumphans Romam' 
rediit. 

Jasone* Lycio interfecto, canis, quem habebat, cibum 
capere noluit, inediaque confectus est. 

Regis Lysimachi canis, domino accensae pyrae h imposito, 
in flammas se conjecit. 

Nicomede rege interfecto, equus ejus vitam finivit media. 

Chilo, unus e septem sapientlbus,* filio victore l Olym- 
pian,™ prae gaudio exspiravit. 

* What is denoted in this ease by the ablative absolute ? 

* § 221, I , R. 3. / § 275, II., & III. R.3. / § 237. 

b | 224. g § 226. k § 212, R. 2, N. 4. 

* § 211, R. 6. h § 205, R. 7, (1.) " § 257, R. 7. 
<* § 275, II., and III. R. 2. * § 237, R. 5. w § 221. I 

* § 262. 



30 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 

Apes, aculeo amisso, statim eraori existimantur. Eae- 
dem, rege interfecto aut morbo consumpto, fame a luctuque 
moriuntur. 

Pavo, cauda amissd, pudibundus ac moerens quaerit 
latebram. 

Erinacei, ubi sensere venantem, contracto ore pedibus- 
que, convolvuntur # in formam pilae, ne quid h comprehendi 
possit c praeter aculeos. 

* convolvuntuTj for se convolvunt y roll themselves. § 248, R. 1. 
• § 247. » § 138. • § 262 



FABLES FROM ^ESOP 



1. ACCIPITER ET COLUMBJE 

Columbje milvii metu # accipitrem rogaverunt, ut eas 
defenderet." Ille annuit. At in 6 columbare receptus, 
uno die c maj5rem stragem edidit, quam milvius longo 
tempore e potuisset d edere. 

Fabula docet, malorum* patrocinium / vitandum* esse.* 

2. Mus et Milvius. 

Milvius laqueis* irretitus musculum-' exoravit, ut eum, 
corrSsis plagis,* liberaret." Quo* facto, milvius liberatus 
murem arripuit et z devoravit. 

Haec fabula ostendit,™ quam gratiam mali* pro beneficiis 
reddere" soleant. 

3. H(edus et Lupus. 
Hoedus, stans in 6 tecto domus, lupo p praetereunti 9 



* Supply ducta. § 247, R. 2. 




a § 262. 


s § 274, R. 8, 


m § 229, R. 5 


i § 235, (2.) 


* § 272. 


n § 271. 


• § 253. 


i § 247. 


§ 265. 


d §§ 154, 6, and 260, II. 


/ § 231, and R. 3. 


P § 225. 


• § 205, R. 7, (1.) 


* § 257, and R. 1. 


* § 182, and R. a 


/ §239. 


* §278 





32 



FABLES FROM MSOP. 



maledixit. Cui a lupus, Non tu, inquit, 6 sed tectum mihi 
maledicit. c 

Ssepe locus et tempus homines timidos audaces reddit.* 

4. Grus et Pavo. 

Pavo, coram grue pennas suas e explicans, Quanta est, d 
inquit/ formositas mea et tua deformitas ! At grus evo- 
lans, Et quanta est, inquit, levitas mea et tua tarditas ! 

Monet haec fabula, ne ob aliquod bonum, quod 7 nobis" 
natura tribuit, alios s contemnamus/ quibus natura alia' 
et s fortasse majora dedit. 

5. Pavo. 

Pavo graviter* conquerebatur l apud Junonem, domi- 
nam m suam, quod vocis suavitas sibi negata esset/ dum 
luscinia, avis tarn parum dec5ra, cantu excellat. n Cui 
Juno, Et merit o, in quit ; non enim ° omnia bona l in unum 
conferri oportuit. p 

6. Anseres et Grues. 

In 9 e5dem quondam prato pascebantur* anseres et 
grues. Adveniente domino r prati, grues facile avolabant ; 
sed anseres, impediti corporis gravitate/ deprehensi et J 
mactati sunt. 

Sic saepe pauperes, cum potentioribus in eodem crimine 
deprehensi, soli dant' pcenam, dum illi salvi evadunt. 



tt § 223. 


* § 273, 2. 




§ 279, 3. 


* § 279, 6. 


* § 205, R. 7, 


(2.) 


? § 273, 4. 


c § 209, R. 12, (7.) 


/ § 278. 




q § 235, (2.) 


a § 209, R. 12, (2.) 


* § 192, II. 2. 




r § 257. 


* § 208. 


" § 145, II. 1. 




' § 247. 


/ § 206. 


m § 204. 




f § 145, 1. 1 


* § 205, R. 7, (1.) 


n § 266, 3. 







FABLES FROM ^SOP. 33 



7. Capra et Lupus. 

Lupus capram* in alta rupe stantem conspicatus, Cur 
non, in quit, relinquis nuda ilia et sterilia loca, et hue 
descendis in herbidos campos, qui tibi latum pabulum 
offerunt ? Cui respondit capra : Mihi b non est in ammo, 
dulcia c tutis e prczporiere. d 

8. Venter et Membra. 

Membra quondam dicebant ventri: Nosne* te semper f 
ministerio s nostro alemus, h dum ipse summo otio* frueris 1 
Non faciemus* Dum igitur ventri j cibum subducunt, 
corpus debilitatur, et membra* sero invidiae* suae poenituit. 

9. Canis et Boves. 

Canis jacebat m in praesepi n bovesque latrando ° a pabu- 
lo arcebat. Cui unus bourn/ Quanta ista q , inquit, invidia 
est, quod non pateris, ut eo cibo r vescamur,' quern tu ipse 
capere nee velis 1 nee possis ! 

Haec fabula invidiae indolem declarat. 

10. Vulpes et Leo. 

Vulpes, quae nunquam leonem viderat, quum ei u forte 
occurrisset/ ita est perterrita, ut w paene moreretur* formid- 





* Supply hoc. 




* § 274, 1. 


* § 245, I. 


* § 207, R. 25. 


* § 226. 


/ § 224, R. 2. 


r § 245, 1. 


c § 205, R. 7, (2.) 


* § 229, R. 6. 


• § 262. 


<* § 269. 


1 § 215, (1.) 


■ § 266, 1. 


* § 279, 3. 


m § 145, 11. 1. 


u § 224. 


/§ 279,15. 


n § 82, E. 1. 


• § 263, R. 2. 


*§ 247. 


• § 275, R. 4. 


w § 262, R. 1. 


* § 209, R. 1. 


* § 212 





34 FABLES FROM JESOP. 

Ine. a Eundem conspicata 6 iterum, timuit quidem,' sed 
nequaquam/ ut antea.* Tertio illi e obviam facta, ausa' 
est etiam propius f accedere, eumque^ alloqui. 

11. Cancri. 

Cancer dicebat h filio : Mi l filij ne k sic obliquis semper 
gressibus* incede, sed recta vid a perge. Cui ille, Mi 
pater, respondit, libenter tuis prceceptis 1 obsequar, si te 
prius idem facientem videro. m 

Docet haec fabula, adolescentiam n nulla re* magis, 
quam exemplis , instrui/ 

12. Boves. 

In eodem prato pascebantur* tres boves in maxima * 
concordia, et sic ab omni r ferarum incursione tuti erant. 
Sed dissidio* inter illos orto, singuli a feris' petiti et laniati 
sunt. 

Fabula docet, quantum boni" sit" in concordia. 

13. AsInus. 

Asmus, pelle" le5nis indutus, territabat homines et 
bestias, tanquam leo esset.* Sed forte, dum se celerius* 



# 


What do 


nequaquam and antea 


modify ? 


t 


What is 


understood after 


propius f 


• § 247. 




/ § 52. 




r § 279, 7. 


& § 274, 1. 




* § 267, R. I. 




* § 257. 


e § 279, 3. 




■ § 223, R. 2. 




■ § 248, I. 


* § 277. 




m § 145, VI. 




tt § 212, R. 3. 


9 § 228. 




n § 239. 




• § 265. 


/ § 142, R. 


2. 


§ 278. 




w § 249, 1. 


' § 233. 




p § 272. 




• § 263,2. 


* § 145, II. 


1. 


« § 125, 5. 




y § 256, R. 9 


■ § 139. 











FABLES FROM ^£SOP. 35 

movet, aures eminebant ; unde agnitus in pistrinum ab- 
ductus est, ubi poenas petulantiae dedit. 

Haec fabula stolidos a notat, qui immeritis honorfbus* 
superbiunt. 

14. MULIER ET GaLLINA. 

Mulier quaedam habebat gallinam, quae ei quotidie ovum 
pariebat aureum. Hinc suspicari coepit, illam auri 
massam intus celare/ et gallinam occidit. Sed nihil in ea 
reperit, nisi quod* in aliis gallinis reperiri c solet. Itaque 
dum majorlbus divitiis / inhiabat, etiam minores* per- 
didit. 

15. VlATORES ET AsiNUS. 

Duo a qui una iter faciebant, asinum oberrantem in 
solitudine conspicati, accurrunt laeti, et uterque eum sibi 
vindicare coepit, quod eum prior* conspexisset/ Dum 
vero contendunt et rixantur, nee * a' verberibus abstinent, 
asinus aufugit, et neuter eo* potitur. 

16. Corvus et Lupi. 

Corvus partem praedae petebat a lupis,* quod eos totum 
diem m comitatus esset.* Cui illi, Non tu nos, inquiunt, 
sed pradam sectatus es, idque eo animo, b ut ne nostris 
guidem n corporibus parceres* si exanimarentur. p 

* With what noun does minores agree ? 

° § 205, R. 7, (1.) s § 205, R. 15. i § 231, R. 2. 

» § 247. * § 266, 3. m § 236. 

e § 271. * § 198, R. 4. n § 279, 3. 

* § 272. i § 242, R. 1. ° § 223, R. 2. 
'§206, (4.) *§245,I. '§261,1. 

* § 224. 



36 FABLES FROM MSOP. 

Merito in actionibus non spectatur, quid fiat/ sed quo 
animo fiat." 

17. Pastores et Lupus. 

Pastores caesa ove 6 convivium celebrabant. Quod c quum 
lupus cerneret/ Ego, in quit, si agnum rapuissem, e quantus tu- 
multus Jieret ! e At isti f impune ovem comedunt ! Turn unus 
illorum/ Nos enim, h inquit, nostra, non aliend ove 1 epuldmur. 

18. Carbonarius et Fullo. 

Carbonarius, qui spatidsam habebat domum, invitavit 
fullonem, ut ad se commigraret.- 7 ' Ille respondit : Quanam 
inter nos esse possit k societas ? quum tu vestes, quas ego 
nitidas reddidissem, 1 fuligme et maculis inquinaturus esses. m 

Haec fabula docet dissimilia 71 non debere conjungi/ 

19. Tubicen. 

Tubicen ab hostibus* captus, Ne r me, inquit, interjicite ; 
nam inermis sum, neque s quidquam habeo prceter hanc 
tubam. At hostes, Propter hoc ipsum, inquiunt,' te interi- 
memus, quod, quum ipse pugnandi u sis d imperltus, alios 
adpugnam incitare soles. 

Fabula docet, non solum maleficos* esse puniendos," 
sed etiam eos,* qui alios ad male faciendum^ irritent.* 

* § 265. / § 273, 2. r § 267, R. I. 

* § 257. * § 260, II. R. 5. * § 198, R. 4. 
e § 206, (13.) » § 266, 1. « § 279, 6. 

<* § 263, 5. m § 260, R. 7, (2.) u § 275, III. R. 1. 

* § 261 , 1. ■ § 205, R. 7, (2,) and N. * § 205, R. 7, (1.) 
/ § 207, R. 25. ° § 272. w § 274, R. 8. 

* § 212. p § 271. * § 278. 

* § 198, 5. * § 248, 1. y § 275, III., R. a 

* § 245, II 



FABLES FROM .ESOP. 37 



20. ACCIPITRES ET COLUMB.E. 

Accipitres quondam acerrime inter se belligerabant. 
Hos columbae in gratiam reducere* conatae effecerunt, 6 ut 
illi pacem inter se c facerent. Qua/ firmata, accipitres 
vim suam in ipsas columbas converterunt. 

Haec fabula docet, potentiorum discordias e imbecilliori- 
bus 7 saepe prodesse. 

21. MULIER ET GaLLINA. 

Mulier vidua gallinam habebat, quae ei quotidie unum 
ovum pariebat. Ilia existimabat,* si gallinam diligentius 
saginaret/ fore/ ut ilia bina i aut terna ova quotidie 
pareret. Quum autem cibo superfluo gallina pinguis 
esset^ facta, plane ova parere* desiit. 5 

Haec fabula docet, avaritiam saepe damnosam k esse. 

22. VULPES ET UVA. 

Vulpes uvam in vite conspicata ad illam subsiliit omni- 
um virium suarum contentione/ si earn forte attingere pos- 
set/ Tandem defatigata inani labore discedens dixit : At 
nunc etiam acerhcz sunt, nec m eas in via repertas n tollerem. 

Haec fabula docet, multos ea contemnere, quae se p 
assequi posse desperent. 



* What is 


the 


object of existimdbat f 


§ 229, R. 5. 


§ 271. 




s § 260. 


m § 278, R. 5. 


* § 273, 1. 




» § 268, R. 4. 


n § 274, 3. 


c § 208. 




* § 119, III, 


§ 261. 


d § 257. 




J § 263, 5. 


p § 271, R. 3 


• § 239 




* § 205, N. 1 


f § 162, 7 


/§ 224. 




* § 247. 





38 FABLES FROM JESOP. 






23. Vulpes ET Lejena. 

Vulpes leaenae exprobrabat, quod nonnisi unum catulum 
pareret." Huic dicitur respondisse, Unum, sed leonem. 

Haec fabula, non copiam sed bonitatem rerum aestiman 
dam 6 esse, docet. 

24. Mures. 

Mures aliquando habuerunt consilium, quomodo sibi c a 
fele caverent.* Multis aliis* propositis, omnibus f placuit, 
ut ei s tintinnabulum annecteretur ; sic enim ipsos h sonitu 
admonitos earn fugere posse.* Sed quum jam inter 
mures quaereretur/ qui feli* tintbnabulum annecteret,* 
nemo repertus est. 

Fabula docet, in suadendo * plurimos esse audaces,* sed 
in ipso periculo timidos.™ 

25. Canis mordax. 

Cani^ mordaci paterfamilias jussit tintinnabulum ex aere 
appendi, 71 ut omnes eum cavere possent. Ille vero aeris 
tinnitu* gaudebat, et, quasi 3 virtutis suas praemium 7 " esset, # 
alios canes prae se contemnere coepit. Cui unus senior, 
O te stotidum, inquit, qui ignorare* videris, isto tinnitu 
pravitatem morum tuorum indicari ! u 



* What is 


the 


subject-nominative of esset ? 


° § 266, 3. 






* § 208, (4.) 


§ 262. 


* § 274, R. 8. 






* § 270, R. 2. 


p § 245, II. 


c § 223. 






/ § 263, 5, R. 2. 


5 § 263, 2. 


<*§ 265. 






* § 275, III. R. 4. 


r § 210. 


' § 205, R. 7, 


(2.) 




1 § 205, N. 1. 


• § 238, 2. 


/ § 223, R. 2. 






m § 278. 


■ § 271. 



§ 224. * § 273, 2. u § 272. 



FABLES FROM -KSOP. 39 

Haec fabula scripta est in a eos, qui sibi 6 insignibus flagi- 
tiorum suorum placent. 

26. Canis et Lupus. 

Lupus canem videns bene saginatum, Quanta est, 
inquit, felicitas tua! Tu, ut videtur, laute vivis, at ego 
fame eriecor. Turn canis, Licet, inquit, mecura in urbem 
venias, d et eddem felicitate 6 fruaris. Lupus conditionem 
accepit. Dum una eunt, animadvertit lupus in collo canis 
attritos f pilos. Quid hoc est 1 # inquit.f Num jugum 
susiinesl cervix enim tua tota est glabra. Nihil est, 
canis respondit. Sed interdiu me aUigant, ut noctu sim 
vigilantior ; atque hcec sunt vestigia collaris, quod cerviei* 
circumdari solet. Turn lupus, Vale, inquit, amice ! h 
nihil 1 moror felicitatem servitute emptam! 

Haec fabula docet, liberis' nullum commodum tanti* 
esse, quod servitutis calamitatem compensate possit. 1 

27. Lupus et Grus. 

In faucibus lupi os inhaeserat. Mercede igitur conducit 
gruem, qui illud extrahat."* Hoc 71 grus longitudine colli 
facile effecit. Quum autem mercedem postularet, subri- 
dens lupus et dentibus infrendens, Num tibi, inquit, parva 
merces videtur,\ quod caput incolume ex lupi faucibus 
extraocisti 1 

* What is the predicate-nominative of est ? 
\ What is the object of inquit ? 

X What is the subject of videtur ? § 201, IV., 1. 

a § 235, (2.) / § 270, R. 3. * § 214. 

* § 223, R. 2. * § 224, R. 1. * § 264, 1. 
e ,§ 133, 4. * § 240. m § 264, 5. 

* § 262, R. 4. * § 214, N. 2. n § 206, (13.) 

* § 245, 1. / § 211, R. 5. ° § 210 



40 



FABLES FROM iESOP. 



28. Agricola et Anguis. 



Agricola anguem reperit frigore paene extinctum. Mise- 
ricordia" motus eum fovit sinu, 6 et subter alas c recondidit. 
Mox anguis recreatus vires d recepit, et agricolae* pro 
beneficio letale vulnus inflixit. 

Hsec fabula docet, qualem mercedem mali pro beneficiis 
reddere soleant/ 

29. A sinus et Eq,uus. 

Asmus equum beatum* praedicabat, qui tarn copiose 
pasceretur,* quum sibi post molestissimos labores ne* 
paleae quidem satis praeberentur/ Forte autem bello* 
exorto equus in proelium agitur, et circumventus l ab 
hostibus, post incredibiles labores tandem, multis vulneri- 
bus confossus, collabitur. Haec omnia asinus conspicatus, 
O me stoUdum, inquit, qui beatitudinem ex m prcesentis 
temporis fortund cestimaverim ! h 

30. Agricola et Filii. 

Agricola senex, quum mortem sibi* appropinquare 
sentiret, filios convocavit, quos, ut fieri solet," interdum 
discordare noverat, et fascem virgularum afFerri jubet. 
Quibus* allatis, filios hortatur, ut hunc fascem frangerent/ 
Quod 5 quum facere non possent, distribuit singulas virgas, 



* What is 


here denoted by the 


ablative absolute ? § 257. 


• § 247, R. 2. 


* § 230. 






m § 195, R. 2. 


> § 254, R. 3. 


* § 264, 8. 






- § 209, R. 3, (6.) 


' § 235, (4.) 


* §'279,3. 






§ 272. 


^ § 85. 


J § 263, 5. 






p § 273, 2. 


• § 224. 


* §257. 






* § 206, (13.) 


/ § 265. 


* §§ 248, I., and 274, 


1. 





FABLES FROM JESOF. 41 

iisque celeriter fractis, docuit # illos, quam firma res f esset h 
concordia, quamque imbecillis discordia. 

31. Eq,uus et Asinus. 

Asinus onustus sarcinis equum rogavit, ut aliqua parte* 
oneris se c levaret/ si se c vivum videre vellet.' Sed ille 
asini preces repudiavit. Paulo post igitur asinus lab5re 
consumptus in via corruit, et efflavit animam. Turn 
agitator omnes sarcuias, quas asinus portaverat, atque 
insuper etiam pellem asino-^ detractam in equum imposuit. 
Ibi ille sero priorem superbiam deplorans, O me s miserum, 
in quit, qui parvulum onus in me recipere noluerim* quum 
nunc cogar tantas sarcinas ferre, una cum pelle comitis 
mei, cujus preces tarn superbe contempseram. 

32. MULIER ET ANCILL.E. 

Mulier vidua, quae texendo i vitam sustentabat, solebat 
ancillas suas de nocte excitare ad opus, quum primum 
galli cantum audivisset. At illas diuturno labore fatigatae 
statuerunt gallum interficere.- 7 ' Quo* facto, deteri5re con 
ditidne* quam priusj esse coeperunt. Nam dornma, de 
hora noctis incerta, 771 nunc famulas saepe jam prima nocte 
excitabat. 



* What is the accusative of the " thing " after docuit? § 231, R. 3. 
t What is the subject-nominative of esset ? 
X Supply fuerant. 



° § 251. 


/ § 224, R. 2. 


i § 271, and R. 3. 


* § 265. 


* § 238, 2. 


* § 206, (13.) 


<§ 208,(1.) 


* § 264, 8. 


■ § 245, III. 


* § 273, 2. 


* § 275, R. 4. 


m § 213, R. 4, and (4.> 


• § 266, 1. 







4* 



42 FABLES FROM ^SOP. 



33. Testudo et Aqjjila. 

Testudo aquilam magnopere orabat, ut sese a volare 
doceret. 6 Aqu3a ei ostendebat quidem, eam c rern d petere 
naturae 6 suae contrariam ; sed ilia nihilo 7 minus instabat, 
et obsecrabat aqu2am/ ut se h volucrem facere vellet.* 
Itaque ungulis arreptam* aquila sustulit in sublime, et 
demisit illam, ut per aerem ferretur. Turn in saxa incidens 
comminuta interiit. 

Haec fabula docet, multos cupiditatibus suis' occoecatos 
consilia prudentiorum respuere, et in exitium mere stul- 
titia* sua. 

34. LUSCINIA ET ACCIPITER. 

Accipiter esuriens rapuit lusciniam. Quae, quum intel- 
ligent sibi z mortem impendere, ad preces conversa orat 
accipitrem/ ne se perdat sine causa. Se enim m avidissi- 
mum ventrem illius non posse n explere, et suadere adeo, 
ut grandiores aliquas volucres venetur. 1 Cui accipiter, 
Insanirem, inquit, si part am prcedam amitiere, et incerta* 
pro certis p sectari vellem. 

35. Senex et Mors. 
Senex in silva ligna ceciderat, 7 iisque 7 * sublatis domum* 

* With what does arreptam agree ? 

a § § 133, R. 2, and 208, (1.) * § 208, (1.) n § 270, R. 2. 

* § 209, R. 2, (1,) (ft.) * § 273, 2. ° § 261, 1. 

e § 239. J § 208. p § 205, R. 7, (2.) 

d § 229. * § 247. * § 145, V. 

' § 222. * § 224. r § 257. 

/ § 256, R. 16. m § 198, 5. • § 237, R. 4. 

* § 231, R. 3 



FABLES FROM iESOP. 43 

redire coepit. Quum aliquantum a viae 6 progressus esset, 
et c onere et via defatigatus fascem deposuit, et secum d 
aetatis et inopiae mala* contemplates Mortem clara voce 
invocavit, quae ipsum ab omnibus his malis 7 liberaret/ 
Turn Mors senis precibus auditis* subito adstitit,* et, 
quid vellet,* percunctatur. 7 At Senex, quern 3 jam vo- 
tomm* suorum poenitebat, 1 Nihil,f inquit, sed requiro, 
qui m onus paululum allevet, 5 dum ego rursus subeo. % 

36. Inimici. 

In eadem navi vehebantur duo, n qui inter se° capitalia 
odia exercebant. Unus eSrun/ in prora, alter in puppi 
residebat. Orta tempestate ingenti, quum omnes de vita 
desperarent, interrogat || is, qui in puppi sedebat, guberna- 
torem, Utram partem navis p prius submersum iri existima- 
ret. 1 Cui gubernator, Prorarn^ respondit. Turn ille, 
Jam mors mihi non molesta est, quum inimici mei mortem 
adspecturus sim. r 

37. HlNNULEUS ET CeRVUS. 

Hinnuleus quondam patrem suum his verbis interro- 
gate* dicitur : Mi l pater, quum multo u sis major canibus v 

* Supply seni. t Supply volo. t Supply id. 

|1 What is the accusative of the " thing " after interrogat ? § 231, R. 3 
IT To what does prora correspond ? § 204, R. 11. 

° § 236. * § 265. p § 212. 

6 § 212, R. 3. 5 § 229, R. 6. » § 258, R. I. 

e § 278, R. 7. * § 215, (1.) r § 260, R. 7, (2.) 

<* § 133, R. 4. ^ 209, 3, (4.) * § 162, 7. 

9 § 274, 1. m § 206, (4.) ' § 139. 

/ § 251, R. 1. n § 205, R. 7, (1.) u § 23T6, R. 16. 

' § 264, 5. • § 235, R. 2. * § 256 



\ 



§ 257. 



44 FABLES FROM JESQP. 

et tarn ardua cornua habeas" quibus a te vim propulsare 
possis, b qui jit* ut canes tantopere metuas 1 Ibi cervus 
ridens, Mi nate, in quit, vera memoras ; mihi e tamen, nescio 
quo pacto, semper accidit* ut audita canum* voce, in 
fugam statim convertar. 

Haec fabula docet, natural formidolosos nullis rationibus 
fortes f reddi posse. 

38. Hcedus et Lupus. 

Quum hoedus evasisset lupum, et confugisset in caulam 
ovium/ Quid h tu, stulte, inquit ille/f hie te salvum futu- 
rum 1 speras, ubi quotidie pecudes rapi et diis mactdri 
videas 1 j Non euro, inquit hoedus ; nam si moriendum k 
sit, quanto 1 prceclarius m mihi n erit, meo cruore aspergi 
aras deorum immortalium, quam irrigdri siccas lupi 
fauces. 

Haec fabula docet, bonos mortem, quse p omnibus q 
immmet, non timere/ si cum honestate et laude conjuncta 
sit/ 

39. CORVUS ET VULPES. 

Corvus alicunde caseum rapuerat, et cum illo in altam 
arborem subvolarat.' Vulpecula ilium caseum appetens 
corvum blandis verbis adoritur ; quumque primum formam 



* 


What 


is the subject of this verb ? 




t 


To what does Me relate ? 


§207, 


R. 23. 


a § 278. 




^ § 231, R. 5. 




§ 239. 


» § 266, 1. 




* § 270, R. 3. 




* § 206. 


e § 223. 




i § 266, 1. 




« § 224. 


<* § 83, 2, E. 




* § 225, III., R. 1. 




r § 272. 


• § 249, II. 




« § 256, R. 16. 




• § 260. 


/ § 210, R. 1. 




m § 205, R. 8. 




■ § 162, 7 


' § 83, 2. 




n § 222. 







FABLES FROM ^SOP. 40 

ejus a pennarumque nit5rem laudasset, Pol, inquit, te 
avium 1 regem esse dicer em, c si cantus pulchritudini d tuce 
responderet. c Turn ille laudibus vulpis inflatus etiam 
cantu se valere demonstrare voluit. Ita vero* e rostro 
aperto caseus delapsus est, quern vulpes arreptum devo 
ravit. 

Haec fabula docet, vitandas 7 esse adulatorum voces, qui 
blanditiis suis nobis ff insidiantur. 

40. Leo. 

Societatem junxerant leo, juvenca, capra, ovis. Prae- 
da* autem, quam c&perant, in quatuor partes aequales 
divisa, leo, Prima, ait, mea est;* debetur* enim hcec 
prcestantice mece. Tollam et secundam, quam meretur 
robur meum. Tertiam vindicat sibi 1 egregius labor metis. 
Quartam qui sibi arrogare voluerit, J is k sciat, 1 se habi- 
turum™ me inimicum sibi" Quid facerent irabecilles 
bestiae, aut quae f sibi leonem infestum habere vellet ? ° 

41. Mus et Rusticus. 

Mus a rustico* in* caricarum acervo deprehensus tam 
acri morsu ejus digitos vulneravit, ut r ille eum dimitteret, 
dicens : Nihil, mehercule, tam pusillum est, quod de salute 
desperdre debeat* modo se defendere et vim depulsdre veliU 





* What 


is the subject of this verb 


? 




t Supply bestia. 




° § 208, (6.) 




*§ 257. 


§ 260. 


& § 83, 2. 




* § 208. 


p § 248, 1. 


e § 261, 1. 




i § 266, 1. 


* § 279, 10. 


<* § 223. 




* § 206, (3,) (a.) 


r § 262, R. 1. 


• $279,3. 




1 § 260, R. 6. 


• § 264, 1. 


/ § 274, R. 8. 




m § 270, R. 3. 


• § 263 2 


*§ 224. 




n § 222. 





46 



FABLES FROM JESOP. 



42. Vultur et Avicul^:. 



Vultur aliquando aviculas invitavit a ad convivium, quod 
illis daturus esset b die c natali suo. Quae quum ad tempus 
adessent, eas carpere et occidere, epulasque sibi de invitatis 
instruere coepit. 

43. Ran^:. 

Ranae laetabantur, quum nuntiatum esset Solem uxorem 
duxisse/ Sed una ceteris* prudentior, O vos f stolidos, 
in quit; nonne meministis, g quant opere nos scepe unius 
Solis cBstus excruciet 1 k Quid igitur Jiet, quum liberos 
etiam procreaverit ? * 

44. Ran^: et Jupiter. 

Ranae aliquando regem sibi a Jove y petivisse dicuntur. 
Quarum ille preclbus exoratus trabem ingentem in lacum 
dejecit. Ranae sonitu perterritae primum refugere/ deinde 
vero trabem in aqua natantem conspicatae magno cum 
contemptu* in ea consederunt, aliumque sibi novis clamor- 
ibus regem expetiverunt. Turn Jupiter earum stultitiam 
puniturus™ hydrum illis misit, a quo n quum plurimae captae 
perirent, sero eas stolidarum precum poenituit. 

45. Lupi et Past5res. 

Quum Philippus, rex Macedonia?, cum Atheniensibus 
fcedus initurus esset ea conditi5ne,° ut orat5res suos 



• § 145, IV. 


/ § 238, 2. 


* § 209, R. 5. 


* § 266, 3. 


* § 183, 3, N. 


1 § 247, R. 3. 


c § 253. 


* § 265. 


m § 274, R. 6. 


* § 272. 


* § 145, VI. 


w § 248, 1. 


• §256. 


/ § 85. 


§ 249 II. 



FABLES FROM JESOP. 47 

ipsi a traderent, Demosthenes populo narravit fabulam, 
qua iis b callidum regis consilium ante oculos poneret.' 
Dixit enim lupos quondam cum pastoribus pactos esse/ 
se nunquam in posterum* greges esse impugnaturos, si 
canes ipsis dederentur. Placuisse stultis pastoribus con- 
ditionem ; sed quum lupi caulas excubiis f nudatas vidis- 
sent, eos^ impetu facto h omnem gregem dilaniasse. 

46. PlJER MENDAX. 

Puer oves pascens crebro per lusum magnis clamoribus 
Dpem rustic5rum imploraverat, lupos gregem suum aggres- 
sos esse fingens. Ssepe autem frustratus eos, qui auxilium* 
laturi^ advenerant, tandem lupo re vera irruente, multis cum 
lacrymis k vicinos orare coepit, ut sibi l et gregi m subvemrent. 
At illi eum pariter ut antea ludere n existimantes preces 
ejus et lacrymas neglexerunt, ita ut lupus libere in oves 
grassaretur, plurimasque earum^ dilaniaret. 

47. Corvus. 

Corvus, qui caseum forte q repererat, gaudium alta voce r 
significavit. Quo 5 sono r allecti plures corvi famelici 
advolaverunt, # impetuque in ilium facto, oplmam ei f 
dapem eripuerunt. 





* Supply ad eum. 




a § 223. 


* § 257. 


§ 274, 2. 


b § 211, R. 5, (1.) 


* § 274, 1. 


* § 212. 


c § 264, 5. 


J § 274, 6. 


• § 192, I. 3. 


* § 272. 


* § 247, R. 3. 


r § 247. 


• § 205, R. 7, (1.) 


1 § 208, (1.) 


• § 206, (17.) 


/§ 251. 


OT § 224. 


' § 224, R. 2 


' § 278. 


n § 268. 





48 FABLES FROM iESOP. 

48. CoRNIX ET COLUMBA. 

Cornix Columbae gratulabatur" fcecunditatem, quod 
singulis mensibus pullos excluderet. 6 At ilia, Ne mei, 
inquit, doloris causam commemores. Nam quos d pullos 
educo, eos dominus raptos aut ipse corriedit, out aliis 
comedendos 6 vendit. Ita mihi mea fcecuncfatas novum 
semper luctum parit. 

49. Leo, Asinus, et Vulpes. 

Vulpes, asinus, et leo venatum 7 iverant/ Ampla 
pneda facta, leo asmum illam partiri jubet.* Qui quum 
singulis singulas partes poneret aequales, leo eum correptum 
dilaniavit, et vulpeculae partiendi* negotium tribuit. Ilia 
astutior leoni^ partem maximam apposuit, sibi vix mini- 
mam reservans particulam. Turn leo subridens ejus 
prudentiam laudare, et unde hoc didicerit* interrogare, 
coepit. Et vulpes, Hujus me, inquit, calamitas docuit,* 
quid minor es potentioribus debeant. k 

50. Muscje. 
Effusa mellis copia est : Muscae advolant : f 
Pascuntur. At mox impeditis cruribus 
Revolare 2 nequeunt. m Hen miseram, inquiunt, vicem ! n 



* What is the accusative of the " thing" after docuit? 
t Supply ad met. 

a § 223, and (1.) / § 276, II. * § 265. 

* § 266, 3. s § 209, R. 12. " § 271. 

e § 260, R. 6. * § 273,2. m § 182, 3. 

<* § 206, (3.) * § 275, III., R. 1. n § 238, 2. 

• § 274, R. 7. •> § 224. 



FABLES FROM ^SOP. 49 

Cibus iste blandus, qui pellexit suaviter, 
Nunc fraudulentus qudm crudeliter necat ! 
Perf ida voluptas fabula hac depingitur 

51. Cancer. 

Mare cancer olim deseruit, in litore 
Pascendi" cupidus. Vulpes hunc simul adspicit 
Jejuna, simul accurrit,* et praedam capit. 
Nee, dixit ille, jure plector, qui, salo h 
Quum fuerim natus, voluerim solo ingredi ! 

Suus unicuique d prcefinitus est locus, 
Quern praeterire sine periclo non licet.* 

52. Culex et Taurus. 

In cornu tauri parvulus quondam culex 
Consedit; seque 7 dixit, mole si sua 
Eum* gravaret, avolaturum h illico. 
At ille : * Nee te considentem semeram. 

53. De Vitus Hominum. 

Peras imposuit Jupiter nobis duas : 
Propriis repletam f vitiis post tergum dedit, 
Alienis ante pectus suspendit gravem.j" 

Hac re videre nostra mala non possumus ; 
Alii simul delinquunt, censores sumus. 

* Supply ad eum. t Supply peram. 

• § 275, III., R. 1. * § 279, 14. * § 208, (6.) 

» § 254, R. 3. • § 273, 4. * § 270, R. 3. 

9 § 264, 8. / § 272. * § 229, R. 3, 2 
5 



MYTHOLOGY 



1. Cadmus, Agenoris nlius,° quod draconem, Martis 
filium, fontis cujusdam in Boeotia custodem, occiderat, 
omnem suam prolem interemptam vidit, et ipse cum 
Harmonia, 6 uxore sua, in Ulyriam fugit, ubi ambo* in 
dracones conversi sunt. 

2. Amycus, Neptuni filius, rex Bebiyciae, pmnes, qui 
in ejus regna venissent,* cogebat caestibus secum conten- 
dere, et victos occidebat. Hie quum Argonautas ad cer- 
tamen provocasset/ Pollux cum eo contendit, et eum in- 
terfecit. 

3. Otos et Ephialtes, Aloei filii/ mira magnitudine 7 
fuisse* dicuntur. Nam singulis mensibus* novem digitis* 
crescebant. Itaque quum essent^ annorum novem/ in 
ccelum ascendere sunt conati. Hue sibi aditum sic facie- 
bant/ ut montem Ossam super Pelion ponerent, aliosque 
prseterea montes exstruerent. Sed Apollmis sagittis inter- 
empti sunt. 

4. Daedalus, Euphemi filius, artifex peritissimus, ob 

ft § 204. * § 204, R. 5. * § 236. 

* § 249, III. / § 211, R. 6. I § 145, II. 

* § 264, 12. * § 211, R. 8, (2.) * § 205, R. 2, (1.) 

* § 263, 5, R. 2. * § 253. 



MYTHOLOGY. 51 

caedem Athenis* commissam in Cretam 6 abiit ad regera 
Minoem. Ibi labyrinthum exstruxit. A Minoe c aliquando 
in custodiam conjectus, sibi et Icaro filio alas cera d aptavit, 
et cum eo* avolavit. Dum Icarus altius 7 evolabat, cera 
solis calore calefacta, in mare decidit, quod ex eo Icarium 
pelagus^ est appellatum. Daedalus autem in Siciliam 
pervenit. 

5. iEsculapius, Apollmis filius, medicus praestantissi- 
mus, Hippolyto, Thesei filio, vitam reddidisse dicitur. Ob 
id facinus Jupiter eum fulmine percussit. Turn Apollo, 
quod filii mortem in Jove ulcisci non poterat, Cyclopes, 
qui fulmina fecerant, interemit. Ob hoc factum, Apol- 
linem Jupiter Admeto, regi Thessaliae, in servitutem 
dedit. 

6. Alcestim,* Pelise filiam, quum multi in matrimonium 
peterent, Pelias promisit, se* filiam ei esse daturum, qui 
feras currui junxisset/ Admetus, qui earn perdite ama- 
bat, Apollmem rogavit, ut se in hoc negotio adjuvaret. 
Is quum ab Admeto, dum ei* serviebat, liberaliter esset 
tractatus, aprum ei et lednem currui junxit,' quibus ille 
Alcestim avexit. Idem gravi morbo implicitus, munus ab 
Apolline accepit, ut praesens periculum eflugeret, si quis 
sponte pro eo moreretur. 771 Jam quum neque pater, neque 
mater Admeti pro eo mori voluissent, n uxor se Alcestis 
morti obtulit, quam Hercules forte adveniens Orci mani- 
bus eripuit et Admeto reddidit. 

7. Cassiope filiae suae Andromedae formam Nerei'dum 



a § 254. 


/ § 256, R. 9. 


* § 223, R. 2 


*> § 237, R. 5. 


* § 210. 


* § 227. 


« § 248, 1. 


^ § 80, 1.,E.2. 


m § 260, II 


<*§ 247. 


* § 266, 2. 


n § 209, R. 12. 


• § 249, III. 


/ § 266, R. 4. 


§ 224, R. 2 



52 MYTHOLOGY. 

formse anteposuit. a Ob hoc crimen illae a Neptuno 6 
postulaveiunt,* ut Andromeda ceto immani, qui oras 
populabatur, objiceretur/ Quae quum ad saxum alligata 
esset, Perseus ex Libya, ubi Medusam occiderat, advolavit, 
et, bell u a d devicta et interempta, Andromedam liberavit. 

8. Quam quum abducere vellet victor, Agenor, cui 
antea desponsata fuerat, Perseo insidias struxit, ut eum 
interficeret, sponsamque eriperet. Hie, re c cognita, caput 
Medusas msidiantibus ostendit, quo viso,f omnes in saxi 
mutati sunt. Perseus autem cum Andromeda f in patriam 
rediit. 

9. Ceyx, Hesperi filius, quum in naufragio periisset, 
Alcyone, conjugis morte audita, se in mare praecipitavit. 
Turn de5rum misericordia ambo in aves sunt mutati, quae 
Alcyones appellantur. Hae aves pariunt hiberno tempore. 
Per illos dies^ mare tranquillum esse dicitur ; unde nautae 
tranquillos et serenos dies Alcyoneos appellare solent. 

10. Tantalus, Jo vis filius, tarn cams fait diis, A ut 
Jupiter ei consilia sua concrederet,* eumque ad epulas 
deorum admitteret. At ille, qua^ apud Jovem audiverat, 
cum mortalibus communicabat. Ob id crimen dicitur* 
apud inferos in aqua collocatus esse, semperque sitire. 
Nam, quoties haustum aquae sumpturus z est, aqua recedit. 
Turn etiam poma ei m super caput pendent; sed, quoties 
ea decerpere conatur, rami vento moti recedunt. Alii 

* What is the accusative of the " thing " ? § 231, R. 3. 
t What does this ablative absolute denote ? § 257. 

• § 2S4. > § 249, III. * § 206, (4.) 

* § 231, R. 2. g § 236, R. 5. * § 271, R. 2. 

• § 273, 2. * § 53. * § 274, R. 6. 

* § 257. * § 145, II. 1. m § 211, R. 5 ft. 

e §257, R. 5. 



MYTHOLOGY. 53 

saxum ejus capiti a impendere dicunt, cujus ruinam timens 
perpetuo metu cruciatur. 

11. In nuptiis Pelei et Thetidis omnes dii invitati 
erant praeter Discordiam. Haec ira comm5ta malum misit 
in medium, cui a inscripta erant verba : Pulcherrima me 
habeto. Turn Juno, Venus et Minerva illud simul 
appetebant; magnaque inter eas discordia exorta, Jupiter 
Mercurio 6 imperat, ut deas ad Paridem, Priami filium, 
duceret, c qui in monte Ida greges pascebat; hunc earum 
litem dirempturum esse/ Huic c Juno, si se pulcherrimam 
judicasset/ omnium terrarum regnum est pollicita; Mi- 
nerva ei splendidam inter homines famam promisit ; 
Venus autem^ Helenam/ Ledae et Jovis filiam, se* ei in 
conjugium dare- 7 spopondit. Paris, hoc dono* prioribus" 
anteposito, Venerem pulchernmam esse judieavit. Postea 
Veneris hortatu Lacedaemonem l profectus, Helenam con- 
jugi 7 * suo n Menelao eripuit. Hinc bellum Trojanum 
originem cepit, ad quod tota fere Graecia, duce Agamem- 
none, Menelai fratre, profecta est. 

12. Thetis, Pelei conjux, quum seiret Achillem filium 
suum cito periturum esse, si Graecorum exercitum ad 
Trojam sequeretur/ eum misit in insiilam Scyron, regique 
Lycomedi commendavit. Ille eum muliebri habitu p inter 
filias suas servabat. Graeci autem quum audivissent eum 
ibi occultari/ unus e5rum r Ulysses, rex Ithacae, in regio* 
vestibulo munera feminea* in calathiscis posuit, simulque 



a § 224. 


* § 229. 




§ 257, R. 7. 


& § 223, R. 2. 


* § 239. 




* § 241, R. 4. 


c § 273, 2. 


J § 272. 




* § 268. 


d § 270, R. 2. 


* § 257. 




r § 212. 


•-§ 223. 


i § 237. 




• § 211, R. 4. 


/ § 266, R. 4. 


m § 224, 


R. 2. 


■ § 260, II 


s § 279, 3. 


n § 208, 


(7.) 





5* 



54 MYTHOLOGY. 

clypeum et hastam, mulieresque advocari jussit." Quae 
dura omnia contemplabantur, subito tubicen cecmit; quo 
sono audito, Achilles arma arripuit. Unde eum 6 virum c 
esse intellectum est. 

13. Quum totus d Graecorum exercitus Aulide' conve- 
nisset, adversa tempestas eos ob iram Dianae retinebat. 
Agamemnon enim/ dux illius expeditions, cervam deae* 
sacram d vulneraverat, superbiusque h in Dianam locutus 
erat. Is quum haruspices con voc asset, responderunt,* 
iram^ deae expiari* non posse, nisi filiam suam Iphige- 
niam ei immolasset. Hanc ob causam Ulysses Argos 
profectus mentitur Agamemnonem filiam Achilli in matri- 
monium promisisse. Sic earn Aulidem* abduxit. Ubi 
quum pater earn immolare vellet, Diana virgin em miserata 
cervam ei m supposuit. Iphigeniam ipsam per nubes 
in terram Tauricam detulit, ibique templi sui sacerdotem n 
fecit. 

14. Troja eversa, quum Graeci domum redire vellent, 
ex Achillis tumulo vox dicitur fuisse audita, quae Graecos 
monebat, ne fortissimum virum sine honore relin querent/ 
Quare Graeci Polyxenam, Priami filiam, quae virgo fuit 
formosissima, ad sepulcrum ejus immolaverunt. 

15. Prometheus, Iapeti filius, primus 2 homines ex luto 
finxit, iisque m ignem e coelo in ferula attulit, monstravit- 
que quomodo cinere obrutum servarent. 7 * Ob hanc rem 
Vulcanus eum in monte Caucasd Jovis jussu clavis ferreis 



a § 273, 2. 


* § 222. 


m § 224. 


& § 269. 


* § 256, R. 9. 


n § 230. 


c § 210. 


* § 209, R. 2, (1,) (*.) 


° § 237, R. 4. 


* § 279, 7. 


J § 266, 2. 


p § 262. 


■ § 254. 


* § 271. 


* § 205, R. 15. 


/ § 279, 3. 


" § 237. 


r § 265. 



MYTHOLOGY. 



55 



alligavit ad saxum, et aquilam ei a apposuit, quae cor 
exederet. 6 Quantum vero interdiu exederat, tantum nocte 
crescebat. Hanc aquilam insequenti tempore Hercules 
transfixit sagittis, Prometheumque liben>.vit. 

16. Pluto, infer5rum deus, a Jove fratre petebat,' ut 
sibi Proserpmam, Jo vis et Cereris filiam, in matrimonium 
daret. Jupiter negavit quidem Cererem d passuram esse, 
ut filia in tenebris Tartari moraretur;* sed fratri permisit, 
ut earn, si posset, raperet. 6 Quare Proserpmam, in nemore 
Ennae in Sicilia flores legentem, Pluto quadrTgis ex terras 
hiatu proveniens rapuit. 

17. Ceres quum nesciret ubi filia esset/ earn per 
totum orbem terrarum quaesivit. In quo itinere ad 
Celeum venit, regem Eleusinidrum, cujus uxor Metanira 
puerum Triptolemum pepererat, rogavitque ut se tanquam 
nutricem in domum reciperent/ Quo facto, quum Ceres 
alumnum suum immortalem reddere vellet, eum interdiu 
lacte divino alebat, noctu clam igne obruebat. Itaque 
mirum in modum crescebat. Quod quum mirarentur 
parentes, earn observaverunt. Qui quum viderent Cere- 
rem puerum in ignem mittere/ pater exclamavit. Turn 
dea Celeum exanimavit; Triptolemo autem currum dra- 
conibus* junctum tribuit, frugesque mandavit, qu-as per 
orbem terrarum vectus disseminaret. 6 

18. Althaga, Thestii filia, ex CEneo peperit Meleagrum, 
Ei Parcas ardentem titi5nem dederunt, praefantes^ Melea- 
grum tarn diu victurum,* quam diu is titio foret l incolumis, 



° § 224. 


• § 273, 4. 


* § 223. 


* § 264, 5. 


/ § 265. 


i § 274, 2. 


c § 145, II. 1. 


* § 273, 2. 


* § 270, R. 3. 


* § 239. 


* § 272, R. 5 


1 § 266.2 



56 



MYTHOLOGY. 



Hunc # itaque Althaea diligenter in area clausum servavit. 
Interim Diana (Eneo a irata quia ei sacra annua non 
fecerat, aprum mira magnitudme h misit, qui agrum Caly- 
donium vastaret. c Quem Meleager cum juvenibus d ex 
omni Graecia, delectis interfecit, pellemque ejus Atalantae 
donavit. Cui e quum Althaeas fratres earn eripere vellent, 
ilia Meleagri auxilium imploravit, qui avunculos occidit. 
Turn Althaea, gravi ira/ in filium commota, titionem 
ilium* fatalem in ignem conjecit. Sic Meleager periit. 
At sordres ejus, dum fratrem insolabiliter lugent, in aves 
mutatae sunt. 

19. Europam, Agenoris filiam, Sidoniam, Jupiter in 
taurum mutatus Sidone h Cretam transvexit, et ex ea, pro- 
creavit Minoem, Sarpedonem, et Rhadamanthum. Hanc 
ut reducerent Agenor filios suos misit, conditione addita, 
ut nee ipsi redirent,f nisi sor5rem invenissent. f Horum 
unus, Cadmus nomine/ quum erraret, Delphos^ venit, 
ibique responsum accepit, bovem praecedentem sequeretur ; l 
ubi ille decubuisset/ ibi urbem conderet. J Quod quum 
faeeret,™ in Boeotiam venit. Ibi aquam n quaerens ad 
fontem Castalium dracdnem in venit, Martis filium, qui 
aquam custodiebat. m Hunc Cadmus interfecit, dentesque 
ejus sparsit et aravit. Unde Sparti enati sunt. Pugna 
inter illos exorta, quinque superfuerunt, ex quibus quinque 
nobiles Theban5rum stirpes origmem duxerunt. 

* Supply titionem. 

t On what proposition does this subjunctive depend ? § 257, R. 1, 

t Connected to sequeretur by et understood. § 278, R. 6. 



° § 222. 


/ § 247, R. 2. 


* § 237. 


& § 211, R. 6. 


* § 207, R. 24. 


' § 262, R. 4. 


e § 264, 5. 


h § 255. 


m § 145, II. 


« § 249, III. 


« § 266, 1. 


n § 274 1 


• § 224, R. 2. 


1 § 250. 





MYTHOLOGY. 57 

20. Quum Bacchus, Jovis ex Semele filius, exercitum 
In Indiam duceret, Silenus ab agmine aberravit. Quem a 
Midas, rex Mygdonise, hospitio 6 liberaliter accepit, eique 
ducem dedit, qui eum ad Bacchum reduceret.* Ob hoc 
beneficium Bacchus Midse optionem dedit, ut quicquid 
vellet c a se peteret.* Me petiit, ut quidquid tetigisset c 
aurum fieret/ Quod quum impetrasset,* quidquid tetige- 
rat aurum fiebat. Primo gavisus est hac virtute' sua; 
mox intellexit nihil f ipsi hoc munere^ perniciosius esse. 
Nam etiam cibus et potio in aurum mutabatur/ Quum 
jam fame cruciaretur, petit a Baccho, ut donum suum 
revocaret.* Quern j Bacchus jussit in flumine Pactolo se 
abluere, quumque aquam tetigisset, facta* est colore 1 
aureo. 

21. Schceneus Atalantam filiam formosissimam dicitur 
habuisse, quae cursu viros superabat. m Hsec quum a 
pluribus n in conjugium peteretur, pater ejus conditionem 
proposuit, ut, qui earn ducere vellet/ prius cursu cum ea 
contenderet ; d si victus esset/ occideretur. d Multos quum 
superasset et interfecisset, tandem ab Hippomene victa 
est. Hie enim a Venere tria mala aurea acceperat. Dum 
currebant, horum unum post alterum projecit, iisque 6 Ata- 
lantae cursum tardavit. Nam dum mala colligit, Hippom- 
enes ad metam pervenit. Huic itaque Schoeneus filiam 
uxorem dedit. Quam quum in patriam duceret, oblitus 
Veneris beneficio se vicisse, grates ei non egit. Hanc 



* 


Why is this verb in the 


subjunctive ? 


a § 206, (17.) 


/ § 272. 


* § 209, R. 2, (1,) (b.) 


6 § 247. 


* § 256. 


1 § 211, R. 6. 


c § 266, 1. 


* § 209, R. 12, (2.) 


m § 145, II. 1. 


<* § 262. 


* § 258, 1. 2, R. 1. 


n § 248, 1. 


• § 245, II. 


/ § 273, 2. 


9 § 268. 



58 MYTHOLOGY. 

ob* causam Hippomenes mutatus est in leonem, Atalanta 
in leaenam. 

22. Nisus, rex Megarensium, in capite crinem purpure- 
um habuisse dicitur, eique praedictum 6 fuit, tarn diu eum 
regnaturum, c quam diu eum crinem custodisset.* Hunc 
Minos, rex Cretensium, bello' aggressus est. Qui quum 
urbem Megaram oppugnaret, Scylla, Nisi filia, amore ejus 
correpta est, et, ut ei victoriam pararet, f patri s dormienti 
fatalem crinem praecidit. Ita Nisus a Minoe victus et 
occisus est. Quum autem Minos in Cretam rediret/ 
Scylla eum rogavit, ut earn secum aveheret/ Sed ille 
negavit Cretam tantum scelus* esse recepturam. Turn 
ilia se in mare praecipitat, navemque persequitur. Nisus 
in aquilam marinam conversus est, Scylla in piscem, quern 
Cirim vocant.* Hodieque, siquando ilia avis hunc piscem 
conspexerit/ mittit se in aquam, raptumque unguibus 
dilaniat. 

23. Amphion, Jovis et Antiopes filius, qui Thebas 
muris cinxit, Nioben, Tantali filiam, in matrimonium 
duxit. Ex qua procreavit filios septem totidemque filias. 
Quern partum Niobe Latonse liberis anteposuit, super- 
biusque* -locuta est in Apollmem et* Dianam. Ob id 
Apollo filios ejus venantes sagittis interfecit, Diana autem 
Alias.' Niobe liberis m orbata in saxum mutata esse dicitur, 
ejusque lacrymae hodieque manare narrantur. Amphion 
autem, quum templum Apollinis expugnare vellet, ab 
Apolline sagittis est interfectus. 

* The crime for the criminal. § 324, 2. 

• § 279, 10. / § 258, 2, and (2.) i § 260. 

6 § 205, R. 8. e § 224. * § 256, R. 9. 

• § 270, R. 3. * § 145, II. 4. ■ § 229, R. 3, 1. 
*§ 266,1. * §230. w §251 

• § 247 



MYTHOLOGY. 59 

24. Phineus," Agenoris filius, ab Apolline futurarum 6 
rerura scientiam acceperat. Quum vero hominibus dedrum 
consilia enuntiaret, # Jupiter eum excaecavit, et immisit 
ei c Harpyias/ quae Jovis canes esse dicuntur, ut cibum 
ab ore ei e auferrent. Ad quern quum Argonautae venis- 
sent, ut eum iter 7 rogarent/ dixit se* illis iter demonstra- 
turum esse/ si eum poena j liberarent. Turn Zetes et 
Calais, Aquilonis filii, qui pennas in capite et in pedibus 
habuisse* dicuntur, Harpyias fugaverunt in insulas Stroph- 
adas, et Phineum poena j liberarunt. 

* What does this imperfect tense denote ? 
a § 293, N. ' § 224, R. 2. * § 266, 2 

* § 162, 19. / § 231. * § 268. 

* § 224. ' § 258 2, and (3.) i § 251. 



d 



§9. 



ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 



1. Thales interrogates # an facta hominum deos* late- 
rent, 6 respondit, ne c cogitataf quidem. 

2. Solon, qui Atheniensibus leges seripsit, dicebat nem- 
inem/ dum viveret,' beatum haberi posse, quod om 
nes ad ultimum usque diem ancipiti fortunae obnoxii 
essent.* 

3. Pythagorae philosophi tanta fuit apud discipulos 
suos auctoritas, ut, quae ab eo audivissent/ ea in dubi- 
tationem adducere non auderent. Rogati autem c ut 
causam redderent^ eorum, quse dixissent/ respondebant, 
Ipsum diooisse. 71 Ipse autem erat Pythagoras. 

4. Bias unus ex septem Sapientibus,\^quum patriam 
Prienen ab hostibus expugnatam et eversam fugeret, 
interrogatus, cur nihil ex bonis * suis secum ferret, 6 Ego 
vero, c respondit, bona mea mecum porto omnia. 

5. Democritus, cui pater ingentes divitias reliquerat, 
omne fere patrimonium' suum civibus donavit, ne* 

* What is the accusative after interrogatus ? § 234, 1, 
t Supply latent. 
a § 232, (2.) ' § 266, 2. * § 212, R. 2, N. 4. 

* § 265. / § 266, 1. i § 100, 6. 

• § 279, 3. * § 273, 2. * § 262. 
«§ 239. * § 268. l § 266,3 



ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 61 

domesticarum remm cura a philosophiae studio avoca- 
retur. 

6. Etiam Crates Thebanus bona sua inter Thebanos 
divisit, nihil sibi servans praeter peram et baculum. Haee 
enim Cynicorum instrumenta erant. A quo consilio quum 
amici et propinqui eum avocare studerent, eos correpto 
baculo" fugavit, nihil pulchrius esse arbitrates, quam ab 
omnibus curis 6 vacuum* uni philosophiae operam dare/ 

7. Anaxagoras, quum a longinqua peregrin ati5ne sci- 
entiae'* augendae causa suscepta in patriam rediisset, agros- 
que suos neglectos et desertos videret, Non essem, e inquit, 
salvus, nisi ista f periissent. 6 

8. Carneades usque ad extremam senectam nunquam 
cessavit a philosophiae studio. Saepe ei accidit,f ut, quum 
cibi d capiendi causa accubuisset, cogitationibus 5 ' inhaerens 
manum ad cibos appositos porrigere oblivisceretur.* 

9. Idem adversus Zenonem Stoicum scripturus caput 
helleboro purgabat/ ne corrupti humores sollertiam et acu- 
men mentis impedirent/ 

10. Anaxagoras philosophus, morte" filii audita, vultu 
nihil k immutato dixit : Sciebam me mortalem genuisse. 

11. ArchytB Tarentmus, quum ab itinere reversus 
agros suos villici socordia neglectos videret, Graviter te 
castigarem, 6 in quit, nisi iratus essem. e 

12. Plato quoque, quum in servum vehementius J exas- 

* Supply horriinem or se. § 269, R. 1. 

t What is the subject of accidit? 

X What peculiar meaning has this comparative ? § 256, R. 9. 

a § 257. • § 261, 1. * § 145, II. 1. 

& § 213, R. 4, (4.) / § 207, R. 25. J § 262. 

c § 278. * § 224. * § 234. 11 

<*§ 275, III., R. I. * § 262, R. 3 

6 



62 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 

sisset, veritus ne a vindictae modum excederet, Speusippo* 
adstanti mandavit, ut de ill! us poena statueret. 

13. Idem discendi d cupiditate* ductus iEgyptum pera- 
gravit, et a sacerdotlbus illius regionis geometriam et as- 
tronomiam didicit. Idem in Italiam trajecit, ut ibi Py- 
thagorae philosophiam et instituta disceret. 

14. Athenienses Socratem damnaverunt, quod novos 
deos introducere videbatur. Protagoram quoque 7 philoso- 
phum, qui ausus s faerat scribere, se ignorare an dii essent,* 
Athenienses ex urbe pepulemnt. 

15. Xanthippe, Socratis uxor, mor5sa admodum fuisse 
fertur. Quam ejus indolem quum perspexisset Alcibiades, 
Socratem interrogavit, quid esset/ quod mulierem tarn 
acerbam et jurgiosam non exigeret* domo.- 7 Turn ille, 
Quoniam, inquit, dum illam domi k perpetior, insuesco, ut 
ceterorum quoque foris petulantiam et injurias facilius 
feram. 

16. Xenocrates philosophus, quum maledicorum quo- 
mndam sermoni* interesset, neque quidquam ipse loque- 
retur,™ interrogatus, cur solus taceret/ respondit: Quia 
dixisse 71 me aliquando pcenituit, tacuisse n nunquam. 

17. Hegesias philosophus in disputatiorlfcus suis mala 
et cruciatus vitae tarn vividis coloribus repraesentabat, ut 
multi, qui eum audiverant, p sponte se occiderent. Quare 
a Ptolemaeo 5 rege ulterius his de rebus disserere est pro- 
hibitus. 



a § 262, R. 7. 


* § 142, 2. 


171 § 278. 


b § 223, R. 2. 


* § 265. 


n § 215, and R. 


c § 273, 2. 


* § 264,7,1. 


° § 229, R. 6. 


d § 275, III., R. 1. 


/ § 255, R. 1. 


p § 145, V. 


• § 247, R. 2. 


* § 221, R. 3. 


« § 248, 1 


/ § 279, 3. 


« § 224. 





ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 63 

18. Gorging Leontino," qui e oquentia 6 et eruditione 
omnes c suae aetatis homines superare existimabatur, uni- 
versa Graecia in templo Apollinis Delphici statuam auream 
collocavit. 

19. Idem, quum annum centesimum septimum ageret, 
interrogates, quapropter tarn diu vellet** in vita remanere, 
respondit: Quia nihil habeo, quod senectutem meant accu- 
sant. 6 

20. Illustrissimi saepe viri hum3i loco 7 nati fuerunt. 
Socrates, quern oraculum Apollinis sapientisslmum omni- 
um hominum ff judicavit, obstetricis filius fuit. Euripides, 
poeta tragicus, matrem habuit, quae olera venditabat; et 
Demosthenis, oratoris eloquentissimi, patrem cultellos ven- 
didisse^ narrant. 

21. Homerus, princeps poetarum Graecdrum, doldre 
absumptus esse creditur, quod quaestionem a piscatoribus 
ipsi propositam solvere non posset.' 

22. Simonides, poeta praestantissimus, gloriatur in quo- 
dam poemate, se y octoginta annos* natum in certamen 
musicum descendisse et victoriam inde retulisse. Idem 
aliquandiu vixit apud Hipparchum, Pisistrati filium, Athe- 
narum tyrannum. Inde Syracusas se contulit ad Hieronem 
regem, cum quo familiariter vixisse dicitur. Primus l car- 
mina statuto pretio m scripsit; quare eum Musam venalem 
reddidisse dicunt. 

23. Quum jEschylus Atheniensis, qui parens 71 tragoe- 
diae dicitur, in Sicilia versaretur, ibique in loco aprico 



° § 223. 


/ § 246. 


* § 236. 


* § 250. 


* § 212. 


" § 205, R. 15. 


e § 279, 7. 


» § 279, 11. 


m § 252. 


<* § 265. 


* § 266,3. 


n § 210 


• § 264, 7, 1 


1 § 272. 





64 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 

sederet, aqulla testudine n glabro ejus capiti a immisit 
quod pro saxo habuit. Quo ictu ille exstinctus est. 

24. Euripides, qui et ipse magnum inter poetas tragi 
cos nomen habet, a coena domum rediens a canibus lacera 
tus est. 

25. Athenienses quondam ab Euripide postulabant, ut 
ex tragcedia sententiam quandam 6 tolleret. . Ille autem in 
scenam 'progressus dixit, se fabulas componere solere, ut 
populum doceret, non ut a populo disceret. 

26. Philippides, comoediarum scriptor, quum in poeta- 
rum certamine praeter spem vicisset, c et ilia victoria im- 
pense gauderet, eo ipso gaudio repente exstinctus est. 

27. Pindarus, poeta Thebanus, Apollini gratissimus 
fuisse dicitur. Quare saspe a sacerdotibus in templum 
Delphicum ad coenam vocabatur, parsque ei tribuebatur 
donorum/ quae sacrificantes' deo obtulerant. Ferunt etiam 
Pana 7 Pindari hymnis ff tantopere fuisse laetatum, ut eos 
in montibus et silvis caneret. Quum Alexander, rex 
Macedonian, Thebas diriperet, unius Pindari domo* et fami- 
liae pepercit. 

28. Diogenes Cynicus Myndum profectus, quum vide- 
ret magnificas portas et urbem exiguam, Myndios monuit, 
ut portas clauderent,' ne urbs egrederetur. 

29. Demosthenes Atheniensis incredibili studio et labore 
eo pervenit, ut, quum-* multi eum ingenio* parum valere 
existimarent, omnes aetatis suae orat5res superaret elo- 
quentia. Nunquam tamen ex tempore dicebat, neque in 
concione volebat assurgere, nisi rem, de qua ageretur,' 



° § 224. 


* § 205, R. 7, (1.) 


* § 218, R. 2. 


* § 207, R. 33. 


/ § 80, I. 


S § 263, 5, R. J 


• § 263, 5. 


* § 245, II. 


* § 250. 


«* § 212. 


* § 223, R. 2. 


^ § 261 1 



ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 65 

accurate antea meditatus esset. a Unde plerique eum 
timidum esse existimabant. Sed in hac re Periclis con- 
suetudinem imitabatur, qui non facile de quaque re dicere, 
nee existimationem suam fortunae committere solebat. 

30. Pericles in concionem iturus, quum animo perpen- 
deret, quantum periculi 6 inconsiderate dicta c hominibus 
afferrent, solebat precari a diis/ ne quod ipsi c verbum 
imprudenti excideret, quod reipublicae officere posset/ 

31. Minos, Cretensium rex, saepe se in speluncam 
quandam conferebat, ibique se cum Jove colloqui legesque 
ab eo accipere dicebat. Etiam Lycurgus Lacedaemoniis* 
persuasit, se leges suas ab Apolline didicisse. 

32. Quum Lycurgus, Lacedaemoniorum legislator, Del- 
phis fe in templum Apollinis intrasset, ut a deo d oraculum 
peteret, Pythia eum his verbis allocuta est: Nescio utrum* 
deus an homo appellandus sis ; sed deus j potius videris esse. 

33. Leonidas, rex Lacedaemoniorum, quum Persae dice- 
rentur sagittarum multitudme solem obscuraturi, respondisse 
fertur : Melius itaque in umbra pugnabimus. 

34. Cyrus omnium sudrum militum nomma memoria 
tenebat. Mithridates autem, rex Ponti, duarum et viginti 
gentium, quae sub regno ejus erant, linguas ita didicerat, 
ut cum omnibus, quibus imperabat, sine interprete loqui 
posset. 

35. Themistocles interroganti,* utrum* Achilles esse 
mallet, an Homerus/ respondit: Tu vero mallesne te in 
Otympico certamine victorem renuntiari, 1 an prceco esse y 
qui victorum nomina proclamat 7 

a § 260, II. e § 224, R. 1. * § 265, R. 2. 

* § 212, R. 3. / § 266, 1. 1 § 210. 

c § 205, R. 7, (2.) * § 223, R. 2. * § 205, R. 7, (1.) 

<*§ 231, R. 2, &4. a § 254. * § 271 
6* 



66 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 

36. Epaminondas, Thebanorum imperator, in bello ad- 
versus Lacedasmonios, animos suorum religione excitan- 
dos a ratus, arma in templis affixa nocte detraxit, persua- 
sitque militibus, quum ilia abesse* viderent, deos iter suum 
sequi/ ut ipsis c proeliantibus adessent. 

37. Idem in pugna ad Mantineam graviter vulneratus 
est. Quum animam recepisset, interrogavit circumstantes 
amicos, an clypeus salvus esset; d deinde, an hostes fusi 
essent. Uli utrumque affirmaverunt. Turn demum 
hastam e corpore eduei jussit. Quo facto 6 statim exspi- 
ravit. 

38. Epaminondas tanta fuit abstinentia/ et integritate, 
ut post plurima bella, quibus Thebanorum potentiam 
incredibiliter e auxerat, nihil in supellectili haberet praeter 
ahenum et veru. 

39. Lysander, dux Lacedaemoniorum, militem quendam 
Y\k K egressum castigabat. Cui dicenti, ad nullius rei rapi- 
nam se ab agmme recessisse, respondit: Ne* speciem qui- 
3 em rapturi J prcebeas k volo. 

40. Iphicrates, dux Atheniensium, quum praesidio teneret 
Corinthum, et sub adventum hostium ipse vigilias circum- 
iret, vigBem, quern dormientem invenerat, hasta transfixit. 
Quod factum* quibusdam* ei m ut saevum exprobrantibus, 
Qualem n invmi, inquit, talem retiqui. 

41. Quum quidam Thrasybulo, qui civitatem Athe- 
niensium a tyrannorum dominatione liberavit, dixisset: 
Quantas tibi gratias Athence debent ! ille respondit : Dii 



° § 270, 


R. 


3. 


/ § 211, R. 6. 




* § 273, 4. 


& § 272. 






* § 192, II. 2. 




1 § 274, 1. 


e § 224. 






* § 242. 




m § § 223 and 274. 


<* § 265. 






« § 279, 3. 




n § 206, (16.) 


• § 257. 






r § 205, R. 7, 


(1.) 





ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 67 

faciant" ut quantas b ipse patrice debeo gratias, tantas ei 
videar retulisse. 

42. Philippus, rex Macedonum, monentibus eum qui- 
busdam, ut Pythiam quendam caveret/ fortem militem, 
sed ipsi* alienatum, quod tres filias aegre aleret/ nee a 
rege adjuvaretur, dixisse fertur: Quid I s si partem cor- 
poris haierem h cegram, abscinderem potius, an curareml 
Deinde Pythiam ad se vocatum, accepta difficultate rei 
domestical, pecunia* instruxit. Quo facto nullum rex 
militem Pythia/ fideliorem habuit. 

43. Mulier quaedam ab e5dem Philippo, quum a con- 
vivio temulentus* recederet, damnata, A. Philippo, inquit, 
temulento ad Philippum sobrium provoco. 

44. Philippus, rex Macedonia^ praedicare* solebat, se 
oratonbus Atheniensium maximam gratiam habere. 77 * 
Nam conviciis suis, in quit, effeciunt, ut quotidie melior n 
evadam, dum eos dictis factisque mendacii p arguere 
conor. 

45. Ejusdem regis epistola fertur scripta ad Aristotelem 
philosophum, qua filium sibi ? natum esse nuntiavit. Erat 
ilia epistola verbis concepta fere his : Filium mihi q gerii- 
tum esse scito. r Quod s equidem diis habeo gratiam : non 
tarn quod natus est, quam quod ei configit nasci tempori- 
bus vitce tuce. Spero enim fore, 1 ut a te eduedtus et 
eruditus dignus evadat et nobis u et rebus, quas ipsi 
relicturi sumus. 



■ § 260, R. 6. 


* § 261, 1. 


§ 247. 


& § 206, (16.) 


« § 249. 


p § 217. 


c § 273, 1. 


i § 256. 


* § 223. 


* § 273, 2. 


* § 128, 4. 


r § 162, 4. 


• § 224, R. 2. 


* § 271. 


* § 206, (14.; 


/ § 266, 3. 


m § 272. 


« § 268, R. 4 


*§229,R. 3,2. 


• § 210, R. 1. 


tt § 244 



68 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 

46. Alexander Macedo, Philippi filius, quum puer a 
praecept5re suo audivisset innumerabiles mundos esse, 
Heu me a miserum, inquit, qui ne uno h quidem adhuc 
pofxtus sum! 

47. Quum Alexander quondam Macedonum quorun- 
dam benevolentiam largitionlbus sibi conciliare conatus 
esset, Philippus eum his verbis increpuit: Sperasne eos 
tibi c fideles esse futuros, quos pecunid tibi conciliaveris 1 d 
Scito amorem non auro emi sed virtutibus. 

48. Alexandra 8 Macedoni, Asia/ debellata, Corinthii 
per legatos^ gratulati sunt, regemque civitate* sua dona- 
verunt. Quod officii genus quum Alexander risisset, 
unus ex legatis, Nulli unquam, in quit, civitatem dedimus 
alii quam tibi l et Herculi. Quo audito, Alexander hono- 
rem sibi delatum lubentissime accepit. 

49. Quum Alexander Graeciae populis* imperasset, ut 
divinos ipsi honores decernerent/ Lacedsemonii his verbis 
utebantur: Quoniam Alexander deus esse voluit, esto k 
deus ; Laconica brevitate regis notantes vecordiam. 

50. Lysimachus, rex Thraciae, Theoddrum Cyrenaeum, 
virum libertatis* amantissimum et regiae dominationi ° infes- 
tum, cruci affigi jussit. Cui ille, Hujus modi minis, in- 
quit, purpuratos tuos terreas.™ Med n quidem nihil 
interest, humine p an sublime putrescam. 

51. Mausolus, rex Cariae, Artemisiam habuit conju- 
gem. Haec, Mausolo defuncto, ossa cineremque maritj 



° § 238, 2. 


* § 247, R. 4. 


1 § 213. 


* § 245, 1. 


* § 249, I. 


m § 260, R. 6. 


c § 222. 


* § 278. 


n § 219, R. 1. 


* § 266, 2. 


/ § 273, 2. 


° § 214, N. 3. 


e § 223, R. 2. 


* § 267. 


* § 221, 1., R. 3 


' § 257. 







ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 69 

contusa et odoiibus a mixta cum aqua potabat. Extruxit 
quoque, ad conservandam ejus memoriam, sepulcrum illud 
nobilissimum, ab ejus nomine appellatum, quod inter sep- 
tem orbis terrarum miracula numerator. Quod quum 
Mausoli manibus dicaret, certamen instituit, praemiis 
amplissimis ei propositis, qui defunctum regem optime 
laudasset. 6 

52. Dionysius, qui a patre Syracusarum et paene totius 
Siciliae tyrannidem acceperat, senex patria c pulsus Corin- 
thi d pueros litteras docuit.' 

53. Mithridates, rex Ponti, saepe venenum hauserat, nt 
sibi a clandestinis caveret insidiis. Hinc factum est, ut, 
quum a Pompeio superatus mortem sibi consciscere vellet, 
ne velocissima quidem venena ei nocerent/ 

54. Quum Gyges, rex Lydiae ditissimus, oraculum 
Apollinis interrogaret, an quisquam mortalium^ se esset* 
felicior, deus, Aglaiim quendam Psophidium felici5rem, 
prasdicavit. Is autem erat Arcadum pauperrimus, parvuli 
agelli possessor, cujus terminos quamvis senex nunquam 
excesserat, fructibus^ et voluptatibus angusti ruris contentus. 

55. Pyrrhus, rex Epiri, quum in Italia esset, auiivit, 
Tarentmos quosdam juvenes in convivio parum honorif ice 
de se locutos esse. Eos igitur ad se arcessitos percunc- 
tatus est, an dixissent * ea, quae ad aures suas pervenissent.* 
Turn unus ex his/ Nisi, in quit, vinum nobis defecisset, 
multo k etiam plura et graviora in te locuturi eramus. 1 
Haec criminis excusatio iram reds in risum convertit. 



* 


Why is 


this verb in the subjunctive ? . 


a § 245, II. 




• § 231. * § 266, 1. 


6 § 266, 3. 




/ § 262, R. 3. S § 212, N. 4. 


e § 251 




* § 212. * § 256, R. 16. 


* § 221, 1. 




* § 244. * § 274, R. 6 



70 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 

56. Marsyas, frater Antigoni, regis Macedonia^ quum 
causam haberet cum privato quodam, fratrem rogavit, ut 
de ea domi cognosceret. At ille, In foro potius* inquit. 
Nam si culpa a vacas, innocentia tua ibi melius apparebit ; 

. sin damnandus es, nostra justitia.* 

57. Clara sunt apud Catanenses nomina fratrum Anapi h 
et Amphinomi, 6 qui patrem et matrem humeris per 
medios c ignes iEtnse portarunt, eosque cum vitse suae peric- 
tilo e flammis eripuerunt. 

58. Spartanus quidam quum rideretur, quod claudus in 
pugnam iret/ At mihi, e inquit, pugnare/ non fugere est 
propositum. 

59. Spartanus quidam in magistrates petitione ab aemu- 
lis victus, maximae sibi laetitiae esse/ dixit, quod patria sua* 
se* meliores cives haberet/ 

60. Quum homo quidam, qui diu in uno pede stare 
didicerat, Lacedaemonio cuidam dixisset, se non arbitral! 
Lacedaemoniorum y quemquam tamdiu idem facere posse, 
ille respondit : At anseres te # diutius. 

61. Diagoras Rhodius, quum tres ejus filii in ludi& 
Olympicis vict5res renuntiati essent, tanto affectus est 
gaudio,* ut in ipso stadio, inspectante populo, in fili5rum 
mambus animam redderet. 

62. Scipio Africanus nunquam ad negotia publica acce- 
debat, antequam in templo Jovis precatus esset. z 

63. Scipio dicere solebat, hosti non solum dandam w 





* What is to be supplied ? 




a § 250. 


/ § 269. 


/ § 212. 


* § 204, R. 10. 


e § 227. 


* § 249,1.. 


e § 205, R. 17. 


* § 208, (1.) 


« § 263, 3. 


* § 266, 3. 


■ § 256. 


m § 274, R. 8 


• § 224 







ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 71 

esse viam fugiendi, sed etiam muniendam. Similiter 
Pyrrhus, rex Epiri, fugienti hosti" pertinaciter instandum 
esse 6 negabat ; non solum, ne fortius ex necessitate 
resisteret,* sed ut postea quoque facilius acie c cederet, 
ratus victores fiigientibus non usque ad perniciem instatu- 
ros esse. 

64. Metellus Pius, in Hispania bellum gerens interro- 
gatus, quid postero die factiirus esset?* Tumcam meam, 
inquit, si id eloqui posset* comburerem. d 

65. L. Mummius, qui, Corintho capta, totam Italiam 
tabulis 6 statuisque exornavit, ex tantis manubiis 7 nihil in 
suum usum convertit, ita ut, eo defuncto, non esset* unde 
ejus filia dotem acciperet/ Quare senatus ei ex publico 
dotem decrevit. 

66. Scipio Africanus major Ennii poetae imaginem in 
sepulcro gentis Corneliae collocari jussit, quodf Scipi5num 
res gestas carminibus suis illustraverat. 

67. M. Cato, Cat5nis Censorii filius, in acie cadente 
equo prolapsus, quum se recollegisset,* animadvertissetque 
gladium excidisse' 1 vagina, 1 rediit y in hostem : acceptisque 
aliquot vulneribus, recuperato demum gladio ad suos 
reversus est. 

68. Q. Metellus Macedonicus in Hispania quinque 
cohortes, quae hostibus 4 cesserant, testamentum facere 
jussas ad locum 1 recuperandum misit ; minatus eos 
nonnisi post victoriam receptum iri. 

* Why is this verb in the subjunctive ? 

t Is the writer answerable for the validity of this reason ? § 266, 3 
° § 224. e § 249, 1. * § 242. 

*> § 239, R. 3. / § 212, N. 4. i § 182, R. 3. 

c § 255, R. 3. * § 264, 6. * § 223. 

* § 261, 1. * § 268. l § 275, III. R. 3 



72 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 






69. Publius Decius consul/ quum in bello contra 
Latinos Romanorum aciem cedentem videret, capite pro 
reipublicae salute devoto, in medium hostium agmen irruit, 
et magna strage edita plurimis telis obrutus cecidit. Haec 
ejus mors RomunSrum aciem restituit, iisque victoriam 
paravit. 

70. L. Junius Brutus, qui Romam a regibus liberavit, 
filios suos, qui Tarquinium regem expulsum restituere 
conati erant, ipse capitis 6 damnavit, eosque virgis csesos 
securi c percuti jussit. d 

71. Q. Marcius Rex consul, quum filium unicum, juve- 
nem summse pietatis 6 et magnse spei, morte amisisset, 
dolorem suum ita coercuit, ut a rogo adolescentis protenus 
curiam peteret, ibique muneris sui negotia strenue obiret. 

72. In bello Romanorum cum Perseo, ultimo Mace- 
donia rege, accidit/ ut serena nocte subito luna deficeret 
Hasc res ingentem apud milites terrSrem excitavit, qui 
existimabant hoc oraine futuram cladem portendi. # Turn 
vero Sulpicius Gallus, qui erat in eo exercitu, in concione 
militum causam hujus rei tam diserte exposuit, ut postero 
die omnes intrepido ammo pugnam committerent. 

73. L. Siccius Dentatus ob insignem fortitudmem 
appellatus est Achilles Romanus. Pugnasse is dicitur 
centum et viginti proeliis f cicatrlcem aversam nullam, 
adversas quinque et quadraginta tulisse ; coronis' 1 esse 
donatus aureis duodeviginti, obsidionali una, muralibus 
tribus, civicis quatuordecim, torquibus tribus et octoginta, 
armillis plus centum sexaginta, hastis duodeviginti. Phal- 

* What time is denoted by this verb ? § 268. 

a § 279, 9. d § 273, 2. * § 254, R. 3. 

6 § 217, R. 3. < § 211, R. 6. * § 249, R. 1 

' § 79, 3, and 82, E. 3. / § 262, R. 3 



ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 73 

eris idem donatus est quinquies viciesque. Triumphavit 
cum imperatoribus suis triumphos a novem. 

74. Hannibalem in Italiam proficiscentem tria millia & 
Carpetandrum reliquerunt. Quorum exemplum ne ceteri 
quoque barbari sequerentur, edixit eos a se esse dimissos, 
et insuper in fidem ejus rei alios etiam, quorum fides ipsi c 
suspecta erat, domum remisit. 

75. Hannibal quum elephantos compellere non posset, 
ut praealtum flumen transirent, neque rates haberet, quibus 
eos trajiceret/ jussit ferocissimum elephantorum sub aure 
vulnerari, et eum, qui vulnerasset/ se in flumen conjicere 
illudque tranare. Turn elephantus exasperatus ad perse- 
quendum doloris sui auctorem tranavit amnem/ et reliqui 
quoque eum secuti sunt. 



• § 232, (1.) 

* § 118, 6 

7 


e § 222. 
d § 264, 5. 


* § 266, 2. 
/ § 233. 



AN EPITOME OF ROMAN HISTORY 

FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO 
THE EMPERORS. 



LIBER PRIMUS. 



1. Antiq,uissimis temponbus Saturnus in Italiam 
venisse dicitur. Ibi haud procul a Janiculo arcem 
condidit, eamque Saturniam appellavit. Hie Italos pri- 
mus* agriculturam docuit. 6 

2. Postea Latinus in illis regionibus imperavit. Sub 
hoc rege Troja in Asia eversa est. Hinc iEneas, Anchi- 
sae filius, cum multis Trojanis/ quibus d ferrum Graecorum 
pepercerat, aufugit, et in Italiam pervenit. Ibi Latinus 
rex ei benign e recepto filiam Laviniam in matrimonium 
dedit. iEneas urbem condidit, quam in honorem conjugis 
Lavinium' appellavit. 

3. Post iEneae mortem Ascanius, iEneae filius, reg- 
num accepit. Hie sedem regni in alium locum transtulit, 
urbemque condidit in monte Albano, eamque Albam 6 
Longam nuncupavit. Eum secutus est Silvius, qui 
post iEneae mortem a Lavinia genitus erat. Ejus 

a § 205, R. 15. « § 249, III. ■ § 230. 

* § 231. d § 223, R. 2. 



LIBER I. 75 

posten omnes usque ad Romam conditam* Alb«e & regna 
verunt. 

4. Unus horum regum, Romulus Silvius, se Jove* 
majorem esse dicebat/ et, quum tonaret, militibus impe- 
ravit, ut clypeos hastis percuterent, dicebatque hunc 
sonum multo clariorem esse quam tomtru. Fulmine 
ictus/ et in Albanum lacum praecipitatus est. 

5. Silvius Procas, rex Albanorum, duos filios rellquit 
Numitorem 7 et Amulium/ Horum minor^ nam/ Amu- 
lius, fratri option em dedit, utrum regnum habere vellet,' 
an bona, quae pater reliquisset.- 7 ' Numitor patema bona 
praetulit ; Amulius regnum obtinuit. 

6. Amulius, ut regnum firmissime possideret, Numito- 
ris filium per insidias interemit, et filiam fratris Rheam 
Silviam Vestalem virgmem fecit. Nam his Vestae sacer- 
dotibus non licet viro* nubere. Sed haec a Marte geminos 
filios Romulum et Remum peperit. Hoc* quum Amu- 
lius comperisset, matrem in vincula conjecit, pueros autem 
in Tiberim abjici jussit. 

7. Forte Tiberis aqua ultra ripam se effiiderat, et, quum 
pueri in vado essent positi, aqua refluens eos in sicco* 
reliquit. Ad eorum vagitum lupa accurrit, eos que uberi- 
bus suis aluit. Quod* videns Faustulus quidam, pastor 
illius regionis, pueros sustulit, et uxori Accae Laurentiae 
nutriendos™ dedit. 

8. Sic Romulus et Remus pueritiam inter past5res 





* Supply loco. 




• § 274, R. 5. 


f § 204, R. 10. 


J § 266, 1. 


» § 221. 


* § 212. 


* § 223, R. 2. 


c § 256. 


* § 250. 


« § 206, (13.) 


d § 145, II. 1. 


■ § 265. 


m § 274, 1, R. 7 


• § 209, R. 4. 







76 



ROMAN HISTORY. 



transegerunt. Quum adolevissent, et forte comperissent, 
quis ipsorum avus, quae mater fuisset," Amulium inter- 
Ate fecerunt, et Numitori avo regnum restituerunt. 
Christum Turn urbem condiderunt in monte Aventino, 
quam Romulus a suo nomine Romam vocavit. 
Haec quum moenlbus circumdaretur, Remus occisus est, 
dum fratrem irridens moenia 6 transiliebat. 

9. Romulus, ut civium numerum augeret, asylum pate- 
fecit, ad quod multi ex civitatlbus suis pulsi accurrerunt. 
Sed novae urbis civibus c conjuges deerant. Festum itaque 
Neptuni et ludos instituit. Ad hos quum multi ex finiti- 
mis populis cum mulieribus et liberis venissent/ Romani 
inter ipsos ludos spectantes virgmes rapuerunt. 

10. Populi illi, quorum virgmes raptae erant, bellum 
adversus rapt5res susceperunt. Quum Romae appropin- 
quarent, forte in Tarpeiam virginem inciderunt, quae in 
arce sacra procurabat. Hanc rogabant, ut viam in arcem 
monstraret,' eique permiserunt, ut munus sibi posceret/ 
Ilia petiit, ut sibF darent/ quod in sinistris manibus 
gererent/ annulos aureos et armillas significans. At 
hostes in arcem* ab ea perducti scutis Tarpeiam obrue- 
runt ; nam et ea in sinistris manibus gerebant. 

11. Turn Romulus cum hoste, qui montem Tarpeium 
tenebat, pugnam conseruit in eo loco, ubi nunc forum Ro- 
manum est. In media^ caede raptae* processerunt, et hinc 
patres hinc conjuges et soceros complectebantur, et roga- 
bant, ut csedis finem facerent. Utrique his precibus 

* Supply mulieres. 

* § 265. • § 273, 2. * § 266, 1. 

& § 233. /§ 273,4. * § 225, IV. 

§ 224, R. 1. ' § 208, (1.) / § 205, R. 17. 

* § 258, 2, (2.) 



LIBER I. 77 

commoti sunt. Romulus foedus icit, et Sabinos in urbem 
recepit. 

12. Postea civitatem descripsit. Centum senat5res 
legit, eosque cum° ob aetatem turn ob reverentiam iis 6 deb- 
ltam patres appellavit. Plebem in triginta curias distrib- 
uit, easque raptarum nominibus nuncupavit. An- 
no regni tricesimo septimo, quum exercitum lus- " " 
traret, inter tempestatem ortam c repente oculis* 
hominum subductus est. Hinc alii eum a senatoribus 
interfectum, alii ad deos sublatum esse existimaverunt. 

13. Post Romuli mortem unlus anni interregnum fait. 
Quo elapso, Numa Pompilius Curibus/ urbe in agro Sabi- 
norum, natus rex creatus est. Hie vir bellum quidem-^ 
nullum gessit ; nee minus tamen civitati profuit. Nam et 
leges dedit, et sacra plurima instituit, ut populi barbari et 
bellicosi mores molliret. Omnia autem, quae faciebat/ se 
nymphae Egeriae, conjugis suae, jussu facere dicebat/ Mor- 
bo decessit, quadragesimo tertio imperii anno. 

14. Numae* successit Tullus Hostilius, cujus 
avus se in bello adversus Sabinos fortem et stren- 81 
uum vimm* praestiterat. Rex creatus bellum Al- 

banis indixit, idque trigemindrum HoratiSrum et Curiatio- 
rum certamme finivit. Albam propter perfidiam Metii 
SufFetii diruit. Quum triginta duobus annis regnasset, 
fulmine ictus cum domo i sua arsit. 

15. Post hunc Ancus Marcius, Numae ex filia 
nepos, suscepit imperium. Hie vir aequitate y et '' 
religione avo* similis, Latinos bello domuit, urbem 

a § 278, R. 7. • § 254. * § 249, III 

6 § 274, 1. / § 279, 3. i § 250. 

c § 274, 3. * § 145, II. 1. * § 222 

d § 224. h 5 230, R. 2. 
7* 



78 ROMAN HISTORY. 

ampliavit, et nova ei moenia circumdedit. Carcerem pri- 
mus aedificavit. Ad Tiberis ostia urbem condidit, Osti- 
amque vocavit. Vicesimo quarto anno imperii morbo 
obiit. 

16. Deinde regnum Lucius Tarquinius Priscus 
137 ' accepit, Demarati filius, qui tyrannos patriae Co- 
rinthi fugiens in Etruriam venerat. Ipse Tar- 
quinius, qui nomen ab urbe Tarquiniis accepit, aliquando 
Romam profectus erat. Advenienti* aquila pileum ab- 
stulit," et, postquam alte evolaverat, reposuit. Hinc 
Tanaquil conjux, mulier auguriorum 6 perita, regnum ei 
portendi intellexit. 

17. Quum Romae commoraretur, Anci regis familiari- 
tatem consecutus est, qui eum filiorum su5rum tutdrem 
reliquit. Sed is pupillis c regnum intercepit. Senatoribus, 
quos Romulus creaverat, centum alios addidit, qui minorum 
gentium** sunt appellati.f Plura bella feliciter gessit, nee 
paucos agros hostibus* ademptos urbis territorio adjunxit. 
Primus triumphans urbem intravit. Cloacas fecit ; Capi- 
tolium inchoavit. Tricesimo octavo imperii anno per Anci 
filios/ quibus a regnum eripuerat, occisus est. 

18. Post hunc Servius Tullius suscepit imperi- 
um, genitus ex nobili femma, 7 captiva tamen et 
famula. Quum in domo Tarquinii Prisci educa- 
retur, flamma in ejus capite visa est. Hoc prodigio Tana- 
quil ei summam dignitatem portendi intellexit, et conjugi 8 
persuasit, ut eum sicuti liberos suos educaret. Quum 
adolevisset, rex ei filiam in matrimonium dedit. 

* Supply ei. t Supply Senatores. 

a §224,R. 2. <*§211,R.6. / § 246, R. 2. 

* § 213. e § 247. R. 4. * § 223, R. 2. 

e § 224. 



LIBER I. 79 

19. Quum Priscus Tarquinius occisus esset, Tanaquil 
de superi5re parte domus populum* allocuta est, dicens ; 
regem grave quidem sed non Utah vulnus accepisse ; turn 
petere, ut popiilus, dum convaluisset* Servio Tullio obedl- 
ret. Sic Servius regnare coepit, sed bene imperium ad- 
ministravit. Montes tres urbi adjunxit. Primus omnium 
censum ordinavit. Sub eo Roma habuit capitum octo- 
ginta tria millia civium Romanorum cum his, qui in agris 
erant. 

20. Hie rex interfectus est scelere filiae Tulliae 

et Tarquinii Superbi, filii ejus regis, cui c Servius 220 * 
successerat. Nam ab ipso Tarquinio de gradibus 
curiae dejectus, quum domum d fugeret, interfectus est. 
Tullia in forum properavit, et prima conjugem regem' salu- 
tavit. Quum domum rediret, aurigam super patris corpus 
in via jacens carpentum agere jussit. 

21. Tarquinius Superbus cognomen moribus meruit. 
Bello tamen strenuus plures finitim5rum populorum 7 vicit. 
Templum Jovis in Capitolio sedificavit. Postea, dum 
Ardeam oppugnabat, urbem Latii, imperium perdidit. 
Nam quum filius ejus Lucretiae, nobilissimae feminae, 
conjugi Tarquinii Collatmi, vim fecisset, haec se ipsam^ 
occidit in conspectu mariti, patris, et amicorum, postquam 
eos obtestata fuerat, ut hanc injuriam ulciscerentur. 

22. Hanc ob causam L. Bmtus, Collatmus, 

A U 
aliique nonnulli in exitium 71 regis conjurarunt, popu- " 

l5que i persuaserunt, ut ei portas urbis clauderet. 
Exercitus quoque, qui civitatem Ardeam cum rege oppug- 
nabat, eum reliquit. Fugit itaque cum uxore et liberis 



a § 233. 


<* § 237, R. 4. 


* § 135, 1. 


b § 263, 4. 


e § 230, R. 2. 


h § 235, (2.) 


c § 224. 


/ §>lrl 


« § 223, R. 2. 



80 



ROMAN HISTORY. 



suis. Ita Romae* regnatum 5 est per septem reges annos 
ducentos quadraginta tres. 

23. Hinc consules coepere pro uno rege duo creari, ut, 
si unus malus esset, c alter eum coerceret. Annuum iis 
imperium tributum est, ne per diuturnitatem potestatis 
insolentiores redderentur. Fuerunt igitur anno primo, 
expulsis regibus/ consules L. Junius Brutus, acerrimus 
libertatis vindex, et Tarquinius Collatmus, maritus Lucre- 
tiae. Sed Collatino* paulo post dignitas sublata est. 
Placuerat enim, ne quis ex Tarquiniorum familia Romae 
maneret/ Ergo cum omni patrimonio suo ex urbe migra- 
vit, et in ejus locum Valerius Publicola consul factus est. 

24. Commovit bellum urbi rex Tarquinius. In prima 
pugna Brutus consul, et Aruns, Tarquinii films, sese invi- 
cem occiderunt. Romani tamen ex ea pugna victores 
recesserunt. Brutum Romanae matronae quasi communem 
patrem per annum luxerunt. Valerius Publicola Sp. 
Lucretium, Lucretiae patrem, collegam sibi fecit; qui 
quum morbo exstinctus esset, Horatium Pulvillum sibi col- 
legam sumpsit. Ita primus annus quinque consules habuit. 

25. Secundo quoque anno iterum Tarquinius 

' ' bellum Romanis intulit, Porsena, d rege Etruscorum, 

auxilium ei ferente. In illo bello Horatius Codes 

solus pontem ligneum defendit, et hostes cohibuit, donee 

pons a tergo ruptus esset/ Turn se cum armis in Tiberim 

conjecit, et ad suos transnavit. 

26. Dum Porsena urbem obsidebat, Qu. Mucius Scae- 
vola, juvenis fortis animi^ in castra* hostis se contulit eo 



a § 221, 


I. 






* § 257. 






* § 263, 


— r ■ ■-» 
4 


6 § 209, 


R. 


3, 


(2.) 


• § 224, 


R. 


2 


h § 211, 


R. 6 


c § 260. 








/ § 262. 






* § 225, 


IV. 



LIBER I. 81 

consilio," ut regem occideret. At ibi scribam regis pro 
ipso rege interfecit. Turn a regiis 6 satellitibus comprehen- 
sus et ad regem deductus, quum Porsena eum ignibus 
allatis terreret, dextram c arae d accensae imposuit, donee 
flammis consumpta esset/ Hoc facinus rex miratus juve- 
nem dimisit incolumem. Turn hie quasi beneficium 
referens ait, trecentos alios juvenes in eum conjurasse/ 
Hac re territus Porsena pacem cum Romanis fecit, Tar- 
quinius autem Tusculum se contulit, ibique privatus cum 
uxore consenuit. 

27. Sexto decimo anno post reges exactos/ 
populus Romae h seditionem fecit, questus quod o-n 
tributis et militia a senatu exhauriretur.* Magna 

pars plebis urbem reliquit, et in montem trans Anienem 
amnem secessit. Turn patres turbati Menenium Agrip- 
pam miserunt ad plebem, qui earn senatui conciliaret/ 
Hie iis inter alia fabulam narravit de ventre et membris 
humani corporis; qua populus commotus est, ut in ur- 
bem rediret. Turn primum tribuni plebis creati sunt, qui 
plebem adversum nobilitatis superbiam defenderent/ 

28. Octavo decimo anno post exactos reges, 
Qu. Marcius, Coriolanus* dictus ab urbe Volsc6- 
rum Coriolis, 1 quam m bello ceperat, plebi invisus 

fieri coepit. Quare urbe n expulsus ad Volscos, acerrimos 
Romandrum hostes, contendit, et ab iis dux* exercitus 
factus Romanos ssepe vicit. Jam usque ad quintum mil- 
liarium urbis accesserat, nee ullis civium suorum legati- 

a § 249, II. / § 162, 7. * § 274, 1, and 210. 

& § 211, R. 4. e § 274, R. 5. * § 204. 

c § 207, R. 36. * § 221, 1. m § 206, (9.) 

* § 224. i § 266, 3. n § 242 

e § 263, 4, / § 264, 5 



82 ROMAN HISTORY. 

onibus flecti poterat, ut patriae parceret. Denique Veturia 
mater et Volumnia uxor ex urbe ad eum venerunt ; qua- 
rum fletu et precibus commotus est, ut exercitum remo- 
veret. Quo facto a Volscis ut proditor* occisus esse 
dicitur. 

29. Romani quum adversum Veientes bellum gererent, 
familia Fabiorum sola hoc bellum suscepit. Profecti sunt 
trecenti sex nobilissimi homines, duce 6 Fabio con- 
2 * ' sule. Quum saepe hostes vicissent, apud Creme- 
ram fluvium castra posuerunt. Ibi Veientes dolo c 
usi eos in insidias pellexerunt. In proelio ibi exorto d ora- 
nes perierunt. Unus superfuit ex tanta familia, qui prop- 
ter aetatem puerUem duci non potuerat ad pugnam. Hie 
genus propagavit ad Qu. Fabium Maximum ilium/ qui 
Hannibalem prudenti cunctatione debilitavit. 

30. Anno trecentesimo et altero^" ab urbe con- 
' ' dita decemviri creati sunt, qui civitati leges scri- 

berent/ Hi primo anno bene egerunt; secundo 
autem dombationem exercere coeperunt. Sed quum unus 
eorum Appius Claudius virginem ingenuam, Virginiam, 
Virginii centurionis filiam, corrumpere vellet, pater earn 
occidit. Turn ad milites profugit, eosque ad seditionem 
commovit. Sublata est decemviris 71 potestas, ipsique om- 
nes aut morte aut exilio puniti sunt. 

31. In bello contra Veientanos Furius Camillus 
ogg " urbem Falerios obsidebat. In qua obsidione quum 

ludi literarii magister principum filios ex urbe in 
castra hostium duxisset, Camillus hoc donum non accepit, 
sed scelestum hominem, manibus post tergum vinctis, 



° § 278, R. 1. 


d § 274, 3. 


* § 264, 5. 


^ § 257, R. 7. 


• § 207, R. 24. 


* § 224, R. 2. 


c §245. 


/ § 120, 1. 





LIBER II. 83 

pueris Falerios* reducendum* tradidit ; virgasque iis dedit, 
quibus proditorem in urbem agerent/ 

32. Hac tanta animi nobilitate commoti Falisci urbem 
Romanis tradiderunt. Camillo autem apud Romanof 
crimlni datum d est, quod albis equis triumphasset/ et prae 
dam inique divisisset ; damnatusque 7 ob earn cau- 
sam, et civitate expulsus est. Paulo post Galli ' 
Senones ad urbem venerunt, Romanos apud flu- 
men Alliarn vicerunt, et urbem etiam occuparunt/ Jam 
nihil praeter Capitolium defendi potuit. Et jam presidi- 
um fame laborabat, et in eo h erant/ ut pacem a Gallis auro 
emerent, quum Camillus cum manu militum superveniens 
hostes magno proelio superaret. 



LIBER SECUNDUS. 

1. Anno trecentesimo^ nonagesimo quarto post 
drbem conditam Galli iterum ad urbem accesse- oq 4 " 
rant, et quarto milliario* trans Anienem fluvium 
considerant. Contra eos missus est T. Quinctius. Ibi 
Gallus quidam eximia corporis magnitudme' fortissimum 
Romanorum ad certamen singulare provocavit. T. Man- 
lius, nobilissimus juvenis, provocationem accepit, Galium 
occidit, eumque torque"* aureo spoliavit, quo 71 ornatus erat. 
Hinc et ipse et posteri ejus Torquati appellati sunt. Galli 
fugam capessiverunt. 



° § 237. 


/ § 209, R. 4. 


* § 254, R. 3. 


* § 274. R. 7. 


* § 162, 7. 


' § 211, R. 6 


c §264,5. 


» § 207, R. 22. 


m § 251. 


<*§ 227. 


• § 209, R. 11, (1.) 


w § 249, I. 


6 § 266, 3. 


/ § 120,2. 





84 ROMAN HISTORY. 

2. Novo bello cum Gallis exorto, anno urbis 
A. U. . . 

4 ' 06 ' quadringentesimo sexto, iterum Gallus processit 

robore a atque armis insignis, et provocavit unum ex 
Romanis, ut secum armis decerneret. Turn se M. Vale- 
rius, tribunus militum, obtulit; et, quum processisset ar- 
matus, corvus ei & supra dextrum brachium sedit. Mox, 
commissa pugna, hie corvus alis et unguibus Galli oculos 
verberavit. Ita factum est, ut Gallus nullo negotio c a Va- 
lerio interficeretur/ qui hinc Corvini nomen accepit. 

3. Postea Romani bellum gesserunt cum Sam- 

A. U. e . 

4 'o ' nitibus, ad quod 6 L. Papirius Cursor cum honore 
dictatoris profectus est. Qui quum negotii cujus- 
dam causa Romam ivisset, praecepit Q. Fabio 7 Rulliano, 
magistro equitum, quern apud exercitum reliquit, ne pug- 
nam cum hoste committeret. Sed ille occasionem nactus 
felicissime dimicavit, et Samnites delevit. Ob hanc rem a 
dictatore^ capitis' 1 damnatus est. At ille in urbem con- 
fugit, et ingenti fav5re militum et populi liberatus est ; in 
Papirium autem tanta exorta est seditio, ut paene ipse 
interficeretur. 

4. Duobus annis post i T. Veturius et Spurius Postumi- 
us consules bellum adversum Samnites gerebant. Hi a 
Pontio Thelesmo, duce hostium, in insidias inducti sunt. 
Nam ad Furculas Caudinas Romanos pellexit in 
" ' angustias, unde sese expedire non poterant. Ibi 
Pontius patrem suum Herennium rogavit, quid y fa- 
ciendum* putaret.' Ille respondit, aut omnes occidendos m 



a § 250. 


/ § 223, R. 2. 


i § 272. 


b § 211, R. 5, 1. 


* § 248, 1. 


* § 270, R. 3. 


• § 247. 


* § 217, R. 3. 


1 § 265. 


* § 262, R. 3. 


« § 235, R. 4. 


m § 274, R. 8. 


• § 225. IV 







LIBER II. 85 

esse, ut Roman5rum vires frangerentur, aut omnes dimit- 
tendos, ut beneficio obHgarentur. Pontius utrumque con- 
silium improbavit, omnesque sub jugum misit. Samnltes 
denique post bellum undequinquaginta annorum superati 
sunt. 

5. Devictis Samnitibus, Tarentinis bellum in- 
dictum est, quia legatis Romanorum injuriam fecis- .^ ' 
sent. Hi Pyrrhum, Eplri regem, contra Romanos 
auxilium 6 poposcerunt. Is mox in Italiam venit, turn que 
primum Romani cum transmarino hoste pugnaverunt. 
Missus est contra eum consul P. Valerius Laevinus. Hie, 
quum exploratores Pyrrhi cepisset, jussit eos per castra 
duci, tumque dimitti, ut renuntiarent Pyrrho, qusecunque 
a Romanis agerentur. 

6. Pugna commissa, Pyrrhus auxilio elephantorum vi- 
cit. Nox proelio finem dedit. Laevinus tamen per noctem 
fugit. Pyrrhus Romanos mille d octingentos cepit, eosque 
summo honore tractavit. Quum eos, qui in proelio inter- 
fecti fiierant, omnes adversis vulneribus et truci vultu etiam 
mortuos jacere videret, tulisse ad caelum manus dicitur 
cum hac voce : Ego cum taUbus viris brevi orhem terra- 
rum subigerem. 6 

7. Postea Pyrrhus Romam perrexit; omnia ferro igne- 
que vastavit ; Campaniam depopulates est, atque ad Prae- 
neste venit milliario ab urbe octavo decimo. Mox terr5re 
exercitus, qui cum consule sequebatur, in Campaniam se 
recepit. Legati ad Pyrrhum de captivis redimendis 7 
missi honorifice ab eo suscepti sunt; captivos sine pretio 
reddidit. Unum ex legatis, Fabricium, sic admiratus est, 



* § 261,1 and 2, R. 4 
/ § 275, III., R. 4 



°§ 224. 




£ § 266, 1. 


6 § 231. 


8 


d § 120, 2. 



86 ROMAN HISTORY. 

ut ei quartam partem regni sui promitteret, si ad se transi- 
ret f sed a Fabricio contemptus est. 

8. Quum jam Pyrrhus ingenti Romanorum admiratione 
teneretur, legatum misit Cineam, praestantissimum virum, 
qui pacem peteret* ea conditioned ut Pyrrhus earn partem 
Italiae, quam armis occupaverat, obtineret. Romani re- 
sponderunt, eum c cum Romanis pacem habere non posse, 
nisi ex Italia recessisset. Cineas quum rediisset, Pyrrho 
eura interroganti, qualis ipsi Roma visa esset;* respondit, 
se regum patriam vidisse. 

9. In altero** proelio cum rege Epiri commisso Pyrrhus 
vulneratus est, elephanti interfecti, viginti millia hostium 
caesa sunt. Pyrrhus Tarentum fugit. Interjecto anno, 
Fabricius contra eum missus est. Ad hunc medicus 
Pyrrhi nocte venit promittens, se Pyrrhum veneno occisu- 
rum,* si munus ^ibi daretur. Hunc Fabricius vinctum 
reduci jussit ad dominum. Tunc rex admiratus ilium 
dixisse fertur ; Hie f est Fabricius, qui difftcilius ab hones- 
*ate, quam sol a cursu suo averti potest. Paulo post 

Pyrrhus tertio etiam proelio fusus a Tarento reces- 
4 ' 81 ' sit, et, quum in Graeciam rediisset, apud Argos, Pelo- 
ponnesi urbem, interfectus est. 

10. Anno quadringentesimo nonagesimo post 
urbem conditam Roman 5rum exercitus primum in 
Sicilian]/ trajecerunt, regemque Syracusarum Hie- 
ronem, Poenosque, qui multas civitates in ea insula 
occupaverant. superaverunt. Quinto anno hujus 
belli, quod contra Poenos gerebatur, primum Ro- 

* Why is this subjunctive used ? 

t Me is the predicate, " the man," or " one/' 
a § 206,1. c § 266,2. e § 270, R. 3. 

^ § 249, II. *§ 120,1. /§225, IV 



LIBER II. 87 

mani, C. Duillio a et Cn. Comelio Asma consulibus, ki 
mari 6 dimicaverunt. Duillius Carthaginienses vicit, triglnta 
naves occupavit, quatuordecim mersit, septem millia 
hostium cepit, tria millia occidit. Nulla victoria Ro- 
manis gratior fuit. Duillio concessum est, ut, quum 
a coena rediret, pueri funalia gestantes et tibicen eum 
comitarentur. 

11. Paucis annis interjectis, bellum in Africam 
translatum est. Hamilcar, Carthaginiensium dux, ' ' 
pugna navali superatur; nam perditis sexaginta 
quatuor navibus se recepit; Romani viginti duas ami- 
serunt. Quum in Africam venissent, Poenos in pluribus 
prosliis vicerunt, magnam vim homlnum ceperunt, septua- 
ginta quatuor civitates in fidem acceperunt. Turn victi 
Carthaginienses pacem a Romanis d petierunt. Quam 
quum M. Atilius Regulus, Roman5rum dux, dare nollet 
nisi durissimis conditionibus, Carthaginienses auxilium 
petierunt a Lacedaemoniis. Hi Xanthippum miserunt, 
qui Romanum exercitum magno proelio vicit. Regulus 
ipse captus et in vincula conjectus est. 

12. Non tamen ubique fortuna Carthaginiensibus' 
favit. Quum aliquot prceliis victi essent, Regulum roga- 
verunt, ut Romam proficisceretur, et pacem captivorum- 
que permutati5nem a Romanis obtineret. Ille quum 
Romam venisset, inductus in senatum dixit, se desiisse 
Romanum esse ex ilia die, qua 7 in potestatem Poen5rum 
venisset/ Turn Romanis 6 suasit, ne pacem cum Cartha- 
giniensibus facerent: 71 illos i enim tot casibus fractos 
spem nullam nisi in pace habere: tanti-' non esse, ut 

a § 257, R. 7. * § 223, R. 2. * § 273, 2. 

& § 82, E. 1. / § 253. * § 270, R. 2. 

e § 212. ' § 266, 2 / § 214 
* § 231, R. 4. 



88 ROMAN HISTORY. 

tot millia captivorum propter se unum et paucos, qui 
ex Romanis capti essent, redderentur. Haec sententia 
obtinuit. Regressus igitur in Africam crudelissimis sup- 
pliers exstinctus est. 

13. Tandem, C. Lutatio Catulo, A. Postumio 
A U ~ 

5 ' 13 ' consuKbus, anno belli Punici vicesimo tertio mag- 
num proelium navale commissum est contra Lily- 
baeum, promontorium Siciliae. In eo proelio septuaginta tres 
Carthaginiensium naves captae, centum viginti quinque 
demersae, triginta duo millia hostium capta, tredecim 
millia occisa sunt. Statim Carthaginienses pacem peti- 
erunt, eisque pax tributa est. Captivi Romanorum," qui 
tenebantur a Carthaginiensibus redditi sunt. Pceni 
Sicilia, 5 Sardinia, et ceteris insulis, quae inter Italiam 
Africamque jacent, decesserunt, omnemque Hispaniam, 
quae citra Iberum est, Romanis permiserunt. 






LIBER TERTIUS. 

1. Anno quingentesimo undetricesimo ingentes 
529. 



Gallorum copiae Alpes transierunt. Sed pro Ro 



manis tota Italia consensit : traditumque est, 
octingenta millia hominum a ad id bellum parata fuisse/ 
Res prospere gesta est apud Clusium : quadraginta 
millia hominum interfecta sunt. Aliquot annis d post 
pugnatum est* contra Gallos in agro Insubrum, finitumque 
est bellum M. Claudio Marcello, Cn. Cornelio ScipiSne 
consulibus. Turn Marcellus regem Gall drum, Viridom- 

* § 212. e § 269. e § 209, R. 3, (2.) 

* § 242. * § 236. 



LIBER III. »y 

arum, manu sua occidit, et triumphans spolia Galli stipiti 
imposita humeris suis vexit. 

2. Paulo post Punicum bellum renovatum est per Han- 
nibalem," Carthaginiensium ducem, quern pater Hamilcar 
novem annos 6 natum aris admoverat, ut odium perenne in 
Romanos juraret. Hie annum agens vicesimum astatis 
Saguntum, Hispaniae civitatem, Romanis amiicam, 
oppugnare c aggressus est. Huic Romani per ' ' 
legatos denuntiaverunt, ut bello abstineret/ Qui 

quum legatos admittere nollet, Romani Carthagmem mise- 
runt, ut mandaretur Hannibali/ ne bellum contra socios 
populi Romani gereret. Dura responsa a Carthaginien- 
sibus reddita. Saguntinis interea fame victis, Romani 
Carthaginiensibus bellum indixerunt. 

3. Hannibal, fratre Hasdrubale in Hispania relicto, 
Pyrenaeum 7 et Alpes transiit. Traditur # in Italiam octo- 
ginta millia peditum, et viginti millia equitum, septem et 
triginta elephantos abduxisse. Interea multi Ligures et 
Galli Hannibali^ se conjunxerunt. Primus ei occurrit P. 
Cornelius Scipio, qui, proelio ad Ticmum commisso, su- 
peratus est, et, vulnere accepto, in castra rediit. Turn 
Sempronius Gracchus conflixit ad Trebiam amnera. Is 
quoque vincitur. Multi populi se Hannibali dediderunt. 
Inde in Tusciam progressus Flaminium consulem ad 
Trasimenum lacum superat. Ipse Flaminius interemptus, 
Romanorum viginti quinque millia csesa sunt. 

4. Quingentesimo et quadragesimo anno post A * u# 
urbem conditam L. jEmilius Paullus et P. Teren- 

tius Varro contra Hannibalem mittuntur. Quamquam 

* Is traditur used personally or impersonally ? § 271 , R. 2. 

a § 247, R. 1. * § 273, 2. / § 233, (3.) 

* § 236. e § 223, R 2 * § 224. 

e § 271 



90 ROMAN HISTORY. 

intellectum erat, Hannibalem non aliter vinci posse* 
quam mora, Varro tamen morse 6 impatiens apud vicum, 
qui Cannae c appellator, in Apulia pugnavit; ambo con- 
soles victi, Paullus interemptus est. In ea pugna consu- 
lages aut praetorii viginti, senatores triginta capti aut oecisi ; 
militum quadraginta millia; equitum tria millia et quin- 
genti perierunt. In his tantis malis nemo tamen pacis 
mentionem facere dignatus est. Send, quod* nunquam 
ante factum, manumissi et milites facti sunt. 

5. Post earn pugnam multae Italiae civitates, quae 
Romanis 6 paruerant, se ad Hannibalem transtulerunt. 
Hannibal Romanis obtulit/ ut captivos redimerent ; re- 
sponsumque est a senatu, eos cives non esse necessarios, 
qui armati capi potuissent. Hos omnes ille postea variis 
suppliciis interfecit, et tres modios aureorum annul drum 
Carthaginem misit, quos manibus^ equitum Romanorum, 
senatorum, et militum detraxerat. Interea in Hispania 
frater Hannibalis, Hasdrubal, qui ibi remanserat cum mag- 
no exercitu, a duobus Scipionibus vincitur, perditque in 
pugna triginta quinque millia liommum. 

6. Anno quarto postquam Hannibal iu Italiam venerat, 
M. Claudius Marcell us consul apud Nolam, civitatem Cam- 
paniae, contra Hannibalem bene pugnavit. Illo tempore 
Philippus, Demetrii filius, rex Macedoniae, ad Hannibalem 
legatos mittit, eique auxilia contra Romanos pollicetur. 
Qui legati quum a Romanis capti essent, M. Valerius 
Laevinus cum navibus missus est, qui regem impediret,* 
quo minus copias in Italiam trajiceret.* Ideni in Mace- 
doniam penetrans regem Philippum vicit. 



a § 272. 
» § 213. 
c § 210, R. 2. 


* § 206, (13.) 
8 § 223, R. 2. 
/ § 229, R. 5 


* § 224, R. 2. 

* § 264, 5. 
« § 262. 



LIBER III. 91 

7. In Sicilia quoque res prospere gesta est. Marcellus 
magnam hujus insula^ partem cepit, quam Poeni occu- 
paverant; Syracusas, nobilissimam urbem, expugnavit, et 
mgentem inde prsedam Romam misit. Laevinus in Mace- 
donia cum Philippo et multis Graeciae populis amicitiam fe- 
cit ; et in Siciliam profectus Hanndnem, Poenorum ducem, 
apud Agrigentum cepit ; quadraginta civitates in deditio- 
nem accepit, viginti sex expugnavit. Ita omni Sicilia 
recepta, cum ingenti gloria Romam regressus est. 

8. Interea* in Hispaniarn/ ubi duo Scipi5nes ab Has- 
drubale interfecti erant, missus est P. Cornelius Scipio, vir 
Romanorum omnium fere primus. Hie, puer d duodevi- 
ginti annorum, in pugna ad Ticinum, patrem singulari vir- 
tute* servavit. Deinde post cladem Cannensem 7 multos 5, 
nobilissimorum juvenum Italiam deserere^ cupientium, 
auctoritate sua ab hoc consilio deterruit. Viginti quatuor 
annorum juvenis in Hispaniam missus, die, qua venit, 
Carthagmem Novam cepit, in qua omne aurum et argen- 
tum et belli apparatum Poeni habebant, nobilissimos 
quoque obsides, quos ab Hispanis acceperant. Hos obsi- 
des parentibus suis i reddidit. Quare omnes fere Hispa- 
niae civitates ad eum uno ammo transierunt. 

9. Ab eo inde tempore res Romandrum in dies laetiores 
factse sunt. Hasdrubal a fratre ex- 7 ' Hispania, in Italiam 
evocatus, apud Senam, Piceni civitatem, in insidias incidit, 
et strenue pugnans occisus est. Plurimae autem civitates, 
quae in Bruttiis ab Hannibale tenebantur, Romanis se 
tradiderunt. 



a § 212. 


* § 279, 10. 


* § 271. 


* § 23. 


/ § 128, 6. 


* § 208, (7.) 


c § 20, E. (a.) 


e § 205, R. 12. 


i § 242, R. 1 


« § 204. 







92 



ROMAN HISTORY. 



10. Anno decimo quarto postquam in Italiam 
* ' Hannibal venerat, Scipio consul creatus, et in Afri- 

cam missus est. Ibi contra Hannonem, ducem 
Carthaginiensium, prospere pugnat, totumque ejus exerci- 
tum delet. Secundo proelio undecim millia hominum oc- 
cidit, et castra cepit cum quatuor millibus et quingentis 
militibus. Syphacem, Numidise regem, qui se cum Pcenis 
conjunxerat, cepit, eumque cum nobilissimis Numidis et 
infimtis spoliis Romam misit. Qua re audita, omnis fere 

Italia Hannibalem deserit. Ipse a Carthaginien- 
' ' sibus in Africam redire jubetur. Ita anno decimo 

septimo Italia ab Hannibale liberata est. 
11. Post plures pugnas et pacem plus* semel frustra 
tentatam, pugna ad Zamam committitur, in qua peritissimi 
duces copias suas ad bellum educebant. Scipio victor 
recedit ; Hannibal cum paucis equitibus evadit. Post hoc 
prcelium pax cum Carthaginiensibus facta est. Scipio, 
quum Romam rediisset, ingenti gloria triumphavit, atque 
Africanus appellatus est. Sic finem accepit secundum 
Punicum bellum post 6 annum undevicesimum quam 
cceperat. 



A. U. 

556. 



LIBER QUARTUS. 

1. Finito Punico bello, secutum est Mace- 
donicum 6 contra Philippum regem, Superatus est 
rex a T. Quinctio Flaminio apud Cynoscephalas, 
paxque ei data est his legibus : d ne Grcecice civitatibus, 
quas Romani contra eum defender ant, bellum inferret ; e 

a § 256, R. 6. c § 209, R. 2, (1,) (b.) • § 262. 

» § 253, R. 1. d § 249, II. 



I 



LIBER IV. 93 

ut captwos et transfugas redderet ; quinquaginta solum 
naves haberet ; reliquas Romanis daret; mille talenta 
pr<zstaret, et obsidem 3, daret filium Demetrium. T. 
Quinctius etiam Lacedaemoniis intulit bellum, et ducem 
eorum Nabidem 6 vicit. 

2. Finito bello Macedonico, secutum est bel- A - u * 
lum Synacum contra Antiocnum regem, cum quo 
Hannibal se junxerat. Missus est contra eum L. Corne- 
lius Scipio c consul, cui frater ejus Scipio Africanus legatus 
est additus. Hannibal navali proelio vict is/ Antiochus 
autem ad Magnesiam, Asian civitatem, a Cornelio Scipione 
consule ingenti proelio fusus est. Turn rex Antiochus 
pacem petit. Data est ei hac lege, ut ex Europd et Asia 
recederet, atque intra Taurum se contineret, decern millia 
talentorum et viginti obsides prceberet, Hannibalem, con- 
citorem belli, dederet. Scipio Romam rediit, et ingenti 
gloria triumphavit. Nomen et ipse, ad imitationem fra- 
tris, Asiatici accepit. 

3. Philippo, rege Macedonian, mortuo, filius ejus Per- 
seus rebellavit, ingentibus copiis paratis. Dux Romano- 
rum, P. Licinius consul, contra eum missus, gravi proelio 
a rege victus est. Rex tamen pacem petebat. Cui 
Romani earn prsestare noluerunt, nisi his conditionibus, ut 
se et suos Romanis dederet. Mox iEmilius Paullus consul 
regem ad Pydnam superavit, et viginti millia pedi- 

tum c ejus occidit. Equitatus cum rege fugit. ' ' 
Urbes Macedonian omnes, quas rex tenuerat, Ro- 
manis se dediderunt. Ipse Perseus ab amicis desertus in 
Paulli potestatem venit. Hie, multis etiam aliis rebus 
gestis, cum ingenti pompa/ Romam rediit in nave Persei, 

° § 230, R. 2. c § 279, 9. e § 212. 

» § 204. * § 209, R. 4. / § 247, R. 3. 



94 ROMAN HISTORY. 

musitatae magnitudinis ; a nam sedecim remorum ordmes 
habuisse dicitur. Triumphavit magnificentissime in curru 
aureo, duobus filiis utroque latere 6 adstantibus. Ante 
currum inter captivos duo regis filii et ipse Perseus ducti 
sunt. 

4. Tertium deinde bellum contra Carthaginem 
' ' susceptum est sexcentesimo et altero c anno ab 
urbe condita/ anno quinquagesimo primo post- 
quam secundum bellum Punicum transactum erat. L. 
Manlius Censorinus et M. Manlius consules in Africam 
trajecerunt/ et oppugnaverunt Carthaginem. Multa ibi 
praeclare gesta sunt per Scipionem, Scipionis Africani 
nepdtem, qui tribunus in Africa militabat. Hujus apud 
omnes ingens metus et reverentia erat, neque quidquam 
magis Carthaginiensium duces vitabant, quam contra eum 
prrelium committere. 

5. Quum jam magnum esset Scipionis nomen, tertio 
anno postquam Romani in Africam trajecerant, consul est 

creatus, et contra Carthaginem missus. Is hanc 
' ' urbem a civibus acerrime defensam 7 cepit ac 
diruit. Ingens ibi praeda facta, plurimaque inventa 
sunt, quae multarum civitatum excidiis Carthago college- 
rat. Haec omnia Scipio civitatibus Italiae, Sicilian, Africse 
reddidit, quae sua recognoscebant. Ita Carthago septin- 
gentesimo anno, postquam condita erat, deleta est. Scipio 
nomen Africani junioris accepit. 

6. Interim in Macedonia quidam Pseudophilippus arma 
movit, et P. Juvencium, Romanorum ducem, ad interne- 
ci5nem vicit. Post eum Q. Caecilius Metellus dux a 
Romanis contra Pseudophilippum missus est, et, viginti 

• § 211, R. 6. c § 120, 1. • § 229, R. 4, 1. 

& § 254, R. 3. d § 274, R. 5. / § 274, 3. 



LIBER IV. 95 

quinque millibus ex militibus ejus occisis, Macedoniam 

recepit ; ipsum etiam Pseudophilippum in potestatem su- 

am redegit. Corinthiis quoque bellum indictum est, nobilis- 

simae Graeciae civitati," propter irrjuriam Romanis legatis 

illatam. Hanc Mummius consul cepit ac diruit. 

. . A U. 

Tres igltur Romae simul celeberrimi triumphi fue- ' " 

runt; Scipionis* ex Africa, ante cujus currum 
ductus est Hasdrubal ; Metelli * ex Macedonia, cujus cur- 
rum praecessit Andriscus, qui et Pseudophilippus dicitur; 
Mummii* ex Corintho, ante quern signa 33nea et pictae 
tabulae et alia urbis clarissimae ornamenta praelata sunt. 

7. Anno sexcentesimo decimo post urbem con- 

A U 
ditam Viriathus in Lusitania bellum contra Roma- ' A ' 

610. 

nos excitavit. Pastor primo iuit, mox latr5num 
dux ; postremo tantos ad bellum populos concitavit, ut 
vindex libertatis Hispaniae existimaretur. Denique a 
suis 6 interfectus est. Quum interfectcres ejus praemium a 
Caepione consule peterent, responsum est, nunquam Ro- 
manis placuisse,f imperatorem a militibus suis interfici. 

8. Deinde bellum exortum est cum Numantinis, civi- 
tate Hispaniae. Victus ab his Qu. Pompeius, et post eum 
C. Hostilius Mancmus consul, qui pacem cum iis fecit infa- 
mem, quam populus et senatus jussit infringi, at que ip- 
sum Manclnum hostibus tradi. Turn P. Scipio Africanus 
in Hispaniam missus est. Is primum militem ign^aim 
et corruptum correxit; turn multas Hispaniae civitates 
partim bello cepit, partim in deditionem accepit. 
Postremo ipsam Numantiam fame ad deditionem 
coegit, urbemque evertit; reliquam provinciam in 

fidem accepit. 

* What is understood? 
t What is the subject of placuisse f § 269. 
° § 204, R. 3. * § 205, R. 7, (1.) N 



96 ROMAN HISTORY. 

9. P. Scipione Nasica et L. Calpurnio Bestia con 
sulibus, Jugurthae, Numidarum regi, bellum illatum est, quod 
Adherbalem et Hiempsalem, Mieipsae filios, patrueles suos, 
interemisset. a Missus adversus eum consul Calpurnius 
Bestia corruptus regis pecunia pacem cum eo flagitiosis- 
simam fecit, quae a senatu improbata est. Denique Qu. 
Caecilius Metellus consul Jugurtham variis proeliis vicit, 
elephantos ejus occidit vel cepit, multas civitates ipsius in 
deditionem accepit. Ei successit C. Marius, qui bello 

termmum posuit, ipsumque Jugurtham cepit. Ante 
g^ 8 ' currum triumphantis Marii Jugurtha cum duobus 

filiis ductus est vinctus, et mox jussu consulis in 
carcere strangulatus. 



LIBER QUINTUS. 



1. Dum bellum in Numidia contra Jugurtham geritur, 
Cimbri et Teutones aliaeque Germandrum et Gall5rum 
gentes Italiae 6 minabantur, aliaeque Romanorum exercitus 
fuderunt. Ingens fuit Romae c timor, ne d iterum Galli 
urbem occuparent. Ergo Marius consul 6 creatus, eique 
bellum contra Cimbros et Teutones decretum est ; bello- 
que protracto, tertius ei et quartus consulatus delatus est. 
In duobus proeliis cum Cimbris ducenta millia hostium 
cecidit, octoginta millia cepit, eorumque regem Theutobo- 
chum ; propter quod meritum absens quinto Consul crea- 

tus est. Interea Cimbri et Teutones, quorum 
653 copia adhuc infinita erat, in Italiam transierunt. 

Iterum a C. Mario et Qu. Catulo contra eos 

a § 266, 3. c § 221, I. e § 210. 

b § 223, R. 2. <* § 262, R. 7 



LIBER V. 97 

dimicatum est* ad Veronam. Centum et quadraginta 
millia aut in pugna aut in fuga caesa sunt ; sexaginta 
millia capta. Tria et triginta Cimbris 6 signa sublata sunt. 

2. Sexcentesimo quinquagesimo nono anno ab 

urbe condita in Italia gravissimum bellum exarsit. ' ' 
Nam Picentes, Marsi, Pelignique, qui multos annos 
populo Romano obedierant, aequa cum illis jura sibi dari 
postulabant. Perniciosum admodum hoc bellum fuit. P. 
Rutilius consul in eo occisus est; plures exercitus fusi 
fugatique. Tandem L. Cornelius Sulla cum c alia egregie 
gessit, turn Cluentium, hostium ducem, cum magnis copiis,* 
fudit. Per quadriennium cum gravi utriusque partis ca- 
lamitate hoc bellum tractum est. Quinto demum anno 
L. Cornelius Sulla ei imposuit finem. Romani tamen, 
id* quod prius negaverant, jus civitatis, bello finito, sociis 
tribuerunt. 

3. Anno urbis condita sexcentesimo sexagesi- 

mo sexto primum Romas bellum civile exortum ' ' 
est ; eodem anno etiam Mithridaticum. Causam 
bello civili C. Marius dedit. Nam quum Sulla3 bellum 
adversus Mithridatem regem Ponti decretum esset, Marius 
ei 6 hunc honorem eripere conatus est. Sed Sulla, qui 
adhuc cum legionibus suis in Italia morabatur, cum exer- 
citu Romam venit, et adversarios cum interfecit, turn 
fugavit. Turn rebus Romas utcunque compositis, in 
Asiam profectus est, pluribusque prceliis Mithridatem 
coegit, ut pacem a Romanis peteret/ et Asia, quam in- 
vaserat, relicta, regni sui finibus contentus esset. 

4. Sed dum Sulla in Graecia et Asia Mithridatem vin- 
cit, Marius, qui fugatus fuerat, et Cornelius Cinna, unus 

a § 209, R. 3, (2.) c § 273, R. 7. e § 206, (13.^ 

* § 224, R. 2. <*-§ 249, III. / § 273, 2 

9 



98 ROMAN HISTORY. 

ex consulibus, bellum in Italia repararunt, et ingressi Ro- 
mam nobilissimos ex senatu a et consulares viros interfece- 
runt ; multos proscripserunt ; ipsius Sullae domo eversa, 
filios et uxorem ad fugam compulerunt. Universus reli- 
quus senatus ex urbe fugiens ad Sullam in Graeciam 
venit, orans ut patriae subveniret. Sulla in Italiam traje- 
cit, hostium exercitus vicit, mox etiam urbem ingressus 
est, quam caede 6 et sanguine civium replevit. Quatuor 
millia inermium, qui se dediderant, interf ici jussit ; duo mil- 
lia equitum et senat5rum proscripsit. Turn de Mithridate 
triumphavit. Duo hasc bella funestissima, Italicum, quod 
et sociale dictum est, et civile, consumpserunt ultra centum 
et qumquaginta millia hommum, viros consulares viginti 
quatuor, praetorios septem, aedilitios sexaginta, senatores 
fere ducentos. 



LIBER SEXTUS. 



A. U 

676. 



1. Anno urbis conditae sexcentesimo d septua- 
gesimo sexto, L. Licinio Lueullo* et M. Aurelio 
Cotta consulibus, mortuus est Nicomedes, rex Bi- 
thyniae, et testamento populum Romanum fecit heredem/ 
Mithridates, pace rupta/ Asiam rursus voluit invadere. 
Ad versus eum ambo consules missi variam habuere fortu- 
nam. Cotta apud Chalcedonem victus proelio, a rege 
etiam intra oppidum obsessus est. Sed quum se inde 
Mithridates Cyzicum* transtulisset, ut, hac urbe capta, 

s § 257, R.5 
* § 237. 



a § 212, R. 2, N. 4. 


*■ § 120, 2. 


» § 249, I. 


° § 279, 9. 


c § 274, R. 5. 


/ § 230. 



LIBER VI. 99 

totam Asiam invaderet, Lucullus ei, a alter consul, occurrit, 
ac dum Mithridates in obsididne Cyzici commoratur, ipse 
eum a tergo obsedit, fameque consumptum multis proeliis 
vicit. Postremo Byzantium 6 fugavit; navali quoque 
proelio ejus duces oppressit. Ita una hieme c et aestate a 
Lucullo centum fere millia militum regis exstincta sunt. 

2. Anno urbis sexcentesimo septuagesimo oc- 
tavo novum in Italia bellum commotum est. Sep- 67g * 
tuaginta enim quatuor gladiat5res, ducibus d Spar- 

taco, Crixo, et CEnomao, e ludo gladiatorio, qui Capuae* 
erat, efiugerunt, et per Italiam vagantes paene non levius 
bellum, quam Hannibal/ moverunt. Nam contraxerunt 
exercitum fere sexaginta millium armatorum, multosque 
duces et duos Romanos consules vicerunt. Ipsi victi sunt 
in Apulia a M. Licinio Crasso proconsule, et, post multas 
calamitates Italiae,* tertio anno huic bello finis est im- 
positus. 

3. Interim L. Lucullus bellum Mithridaticum perse- 
cutus regnum Mithridatis invasit, ipsumque regem apud 
Cabira civitatem, quo ingentes copias ex omni regno ad- 
duxerat Mithridates, ingenti proelio superatum fugavit, et 
castra ejus diripuit. Armenia quoque Minor, quam tene- 
bat, eidemf erepta est. Susceptus est Mithridates a Ti- 
grane, Armeniae rege, qui turn ingenti gloria imperabat ; sed 
hujus quoque regnum Lucullus est ingressus. Tigrano- 
certa, nobilissimam Armeniae civitatem, cepit; ipsum re- 
gem, cum magno exercitu venientem, ita vicit, ut robur 

* Is this genitive subjective or objective? § 211, R. 2. 

f i. e. Mithriddti. 
tt §224. c § 253. '§221,1. 

b § 237. * § 257, R. 7. / § 278. 



100 ROMAN HISTORY. 

militum Armeni5rum deleret. Sed quum Lucullus finem 
bello imponere pararet, successor ei a missus est. 

4. Per ilia tempora piratae omnia maria infestabant ita, 
ut & Romanis, toto orbe c terrarum victoribus, sola navigatio 
tuta non esset. Quare id bellum Cn. Pompeio decretum 

est, quod intra paucos menses incredibili felicitate 
' " et celeritate confecit. Mox ei delatum bellum 

contra regem Mithridatem et Tigranem. Quo sus- 
cepto, Mithridatem in Armenia Minore nocturno proelio 
vicit, castra diripuit, et quadraginta millibus ejus occisis, 
viginti tantum de exercitu suo perdidit et duos centuridnes. 
Mithridates fugit cum uxdre et duobus comitibus, neque 
multo post, Pharnacis filii sui sediti5ne coactus, venenum 
hausit. Hunc vitae finem habuit Mithridates, vir ingentis 
industrial atque consilii. Regnavit annis* sexaginta, vixit 
septuaginta dudbus : contra Romanos bellum habuit annis 
quadraginta. 

5. Tigrani deinde Pompeius bellum intulit. Ule-^ se g 
ei h dedidit, et in castra Pompeii venit, ac diadema suum* 
in ejus* manibus collocavit, quod ei Pompeius* reposuit. 
Parte-* regni eum multavit et grandi pecunia. Turn alios 
etiam reges et populos superavit. Armeniam Min5rem 
Deiotaro, Galatiae regi, donavit, quia auxilium contra 
Mithridatem tulerat. Seleuciam, vicinam Antiochiae civi- 
tatem, libertate* donavit, quod regem Tigranem non rece- 
pisset.' Inde in Judaeam transgressus, Hierosolymam, 
caput gentis, tertio mense cepit, duodecim millibus Judae5- 
rum occisis, ceteris in fidem receptis. His gestis finem 



a § 211, R. 5. 


e § 236. 


'§9. 


* § 262, R. 1. 


/ § 207, R. 23. 


i § 251. 


c § 254, R. 3. 


* § 208. 


* § 249, 1. 


* § 211, R. 6. 


* § 208, (6.) 


« § 266, 3 



LIBER VI. 101 

antiquissimo bello imposuit. Ante triumphantis* currum 
ducti sunt filii Mithridatis, filius Tigranis, et Aristobulus, 
rex Judaedrum. Praelata ingens pecunia, auri atque ar- 
genti infinitum.! Hoc tempore nullum per orbem terra- 
rum grave bellum erat. 

6. M. Tullio Cicerone oratore et C. Antonio 

A U. 

consulibus, anno ab urbe condita sexcentesimo ' 9 ' 

undenonagesimo L. Serrius Catilina, nobilissimi 
generis vir, sed ingenii pravisslmi, ad delendam patriam con- 
juravit cum quibusdam clans quidem° sed audacibus viiis. 
A Cicerone urbe 6 expulsus est, socii ejus deprehensi et 
in carcere strangulati sunt. Ab Antonio, altero consule, 
Catilina ipse proelio victus est et interfectus. 

7. Anno urbis conditae sexcentesimo nonagesi- 

A. U. 
mo tertio C. Julius Caesar cum L. Bibulo consul 693 ' 

est factus. Quum ei Gallia decreta esset, semper 

vincendo c usque ad Oceanum Britannicum processit. Do- 

muit autem annis^ novem fere omnem Galliam, quae inter 

Alpes ; flumen Rhodanum, Rhenum et Oceanum est. Bri- 

tannis mox bellum intulit, quibus ante eum ne nomen qui- 

dem Romanorum cognitum erat ; Germanos quoque trans 

Rhenum aggressus, ingentibus prceliis vicit. 

8. Circa eadem tempora M. Licinius Crassus contra 
Parthos missus est. Et quum circa Carras contra omina 
et auspicia prcelium commisisset, a Surena, Or5dis 

regis duce, victus et interfectus est cum filio, claris- 70Q * 
simo et praestantissimo juvene. Reliquiae exerci- 
tus per C. Cassium quaestorem servatae sunt. 



* Supply Pompeii. t Supply pondus. 

• § 279, 3. & § 242 c § 275, R. 4. * § 253. 

9* 



102 ROMAN HISTORY. 



A. U. 

705. 



9. Hinc jam bellum civile successit, quo Ro- 
mani nominis fortuna mutata est. Caesar enim 
victor e Gallia rediens, absens coepit poscere alte- 
rum consulatum ; quern quum aliqui sine dubitatione de- 
ferrent," contradictum est b a Pompeio et aliis, jussusque est, 
dimissis exercitibus, in urbem redire. Propter hanc in- 
juriarn ab Arimmo, ubi milites congregates habebat, infesto 
exercitu Romam contendit. Consules cum Pompeio, 
senatusque omnis atque universa nobilitas ex urbe fagit, et 
in Graeciam transiit ; et, dum senatus bellum contra Cae- 
sarem parabat, hie vacuam urbem ingressus dictatorem 
se fecit. 

10. Inde Hispanias petit, ibique Pompeii legiones su- 
peravit; turn in Graecia adversum Pompeium jpsum dimi- 
cavit. Primo proelio victus est et fugatus ; evasit tamen, 
quia nocte interveniente Pompeius sequi noluit; dixitque 
Caesar, nec c Pompeium scire vincere, et illo tantum die se 
potuisse superari. Deinde in Thessalia apud Pharsalum 
ingentibus utrinque copiis commissis dimicaverunt. Nun- 
quam adliuc Romanae copise majores neque melioribus 
ducibus^ convenerant. Pugnatum est 6 ino;enti contenti- 
one, victusque ad postremum Pompeius, et castra ejus di- 
repta sunt. Ipse fugatus Alexandriam petiit, ut a rege 
iEgypti, cui tutor a senatu datus fuerat, acciperet auxilia. 
At hie fortunam magis quam amicitiam secutus, occidit 
Pompeium, caput ejus et annulum Caesari misit. Quo 
conspecto, Caesar laciymas fudisse dicitur, tanti viri intu- 
ens caput, et generi # quondam sui. 

* Pompey married Julia, the daughter of Csesar ; but she was now 
dead. 

a § 145, II. 4. c § 278, R. 7. e § 209, R. 3, (2.) 

& § 184,2. <* § 249,111. 



LIBER VI. 103 

11. Quum ad Alexandriam venisset Caesar, Ptolemae- 
us ei insidias parare voluit, qua de causa regi bellum illa- 
tum est. Rex victus in Nilo periit, inventumque est cor- 
pus ejus cum lorica aurea. Caesar, Alexandria potitus, 
regnum Cleopatrae dedit. Turn inde profectus Pompeia- 
narum partium reliquias est persecutus, bellisque civili- 
bus toto terrarum orbe compositis, Romam rediit. Ubi 
quum insolentius agere coepisset, conjuratum" est in eum 
a sexaginta vel amplius senatonbus, equitibusque Roma- 
nis. Praecipui fuerunt inter conjuratos Bruti duo ex 
genere illius Bruti, qui, regibus expulsis, primus Romas 

consul fuerat, C. Cassius et Servilius Casca. Er- 

A U 
go Caesar, quum in curiam venisset, viginti tribus 709 ' 

vulneribus confossus est. 

12. Interfecto Caesare, anno urbis septingentesimo no- 
no bella civilia reparata sunt. Senatus favebat Caesaris 
percussoribus, 6 Antonius consul a Caesaris partibus stabat. 
Ergo turbata republica, Antonius, multis sceleribus com- 
missis, a senatu hostis judicatus est. Fusus fugatusque An- 
tonius, amisso exercitu, confugit ad Lepidum, qui Caesari 6 
magister equitum fuerat, et turn grandes copias militum ha- 
bebat; a quo susceptus est. Mox Octavianus cum An- 
tonio pacem fecit, et quasi vindicaturus d patris* sui mor- 
tem, a quo per testamentum fuerat adoptatus, Romam 
cum exercitu profectus extorsit, ut sibi juveni viginti an 
norum e consulatus daretur. Turn junctus cum Antonio 
et Lepido rempublicam armis tenere coepit, senatum^ue 
proscripsit. Per hos etiam Cicero orator occisus est, muV- 
tlque alii nobiles. 

* i. e. Julii CcBsdris. 
a §184,2. C §211,R. 5, 1. '§211, R. 6. 

b § 223, R. 2. d § 274, R. (5. 



104 ROMAN HISTORY. 

13. Interea Brutus et Cassius, interfect5res Caesaris, 
ingens bellum moverunt. Profecti contra eos Caesar Octa- 
vianus, qui postea Augustus est appellatus, et M. Antonius, 

apud Philippos, Macedonia? urbem, contra eos pug- 
7 * ^ naverunt. Primo proelio victi sunt Antonius et 

Caesar ; periit tamen dux nobilitatis Cassius ; se- 
cundo Brutum et infinitam nobilitatem, quae cum illis bel- 
lum susceperat, victam a interfecerunt. Turn victores 
rempublicam ita inter se diviserunt, ut Octavianus Caesar 
Hispanias, Gallias, Italiam teneret; Antonius Orientem, 
Lepidus Africam acciperet. 

14. Paulo post Antonius, repudiata sorore Caesaris 
Octaviani, Cleopatram, reginam iEgypti, uxorem duxit. 
Ab hac incitatus ingens bellum commovit, dum Cleopatra 
cupiditate muligbri optat Romae regnare. Victus est ab 

Augusto navali pugna clara et illustri apud Actium, 
' ' qui locus in Epiro est. Hinc fugit in iEgyptum, 

et, desperatis rebus, quum omnes ad Augustum 
transirent, se ipse 6 interemit. Cleopatra quoque aspidem 
sibi admisit, et veneno ejus exstincta est. Ita bellis toto 
orbe confectis, Octavianus Augustus Romam rediit anno 
duodecimo* quam consul fuerat. Ex eo inde tempore 
rempublicam per quadraginta et quatuor annos solus obti- 
nuit. Ante enim duodecim annis cum Antonio et Lepida 
tenuerat.f Ita ab initio principals ejus usque ad fin em 
quinquaginta sex anni fuere. 

* Supply post. § 253, R. 1. t What is understood ? 

° § 205, R. 2, E. * § 207, R. 28 



OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 
NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 



1. Universus terrarum orbis in tres partes dividitur, 
Europam/ Asiam, Africam. Europa ab Africa sejun- 
gitur freto Gaditano, in cujus utraque parte montes sunt 
altissimi, Abyla in Africa, in Europa Calpe, qui montes 
Herculis columnae appellantur. Per idem fretum mare 
internum, quod littoribus Eur5pae, Asiae, et African inclu- 
ditur, jungitur cum Oceano. 

2. Europa termmos 6 habet ab oriente Tanaim fluvium, 
pontum Euxinum, et paludem Maeotida ; e a meridie, mare 
internum ; ab occidente, mare Atlanticum sive Oceanum ; 
a septentrione, mare Britannicum Mare internum tres 
maximos sinus habet. Quorum is, qui Asiam a Graecia 
sejungit, iEgseum mare vocatur; secundus, qui est inter 
Graeciam et Italiam, Ionium ; tertius denique, qui occiden- 
tals Italiae oras alluit, a Romanis Tuscum, a Graecis Tyr- 
rhenum mare appellator. 

3. In ea Eur5pae parte, quae ad occasum vergit, prima 
terrarum est Hispania, quae a tribus lateribus mari circum- 
data per Pyrenaeos montes cum Gallia cohaeret. Quum 

a § 204, R. 10. * § 230, R. 2. c § 80, I 



106 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 

universa Hispania dives sit a et foecunda, ea tamen regio, 
quae a flumme Baeti 6 Baetica vocatur, ceteras fertilitate c 
antecellit. Ibi Gades sitae, insula cum urbe a Tyriis con- 
dita, quae freto Gaditano nomen dedit. Tota ilia regio 
viris/ equis, ferro, plumbo, aere, argento, auroque abundat, 
et ubi penuria aquarum minus est fertilis, linum tamen aut 
spartum alit. Marmoris quoque lapicidinas habet. In 
Baetica minium reperitur. 

4. Gallia posita est inter Pyrenaeos montes et Rhenum ; 
orientalem orain Tuscum mare alluit, occidentalem Ocea- 
nus. Ejus pars ilia, quae Italiae e est opposita, et Narbo- 
nensis vocatur, omnium # est laetissima. In ea ora sita est 
Massilia, urbs a Phocaeis condita, qui, patria a Persis de- 
victa, quum servitutem ferre non possent, Asia relicta, 
novas in Eur5pa sedes quaesiverant. Ibidem est campus 
lapideus, ubi Hercules dicitur contra Neptuni liberos dimi- 
casse. Quum tela defecissent, Jupiter filium imbre lapidum 
adjuvit. Credas 7 pluisse;f adeo multi passim jacent. 

5. Rhodanus fluvius, haud longe a Rheni fontibus 
ortus, lacu Lemano excipitur, servatque impetum, ita ut 
per medium lacum integer fluat, tantusque, quantus venit, 
egrediatur. Inde ad occasum versus, Gallias aliquandiu 
dirimit; donee, cursu in meridiem flexo, aliorum amnium 
accessu auctus in mare effimditur. 

6. Ea pars Galliae, quae ad Rhenum porrigitur, fru- 
menti^ pabulique feracissima est, coelum salubre; noxia 
animalium genera pauca alit. Incolae superbi et supersti- 
tiosi, ita ut deos humanis victimis 71 gaudere existiment. 

* Supply partium. t Supply illos, i. e. lapides. 

a § 263, 5, R. 1. d § 250, R. 1, (2.) * § 213. 

& § 82, E. 2. e § 224. * § 245 II 

e § 250. / § 261, R. 4. 



NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 107 

Magistri religionum et sapientiae sunt Druidae, qui, quae" se 
scire profitentur, in antris abditisque silvis docent. Animas 
asternas esse credunt, vitamque alteram post mortem in- 
cipere. Hanc ob causam cum defunctis arma cremant aut 
defodiunt, eamque doctrinam homines ad bellum 6 alacri- 
ores facere existimant. 

7. Universa Gallia divisa est inter tres magnos populos, 
qui fluviis terminantur. A Pyrenaeo monte usque ad Ga- 
rumnam Aquitani habitant ; inde ad Sequanam Celtag ; 
Belgee denique usque ad Rhenum pertinent. 

8. Garumna amnis, ex Pyrenaeo monte delapsus, diu 
vaddsus est et vix navigabilis. Quanto c magis procedit, 
tanto fit latior; ad postremum magni freti^ similis, non 
solum majora navigia tolerat, verum etiam more maris ex- 
surgit, navigantesque 6 atrociter jactat. 

9. Sequana ex Alpibus ortus in septentrionem pergit. 
Postquam se haud procul Lutetia 7 cum Matrona conjunxit, 
Oceano^ infunditur. Haec flumina opportunissima sunt 
mercibus 71 permutandis et ex mari* interno in Oceanum 
trans vehendis. 

10. Rhenus itidem ex Alpibus ortus haud procul ab 
origme lacum efFicit Venetum, qui etiam Brigantinus ap- 
pellator. Deinde longo spatio- 7 per fines Helveti5rum, 
Mediomatricorum, et Trevirdrum continuo alveo fertur, 
aut modicas insulas fc circumfluens; in agro Batavo autem, 
ubi Oceano appropinquavit, in plures amnes dividitur ; nee 
jam amnis, sed ripis longe recedentibus, ingens lacus, 



a § 206, (4.) 


e § 205, R. 7, (1,) N. 


* § 82, E 1. 


* § 213, R. 4, (2.) 


/ § 241, R. 2. 


J § 236. 


c § 256, R. 16. 


* § 224. 


* § 233. 


* § 222, R. 2. 


* § 275, R. 2. 





108 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 

Flevo appellator, ejusdemque nommis insulam amplexus, 
fit iterum arctior et fluvius iterum in mare emittitur. 

11. Trans Rhenum Germani habitant usque ad Vistu- 
lam, quae finis est Germanise ad orientem. Ad meridiem 
terminatur Alpibus, ad septentri5nem mari Britannico et 
Baltico. Incolae corporum proceritate excellunt. Animos 
bellando a corpora laboribus exercent. Hanc ob causam 
crebro bella gerunt cum finitimis, non tarn finium prolatan- 
dorum* causa, aut imperii cupiditate, sed ob belli amdrem. 
Mites tamen sunt erga supplices c et boni hospitibus. 
Urbes moenibus cinctas aut fossis aggeribusque munitas 
non habent. Ipsas domos ad breve tempus struunt non 
lapidibus aut lateribus coctis sed lignis, quae frondibus 
tegunt. Nam diu eodem in loco morari d periculosum 
arbitrantur libertati. 

12. Agricultural Germani non admodum student, nee 
quisquam agri modum certum aut fines proprios habet. 
Lacte vescuntur et caseo et carne. Ubi fons, campus, ne- 
musve iis placuerit/ ibi domos figunt, mox alio transituri 
cum conjugibus et liberis. Interdum etiam hiemem in 
subterraneis specubus dicuntur transigere. 

13. Germania altis montibus, silvis, paludibusque in via 
redditur. Inter silvas^ maxima est Hercynia, cujus latitu- 
dinem Caesar novem dierum iter 71 patere narrat. Inse- 
quenti tempore magna pars ejus excisa est. Flumina sunt 
in Germania multa et magna. Inter haec clarissimum 
nomen Rheni, de quo supra diximus, et Danubii. Clari 
quoque amnes, Moenus, Visurgis, Albis. Danubius, om- 

a § 275 ? III., R. 4. <* § 269, R. 1. «" § 212, N. 4 

b § 275, III., R. 1. e § 223. * § 236 

c § 222, R. 4, (3.) / § 223, R. 2. 



NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 109 

nium Eurdpae fluminum maximus, apud Rhaetos oritur, 
flex5que ad ortum solis cursu, receptisque sexaginta amni- 
bus, in Pontum Euxinum sex vastis ostiis effunditur. 

14. Britanniam insulam Phoenicibus innotuisse, eosque 
stannum inde et plumbum pellesque petivisse, probabile 
est. Romanis earn Julius Caesar primus aperuit ; . neque 
tamen prius cognita esse coepit quam Claudio a imperante. 
Hadrianus earn, muro ab oeeano Germanico ad Hiberni- 
cum mare ducto, in duas partes divisit, ut inferiorem in- 
sulae partem, quae Romanis parebat, a barbarorum populo- 
rum, qui in Scotia habitabant, incursionibus tueretur. 

15. Maxima insulae pars campestris, collibus passim 
silvisque distincta. Incolae Gallos proceritate & corporum 
vincunt, ceterum ingenio b Gallis similes, simpliciores tamen 
illis c magisque barbari. Nemora habitant pro urbibus. 
Ibi tuguria exstruunt et stabula pecori, sed plerumque ad 
breve tempus. Humanitate ceteris praestant ii, qui Can- 
tium incolunt. Tota haec regio est maritima. Qui in- 
teridrem insulae partem habitant, frumenta non serunt ; lac- 
te^ et carne vivunt. Pro vestibus induti sunt pellibus.* 

16. Italia ab Alpibus usque ad fretum Siculum porrigi- 
tur inter mare Tuscum et Adriaticum. Multo 7 longior 
est quam latior/ In medio se attollit Apenninus mons, 
qui, postquam continenti jugo progressus est usque ad 
Apuliam, in duos quasi ramos dividltur. Nobilissima regio 
ob fertilitatem soli coelique salubritatem. Quum longe 
m mare procurrat, plurimos habet portus populdrum inter 
se' 1 patentes commercio.* Neque ulla facile-* est regio, 



° § 257. 


e § 249. 


* § 208, (5.) 


* ^ 250. 


/ § 256, R. 16. 


* § 223. 


e § 256. 


* § 256, R. 12. 


i § 277, R 7 


* § 245, II. 






10 







110 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 

quae tot tamque pulchras urbes habeat," inter quas Roma 
et magnitudme et nominis fama eminet. 

17. Haec urbs, orbis terrarum caput, septem montes 
complectitur. Initio quatuor port as habebat ; Augusti 
aevo triginta septem. Urbis magnificentiam augebant fora, 
templa, porticus, aquaeductus, theatra, arcus triumphales, 
horti denique, et id genus 6 alia, ad quag vel lecta animus 
stupet. Quare recte de ea praedicare videntur, qui nullius 
urbis in toto orbe terrarum magnificentiam ei c comparari 
posse dixerunt. 

18. Felicissima in Italia regio est Campania. Multi 
ibi vitiferi colles, ubi nobilissima vina gignuntur, Setinum, 
Caecubum, Falernum, Massicum. Calidi ibidem fontes 4 * 
saluberrimi. Nusquam generosior olea. Conchylio* quo- 
que et pisce nobili maria vicma scatent. 

19. Clarisslmi amnes Italiae sunt Padus et Tiberis. 
Et Padus quidem in superiore parte, quae Gallia Cisalpina 
vocatur, ab imis radicibus Vesuli montis exoritur ; primum 
exilis, deinde aliis amnibus ita alitur, ut se per septem ostia 
in mare effundat. Tiberis, qui antiquissimis temporibus 
Albulae nomen habebat, ex Apennmo oritur ; deinde duo- 
bus et quadraginta fluminibus auctus fit navigabilis. Plu- 
rimas in utraque ripa villas adspicit, praecipue autem urbis 
Romanae magnificentiam. Placidissimus amnium raro ripas 
egreditur. 

20. In inferiore parte Italiae clara quondam urbs Taren- 
tum, quae maris sinui, cui adjacet, nomen dedit. Soli 
fertilitas coelique jucunda temperies in causa fuisse videtur, 
ut incolae luxuria et deliciis enervarentur. Quumque 7 

a § 264, 7. c § 224. c § 250, (2.) 

* § 231, R. 5. * § 209, R. 4. / § 263, 5, R. 1 



I 



NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. Ill 

aliquandiu potentia a florerent, copiasque haud contemnen 
das alerent, peregrinis tamen plerumque ducibus in bellis 
utebantur, ut Pyrrho, rege Epiri, quo superato, urbs in 
Romanorum potestatem venit. 

21. Proxima Italiae est Sicilia, insula omnium* maris 
interni maxima. Antiquissimis temporibus earn cum Italia 
cohaesisse, marisque impetu, aut terra motu inde divulsam 
esse, verisimile est. Forma triangularis, ita ut litterae, 
quam Graeci Delta vocant, imagmem referat. A tribus 
promontoriis vocatur Trinacria. Nobilissimus ibi mons 
iEtnae, qui urbi Catanae immmet, turn ob altitudinem, 
turn etiam ob ignes, quos effimdit ; quare Cyclopum in illo 
monte officmam esse poetae dicunt. Cineres e crateribus 
egesti agrum circumjacentem foecundum et feracem red- 
dere existimantur. Sunt ibi Piorum campi, qui nomen 
habent a dudbus juvenibus Catanensibus, qui, flammis 
quondam repente ingruentibus, parentes senectute confec- 
tos, humeris sublatos, flammae b eripuisse feruntur. Nomina 
fratrum Amphinomus et Anapus fiierunt. 

22. Inter urbes Siciliae nulla est illustrior Syracusis, 
Corinthiorum colonia, ex quinque urbibus conflata. Ab 
Athenienslbus bello petita, maximas hostium copias delevit : 
Carthaginienses etiam magnis interdum cladibus affecit. 
Secundo bello Punico per triennium oppugnata, Archime- 
dis potissimum ingenio et arte defensa, a M. Marcello 
capta est. Vicinus huic urbi fons Arethusae Nymphae* 
sacer, ad quam Alpheus d amnis ex Peloponneso per mare 
Ionium lapsus f comissarij dicitur. Nam si quid ad 
Olympiam in ilium amnem jactum fuerit, id in Arethusae 

* Supply insularum. t Supply esse. 

X Infinitive denoting a purpose after lapsus esse. § 271, at the end 

a § 250. * § 224, R. 2. c § 222. d § 293 N 



112 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 

fonte reddi.* De ilia fabula quid statuendum sit,* sponte 
apparet. 

23. In mari Ligustico insula est Corsica, quam Graeci 
Cyrnum vocant. Terra aspera multisque locis 6 invia, 
coelum grave, mare circa importunum. Incolae latrociniis 
dediti feri sunt et horridi. Mella quoque illius insulae 
amara esse dicuntur corporibusque d nocere. Proxima ei 
est Sardinia, qua? a Graecis mercatoribus Ichnusa vocatur, 
quia formam humani vestigii habet. Solum 6 quam coelum 
melius. Illud fertile, hoc grave ac noxium. Noxia quo- 
que animalia herbasque venenatas gignit. Multum inde 
frumenti f Romam mittitur ; unde haec insula et Sicilia nu- 
trices urbis vocantur. 

24. Graecia nommis celebritate e omnes fere alias orbis 
terrarum regidnes superavit. Nulla enim magnorum inge- 
niorum h fuit feracior ; neque ulla belli pacisque artes ma- 
jore studio excoluit. Plurimas eadem colonias in omnes 
terras partes deduxit. Multum itaque terra marique valuit, 
et gravissima bella magna cum gloria gessit. 

25. Graecia inter Ionium et iEgaeum mare porrigltur. 
In plurimas regiones divisa est, quarum amplissimae sunt 
Macedonia et Epirus — quamquam hae a nonnullis a Grae- 
cia sejunguntur — turn Thessalia. Macedoniam Philippi 
et Alexandri regnum illustravit; quorum ille i Graeciam 
subegit, hic i Asiam latissime domuit, ereptumque Persist 
imperium in Macedones transtulit. Centum ejus regionis 
et quinquaginta urbes numerantur; quarum septuaginta 

* Supply dicitur. 
a § 265. e § 209, R. 4. * § 213. 

* § 254, R. 3. / § 212, R. 3. * § 207, R. 23. 

e § 235, R. 4. * § 250. i § 224, R. 2 

<* § 223 R. 2. 



NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 113 

duas, Perseo, ultimo Macedonia? rege, superato, Paullus 
iEmilius diripuit. 

26. Epirus, quae ab Acrocerauniis incipit montibus, 
desinit in Acheloo flumme. Plures earn populi incolunt. 
Illustris ibi Doddna in Moloss5rum finibus, vetustissimo 
Jo vis oraculo inelyta. Columbae ibi ex arboribus oracula 
dedisse narrantur; quercusque ipsas et lebetes aeneos 
inde suspensos deorum voluntatem tinnitu significasse" 
fama est. 

27. Acheloi fluvii ostiis insulae aliquot objacent, qua- 
rum maxima est Cephallenia. Multae praeterea insulae 
littori Epiri adjacent, interque eas Corey ra, quam Home- 
rus Scheriam appellasse existimatur. In hae Phaeacas 
posuit ille et hortos Alcinoi. Coloniam hue deduxerunt 
Corinthii, quo 6 tempore Numa Pompilius Romae regna- 
vit. Vicina ei Ithaca, Ulyssis patria, aspera montibus, 
sed Homeri carminibus adeo nobilitata, ut d ne fertilissimis 
quidem regionibus cedat. 

28. Thessalia late patet inter Macedoniam et Epirum, 
fcecunda regio, generosis praecipue equis* excellens, unde 
Thessalomm equitatus celebemmus. Montes ibi memo- 
rabiles Olympus, in quo deorum sedes esse existimatur, 
Pelion et Ossa, per quos 7 gigantes ccelum petivisse dicun- 
tur; (Eta denique, in cujus vertice Hercules, rogo con- 
scenso, se ipsunr cremavit. Inter Ossam* et Olympum 
Peneus, limpid issimus amnis, delabitur, vallem amcenissi- 
mam, Tempe vocatam, irrigans. 

29. Inter reliquas Graeciae regiones nommis claritate 
emmet Attica, quae etiam Atthis vocatur. Ibi Athenae, 



tt § 272. 


* § 262, R. 1. 


« § 207, R. 28. 


* § 206, (3.) 


e § 250. 


» § 235, R, 2 


c § 221, 1. 


/ § 247, R. 4. 




10* 







114 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 

de qua urbe deos inter se certasse fama est. Certius est,* 
nullam unquam urbem tot poetas tulisse, tot oratores, tot 
philosophos, totque in omni virtutis genere claros viros. 
Res autem bello eas gessit, ut huic soli 6 gloriae c studere 
videretur ; pacisque artes ita excoluit, ut hac laude magis 
etiam quam belli gloria splenderet. Arx ibi sive Acropo- 
lis d urbi imminens, unde latus in mare prospectus patet. 
Per propylaea ad earn adscenditur,' splendidum Periclis 
opus. Cum ipsa urbe per longos muros conjunctus est 
portus Piraeeus, post bellum Persicum secundum a The- 
mistocle munitus. Tutissima ibi statio navium. 

30. Atticam attingit Boeotia, fertilissima regio. Incolae 
magis corporibus 7 valent quam ingeniis. Urbs celeber- 
rima Thebse/ quas Amphion musices ope moenibus 
cinxisse dicitur. Illustravit earn Pindari poetse ingenium, 
Epaminondse virtus. Mons d ibi Helicon,* Musarum sedes, 
et Cithaeron plurimis poetarum fabulis celebratus. 

31. Boeotiae* Phocis finitima, ubi Delphi urbs claris- 
sima. In qua urbe oraculum Apollmis quantam apud 
omnes gentes auctoritatem habuerit/ quot quamque prse- 
clara munera ex omni fere terrarum orbe Delphos h missa 
fberint, nemo ignSrat. Imminet urbi Parnassus mons, in 
cujus verticibus Musae habitare dicuntur, unde aqua fontis 
Castalii poetarum ingenia inflammare existimatur. 

32. Cum ea parte Graeciae, quam hactenus descripsi- 
mus, cohaeret ingens peninsula, quae Peloponnesus voca- 
tur, platani folio simillima. Angustus ille trames inter 

* What is the predicate of this proposition ? 
a § 269. * § 209, R. 4. * § 265. 

» § 107. * § 209, R. 3, (2.) * § 237 

e § 223. / § 250. 



NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 115 

iEgaeum mare et Ionium, per quem cum Megaride cohae- 
ret, Isthmus appellator. In eo templum Neptuni est, ad 
quod ludi celebrantur Isthmici. Ibidem in ipso Pelopon- 
nesi aditu, Corinthus sita est, urbs antiquissima, ex cujus 
siiramr arce, (Acrocorinthon 6 appellant,*) utrumque mare 
conspieitur. Quum opibus floreret, maritimisque valeret 
copiis, gravia bella gessit. In bello Achaico, quod Roma- 
ni cum Graecis gesserunt, pulcherrima urbs, quam Cicero 
Graeciae lumen appellat, a L. Mummio expugnata funditus- 
que deleta est. Restituit earn Julius Caesar, colonosque 6 
eo milites veteranos misit. 

33. Nobilis est in Peloponneso urbs Olympia, templo 
Jo vis Olympii ac statua illustris. Statua ex ebore facta, 
Phidiae summi artificis opus praestantissimum. Prope 
illud templum ad Alphei flummis ripas ludi celebrantur 
Olympici, ad quos videndos d ex tota Graecia concurritur/ 
Ab his ludis Graeca gens res gestas suas numerat. 

34. Nee Spaita praetereunda est, urbs nobilissima, 
quam Lycurgi leges, civiumque virtus et patientia illustra- 
vit/ Nulla fere gens bellica laude ff magis floruit, plu- 
resque viros fortes constantesque genuit. Urbi immmet 
mons Taygetus, qui usque ad Arcadiam procurrit. Proxi- 
me urbem 71 Enrotas fluvius delabitur, ad cujus ripas Spar- 
tani se exercere solebant. In Sinum Lagonicum efFundl- 
tur. Haud procul inde abest promontorium Taenarum, 
ubi altissimi specus, per quos Orpheum ad inferos de» 
scendisse narrant. 1 

35. Mare iEgaeum, inter Graeciam Asiamque patens 





* Supply quam. § 230. 




a § 205, R. 17. 


* § 275, III., R. 3. 


' § 250. 


6 § 54 


' § 184, 2. 


* § 235, (5,) R. 5. 


e § 230, R. 2. 


/ § 209, R. 12, (3.) 


« § 209, R. 2, (2.) 



116 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 

plunmis insulis distinguitur. Illustres inter eas sunt Cycla- 
des, sic appellatae, quia in orbem jacent. Media earum* 
est DeluSj quae repente e mari enata esse dicitur. In ea 
insula Latona Apollmem et Dianam peperit, quae numina 
ibi una cum matre summa religione coluntur. Urbi im- 
minet Cynthus, mons excelsus et arduus. Inopus amnis 
pariter cum Nilo decrescere et augeri dicitur. Mercatus in 
Delo celeberrimus, quod ob portus commoditatem templi- 
que religionem mercat5res ex toto orbe terrarum eo con- 
fluebant. Eandem ob causam civitates Graeciae, post 
secundum Persicum bellum, tributa ad belli usum in earn 
msulam, tanquam in commune totius Graeciae aerarium, 
conferebant ; quam pecuniam insequenti tempore Atheni- 
enses in suam urbem transtulerunt. 

36. Eubcea insula littori 6 Boeotiae et Atticae praetendi- 
tur, angusto freto a continenti distans. Terrae motu a 
JBoeotia avulsa esse creditur ; saepius earn concussam esse c 
constat. Fretum, quo a Graecia sejungitur, vocatur Eurl- 
pus, saevum et aestuosum mare, quod continuo motu agita- 
tur. Nonnulli dicunt septies quovis die statis tempori- 
bus fluctus alterno motu agitari ; alii hoc negant, dicentes, 
mare temere in venti modum hue illuc moveri. Sunt, 
qui . narrent/ Aristotelem philosophum, quia hujus mirac- 
lili causas investigare non posset/ aegritudine confec- 
tum esse. 

37. Jam ad Boreales regi5nes pergamus/ Supra Ma- 
cedoniam Thracia porrigitur a Ponto Zuxino usque ad 
Illyriam. Regio frigida et in iis tantum partibus foecun 
dior, quae propi5res sunt mari. Pomif erae arbores rarae , 
frequentiores vites ; sed uvae non maturescunt, nisi frigus 

a § 212. c § 269. * § 2G6, 2. 

6 § 224. * § 264, 6. / § 260, R. 6. 



NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 117 

studiose arcetur. Sola Thasus, insula littori Thraciae ad- 
jacens, vino excellit. Amnes sunt celeberrimi Hebrus, ad 
quern Orpheus a Maenadibus discerptus esse dicitur ; Nestus 
et Stiymon. Montes altissimi, Haemus, ex cujus vertice 
Pontus et Adria conspicitur ; Rhodope et Orbelus. 

38. Plures Thraciam gentes incolunt nominibus diver- 
sae et moribus. Inter has Getae omnium sunt ferocissimi 
et ad mortem paratissimi." Animas enim post mortem 
redituras existimant. Recens nati apud eos deflentur; 
funera autem cantu lusuque celebrantur. Plures singuli 
uxores habent. Hse omnes, viro defiincto, mactari simul- 
que cum eo sepeliri cupiunt, magnoque id certamine a 
judicibus 6 contendunt. Virgines non a parentibus tra- 
duntur viris, sed aut publice ducendae locantur, aut vene- 
unt. Form5s33 in pretio sunt; ceterae maritos mercede 
data inveniunt. 

39. Inter urbes Thracise memorable est Byzantium, 
ad Bosporum Thracium, urbs natura munita et arte, quae 
cum c ob soli fertilitatem, turn ob vicinitatem maris omnium 
rerum, quas vita requirit, eopia d abundat. Nee Sestos 
praetereunda est silentio, urbs ad Hellespontum posita, quam 
amor Herus et Leandri memorab2em reddidit ; nee Cynos- 
sema, tumulus Hecubae, ubi ilia, post Trojam dirutam, in 
canem mutata et sepulta esse dicitur. Nomen etiam habet 
in iisdem regionlbus urbs iEnos, ab iEnea e patria pro- 
fugo condita; Zone, ubi nemora Orpheum canentem 
secuta esse nan^antur ; Abdera denique, ubi Diomedes rex 
advenas equis suis devorandos objiciebat, donee ipse ab 
Hercule iisdem objectus est. Quae urbs quum ranarum 
muriumque multitudme infestaretur, incolae, relicto patriae 

• § 222, R. 4. * § 231, R. 2. e § 278, R. 7. * § 250, (2.) 



118 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 

solo, novas sedes quaesiverunt. Hos Cassander, rex Ma- 
cedonian, in societatem accepisse, agrosque in extrema* 
Macedonia assignasse dicitur. 

40. Jam de Scythis pauca dicenda sunt. Terminatut 
Scythia ab uno latere Ponto Euxino, ab altero montibus 
Rhipasis, a tergo Asia et Phaside flumine. Vasta regio 
nullis fere intus finibus dividitur. Scythae enim nee 
agrum exercent, nee certas sedes habent, sed armenta et 
pecora pascentes per incultas solitudmes errare solent. 
Uxores liberosque secum in plaustris vehunt. Lacte et 
melle vescuntur; aurura et argentum, cujus nullus apud 
eos usus est, aspernantur. Corpora pellibus 6 vestiunt. 

41. Diversae sunt Scytharum gentes, diversique mores. 
Sunt, qui funera parentum festis sacrificiis celebrent, c 
eorumque capitibus affabre expolitis auroque vinctis pro 
poculis utantur. Agathyrsi ora et corpora pingunt, idque* 
tanto d magis, quanto quis e illustrioribus gaudet majoribus/ 
Ii, qui Tauricam Chersonesum incolunt, antiquissimis 
temporibus advenas Dianae mactabant. Interius habitan- 
tes ceteris^ rudiores sunt. Bella amant, et quo quis* plu- 
res hostes interemerit, eo d maj5re existimatione apud suos A 
habetur. Ne foedera quidem incmenta sunt. Sauciant 
se qui paciscuntur, sanguinemque permistum degustant. 
Id fidei pignus certissimum esse putant. 

42. Maxima flummum Scythicorum sunt Ister, qui et 
Danubius vocatur, et Borysthenes. De Istro supra dictum 
est.* Borysthenes, ex ignotis fontibus ortus, liquidissimas 

* Supply faciunt. 

a § 205, R. 17. d § 256, R. 16. * § 256. 

* § 249, I. • § 137, 1, (c.) a § 205, R. 7, (1,) N. 

c § 264, 6. / § 245, II • § 225, III., R. 1. 



NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 119 

aquas trahit et potatu* jucundas. Placidus idem laetissima 
pabiila alit. Magno spatio navigabflis juxta urbem Borys- 
thenida 6 in Pontum effunditur. 

43. Ultra Rhipaeos montes et Aquil5nem gens habitare 
existimatur felicissima, Hyperboreos * appellant. Regio 
apnea, felix coeli temperies omnique affiatu c noxio carens. 
Semel in anno sol iis oritur solstitio/ bruma semel occidit. 
Incolae in nemoribus et lucis habitant ; sine omni discor- 
dia et aegritudme vivunt. Quum vitae 6 eos 7 taedet, epulis 
sumptis ex rupe se in mare praecipitant. Hoc enim sepul- 
ture genus beatissimum esse existimant. 

44. Asia ceteris terras partlbus est amplior. Oceanus 
earn alluit, ut locis ita nominibus differens ; Ecus ab ori- 
ente, a meridie Indicus, a septentrione Scythicus. Asiae 
nomine appellatur etiam peninsula, quae a mari iEgaeo 
usque ad Armeniam patet. In hac parte est Bithynia ad 
Propontidem sita, ubi Granicus in mare efrunditur, ad quem 
amnera Alexander, rex Macedonia^ primam victoriam de 
Persis reportavit. Trans ilium amnera sita est Cyzicus in 
cervice peninsulae, urbs nobilissima, a Cyzico appellata, 
qui in illis regionibus ab Argonautis pugna occisus est. 
Haud procul ab ilia urbe Rhyndacus in mare effunditur, 
circa quem angues nascuntur, non solum ob magnitudmem 
mirabiles, sed etiam ob id, quod, quum ex aqua emergunt 
et hiant, supervobntes aves absorbent. 

45. Propontis cum Ponto jungitur per Bosporum/ quod 
fretum quinque stadia latum Europam ab Asia separat. 
Ipsis in faucibus Bospori oppidum est Chalcedon,f ab 

* Supply quam. I Supply condila. 

■ § 276, III. d § 253. / § 229, R. 6. 

6 § 80, I. e § 215, (1.) * § 247, R. 4 

c § 250, (2.) 



120 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 

Argia, Megarensium principe, et templum Jo vis, ab Jasone 
conditum. Pontus ipse ingens est maris sinus, non molli 
neque arenoso circumdatus littore, tempestatibus* obnoxi- 
us, raris stationibus. 6 Olim ob saevitatem populdrum, qui 
circa habitant, Axenus appellatus fuisse dicitur; postea, 
mollitis illorum moribus, dictus est Euxlnus. 

46. In littore Ponti, in Mariandynorum agro, urbs est 
Heraclea, ab Hercule, ut fertur, condita. Juxta earn spe- 
lunca est Acherusia, quam ad Manes perviam esse existi- 
mant. c Hinc Cerberus ab Hercule extractus fuisse dicitur. 
Ultra fluvium Thermodonta Mossyni habitant. Hi totum 
corpus distinguunt notis. Reges suffragio eligunt ; eosdem 
in turre lignea inclusos arctissime custodiunt, et, si quid 
perperam imperitaverint, rf inedia totius diei afficiunt. Ex- 
ternum Ponti angulum Colchi tenent ad Phasidem ; quae 
loca fabula de vellere aureo et Argonautarurn expeditio 
illustravit. 

47. Inter provincias Asiae proprie dictae illustris est 
Ionia, in duodecim civitates divisa. Inter eas est Miletus, 
belli pacisque artibus inclyta; eique vicinum Panionium, 
sacra regio, quo omnes Ionum civitates statis temporibus 
legatos solebant mittere. Nulla facile 6 urbs plures colo- 
nias misit, quam Miletus. Ephesi, quam 7 urbem Amaz- 
ones condidisse traduntur, templum est Dianae, quod sep- 
tem mundi miraculis^ annumerari solet. Totius templi 
longitudo est quadringentdrum viginti quinque pedum/ 
latitudo ducentorum viginti ; columnae centum viginti sep- 
tem numero, sexaginta pedum altitudine ; ex lis triginta 
sex caelatae. Operi praefuit Chersiphron architectus. 

a § 222. d § 209, R. 2, (1,) (6.) « § 224. 

* § 211, R. 6. e § 277, R. 7. * § 211, R. 6 

c § 209, R. 2, (2.) / § 206, (3.) 



NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 121 

48. jEolis olim Mysia appellata," et, ubi Hellespontum 
attingit, Troas. Ibi Ilium fuit situm ad radices montis 
Idae, urbs bello, quod per decern annos cum universa 
Graecia gessit, clarissima. Ab Idseo monte Scamander de- 
fluit et Simois, amnes fama quam natura maj5res. lpsum 
montem certamen* dearum Paridisque judicium illustrem 
reddidit. In littore clarae sunt urbes Rboeteum et Dar- 
dania; sed sepulcrum Ajacis, qui ibi post certamen cum 
Ulysse gladio incubuit, utraque f clarius. 

49. Ionibus 6 Cares sunt finitimi, populus arm5rum c 
bellique adeo amans, ut aliena etiam bella mercede ac- 
cepta gereret. Princeps Cariae urbs Halicarnassus, Ar- 
givorum colonia, regum sedes olim. Unus eorum Mau- 
s5lus fuit. Qui quum vita d defunctus esset, Artemisia 
conjux desiderio mariti flagrans, ossa ejus cineresque con- 
tusa cum aqua miscuit ebibitque, splendidumque prseterea 
sepulcrum exstruxit, quod inter septem orbis terrarum 
miracula censetur. 

50. Cilicia sita est in intimo recessu maris, ubi Asia 
proprie sic dicta cum Syria conjungitur. Sinus ille ab 
urbe Isso Issici nomen habet. Fluvius ibi Cydnus aqua* 
limpidissima et frigidissima, in quo Alexander Macedo 
quum lavaret/ parum abfuit, quin frigore enecaretur/ 
Antrum Corycium in iisdem regionibus ob singularem 
naturam memorabile est. Ingenti illud hiatu patet im 
monte arduo, alteque demissum undique viret lucis pen- 
dentibus. Ubi ad ima perventum est/ rursus aliud antrum 
aperitur. Ibi sonitus cymbalorum ingredientes * terrere 

* See " Mythology," section 11. t Supply urbe. 

° § 209, R. 4. * § 245, 1. * § 262. 

5 § 222. « § 211, R. 6. * § 184, 2. 

' § 2]3. / § 229, R. 4, 1. * § 205, R. 7, (1,) N 

11 



122 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 

dicitur. Totus hie specus augustus est et vere sacer, et a 
diis habitari existimatur. 

51. E Cilicia egressos" Syria excipit, cujus pars est 
Phoenice in littore maris interni posita. Hanc regionem 
sollers hominum genus colit. Phoenices enim litterarum 
formas a se inventas aliis populis tradiderunt ; alias etiam 
artes, quae ad navigationem et mercaturam spectant, studi- 
ose coluerunt. Ceterum fertilis regio, & crebrisque flumini- 
bus rigata, quorum ope terrae marisque opes facili negotio 
inter se c permutantur. NobilissTmae Phoenices urbes Si- 
don, antequam a Persis caperetur, maritimarum urbium 
maxima, et Tyrus, aggere cum terra conjuncta. Purpura 
hujus urbis omnium pretiosissima. Conficitur ille color ex 
succo in conchis, quae etiam purpurae vocantnr, latente. 

52. Ex Syria descenditur d in Arabiam, peninsulam 
inter duo maria, Rubrum et Persicum, porrectam. Hujus 
ea pars, quae ab urbe Petra Petraeae nomen accepit, plane 
est sterilis ; hanc excipit ea, quae ob vastas solitudines 
Deserta vocatur. His partibus adhaeret Arabia Felix, regio 
angusta, sed cinnami, thuris aliorumque odorum, feracissi- 
ma. Multae ibi gentes sunt, quae fixas sedes non babe- 
ant/ Nomades a Graecis appellatae. Lacte et carne ferina 
vescuntur. Multi etiam Arabum populi latrociniis 7 vivunt. 
Primus e Romanis iElius Gallus in hanc terram cum exer- 
c~tu penetravit. 

53. Camelos inter armenta pascit Oriens. Duo harum 
sunt genera, Bactrianae et Arabiae. Illae bina habent in 
dorso tubera, hae singula ; unum autem sub pectore, cui 
incumbant. Dentium ordme^ superiore carent. Sitim A 

a § 205, R. 7, (1,) N. d § 184,2. * § 250, (2.) 

* § 209, R. 4. e § 264, 1. * § 79, 2. 

c § 208, (5.) / § 245, II 



NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 123 

quatriduo tolerant; aquam, antequam bibant, pedibus 
turbant. Vivunt quinquagenis annis \ quaedam etiam 
centenis. 6 

54. Ex Arabia pervenitur in Babyloniam, cui Babylon 
nomen dedit, Chaldaicarum gentium caput, urbs et magni- 
tudine et divitiis clara. Semiramis earn condiderat, vel, ut 
multi crediderunt, Belus, cujus regia ostenditur. Mums 
exstructus latere ulo c coctili, triginta et duos pedes' 1 est 
latus, ita ut quadrigae inter se occurrentes sine periculo 
commeare dicantur ; altitudo ducentomm pedum ; turres 
autem denis 6 pedibus d quam mums altidres sunt. Totius 
operis ambitus sexaginta millia passuum complectitur. 
Mediam urbem 6 permeat Euphrates. Arcem habet vigin- 
ti stadiorum 7 ambitu;^ super ea pensiles horti conspiciun- 
tur, tantaeque sunt moles tamque firmae, ut onera nemorum 
sine detrimento ferant. 

55. Amplissima Asiae regio A India primum patefacta est 
armis Alexandri Magni, regis Macedonia^ cujus exemplum 
success5res secuti in interiora* Indiae penetraverunt. In 
eo tractu, quern Alexander subegit, quinque millia J oppido- 
mm fuisse, gentesque novem, Indiamque tertiam partem 
esse terrarum omnium, ejus comites scripserunt. Ingentes 
ibi sunt amnes, Indus et Indo * major Ganges. Indus in 
Paropamiso ortus undeviginti amnes recipit, totidem Gan- 
ges interque eos plures navigabiles. 

56. Maxima in India gignuntur animalia. Canes ibi 
grandiores ceteris. Arbores tantae proceritatis esse tra- 
duntur, ut sagittis superjaci nequeant. Hoc l efficit uber- 



a § 236. 


e § 233. 


* § 212, R. 3, N. 4 


* § 119, III. 


/ | 211, R. 6. 


/ § 272. 


c § 249, I. 


*§ 250. 


*§ 256. 


* § 256, R. 16. 


* § 204. 


" § 206, (13.) 



124 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 

tas soli, temperies coeli, aquarum abundantia. Immanes 
quoque serpentes alit, qui elephantos morsu et ambitu cor- 
poris conficiunt. Solum tam pingue et ferax, ut mella 
frondibus" defluant, sylvae lanas ferant, arundmum inter- 
nodia fissa cymbarum usum praebeant, binosque, quaedam 
etiam ternos homines, vehant. 

57. Incolarum habitus moresque diversi. Lino 6 alii 
vestiuntur et lanis arborum, alii ferarum aviumque pellibus, 
pars nudi c incedunt/ Quidam animalia occidere eorum- 
que carnibus vesci nefas putant;* alii piscibus tantum 
aluntur. Quidam parentes et propinquos, prius quam an- 
nis et macie conficiantur, velut hostias caedunt eorumque 
visceribus* epulantur; ubi senectus eos morbusve invadit, 
mortem in solitudine aequo animo exspectant. Ii, qui 
sapientiam profitentur, ab ortu solis ad occasum stare solent, 
solem immobilibus oculis intuentes ; ferventibus arenis toto 
die alternis pedibus insistunt. Mortem non exspectant, 
sed sponte arcessunt in rogos incensos se praecipitantes. 

58. Maximos India elephantos gignit, adeoque fer5ces, 
ut Afri elephanti illos paveant, nee contueri audeant. Hoc 
annual cetera omnia docilitate superat. Discunt arma 
jacere, gladiatorum more congredi, saltare et per funes 
incedere. Plinius narrat, Romae unum segnioris ingenii 
saepius castigatum esse verberibus, quia tardius 7 accipie- 
bat, quae tradebantur ; eundem repertum esse noctu eadem 
meditantem. Elephanti gregatim semper ingrediuntur. 
Ducit agmen maximus natu/ cogit is, qui aetate ei est 



* What are the accusatives after putant f § 230. 

• § 242. d § 209, R. 11. * § 250. 

> § 249. • § 245, II. 

e § 205, R. 3. / § 256, R. 9. 



NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 125 

proximus. Amnem transituri minimos praemittunt. Ca- 
piuntur foveis. In has ubi elephas deciderit, ceteri ramos 
congerunt, aggeres construunt, omnlque vi conantur extra- 
here. Domantur fame et verberibus. Domiti militant et 
turres armatorum in hostes ferunt, magnaque ex parte 
Orientis bella conficiunt. Totas acies prosternunt, armatos 
proterunt. Ingens dentibus pretium. In Graecia ebur ad 
deorum simulacra tanquam pretiosissima materia adhibe- 
tur ; in extremis b Africae postium vicem in domiciliis prae- 
bet, sepesque in pecorum stabulis elephant5rum dentibus 
fiunt. Inter omnia animalia a maxime oderunt c murem. 
Infestus elephanto etiam rhinoceros, qui nomen habet a 
cornu, quod in naso gerit. In pugna maxime adversarii 
alvum petit, quam scit esse molliorem. Longitudine 
elephantum fere exsequat ; crura multo breviora ; color 
buxeus. 

59. Etiam Psittacos India mittit. Haec avis humanas 
voces optime reddit. Quum loqui discit, ferreo radio ver- 
beratur, aliter enim non sentit ictus. Capiti d ejus eadem 
est duritia, qua3 rostro. Quum devolat, rostro se excipit, 
eique innititur. 

60. Testudines tantae magnitudinis Indicum mare emit- 
tit, ut singularum testis casas integant. 6 Insiilas 7 rubri 
praecipue maris his navigant cymbis. Capiuntur obdor- 
miscentes in summa aqua, id^ quod proditur stertentium 
sonitu. Turn terni adnatant, a dudbus in dorsum vertitur, 
a tertio laqueus injicitur, atque ita a pluribus in littore 
stantibus trahitur. In mari testudines conchyliis vivunt; 
tanta enim oris est duritia, ut lapides comminuant; in 

° § 212, R. 2, N. 4. d § 226. / § 237, R. 5. 

& § 212, R. 3, N. 4. e § 209, R. 2, (2.) * § 206, (13.) 

- § 183, 3, N. 

11* 



126 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 

terram egressae, herbis. # Pariunt ova ovis avium similia, 
ad centena numero ; eaque extra aquarn defossa terra 
cooperiunt. 

61. Margaritas Indici oceani omnium maxime laudan- 
tur. Inveniuntur in conchis scopulis adhaerentibus. Maxi- 
ma laus est in candore, magnitudme, laevore, pondere. 
Raro duae inveniuntur, quae sibi ex omni parte sint similes. 
Has auribus" suspendere, 6 feminarum est gloria. Duos 
maximos uniones Cleopatra, iEgypti regina, habuisse dici- 
tur. Horum unum, ut Antonium magnificentia superaret, 
in coena aceto solvit, solutum hausit. 

62. jEgyptus, inter Catabathmum et Arabas posita, a 
plurimis ad Asiam refertur ; alii Asiam Arabico sinu termi- 
nari existimant. Haec regio, quanquam expers c est imbri- 
um/ mire tamen est fertilis. Hoc 6 Nilus efficit, omnium 
fluviorum, qui in mare internum effiinduntur, maximus. 
Hie in desertis Africae oritur, turn ex ^Ethiopia descendit 
in iEgyptum, ubi de altis rupibus praecipitatus usque ad 
Elephantidem urbem fervens adhuc decurrit. Turn demum 
fit placidior. Juxta Cercasorum oppidum in plures amnes 
dividitur, et tandem per septem ora effiinditur in mare. 

63. Nilus, nivibus in iEthiopiae montibus solutis, cres- 
cere incipit Luna nova post solstitium per quinquaginta 
fere dies; totidem diebus minuitur. Justum incrementum 
est cubit5rum sedecim. Si minores sunt aquae, non omnia 
rigant. Maximum incrementum fuit cubit5rum duodevi- 
ginti ; minimum quinque. Quum stetere aquae, aggeres 
aperiuntur, et arte aqua in agros immittitur. Quum omnis 
recesserit, agri irrigati et limo obducti seruntur. 

* Supply vivunt. 
a § 224. * § 213. * § 206, (13.^ 

• § 269. <* §§ 82, E. 5, and 83. 1. 



NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 127 

64. Nilus crocodllum alit, belluam quadrupedem, in 
terra non minus quam in flumine hominibus infestam. 
Unum hoc animal terrestre linguae usu caret; dentium 
plures habet ordines ; maxilla inferior est immob3is. Mag- 
nitudine excedit plerumque duodeviginti cubita. Parit 
ova anserinis* non maj5ra. Ungulbus etiam armatus 
est, et cute contra omnes ictus invicta. Dies in terra 
agit, noctes in aqua. Quum satur est, et in littore somnum 
capit ore hiante, trochilus, parva avis, dentes ei faucesque 
purgat. Sed hiantem conspicatus ichneumon, per eas- 
dem fauces ut telum aliquod immissus, erodit alvum. 
Hebetes oculos dicitur habere in aqua, extra aquam acer- 
rimos. Tentyritae in insula Nili habitantes, dirae huic 
belluae a obviam ire audent, eamque incredibUi audacia 
expugnant. 

65. Aliam etiam belluam Nilus alit, hippopotamum ; 
ungiilis h bin is, dorso c equi et juba et hinnitu ; rostro resi- 
mo, cauda et dentibus aprorum. Cutis impenetrabilis, 
praeterquam si humore madeat. Primus hippopotamum 
et quinque crocodilos M. Scaurus aedilitatis suae ludis d 
Romae ostendit. 

66. Multa in iEgypto mira sunt et artis et naturae ope 
ra. Inter ea, quae manibus hominum facta sunt, eminent 
pyramides, quarum maximae sunt et celeberrimae in monte 
sterili inter Memphin oppidum et earn partem iEgypti, 
quae Delta vocatur. Amplissimam earum trecenta sexa- 
ginta sex c hominum millia annis viginti exstruxisse tra- 
duntur. Haec octo jugera soli occupat ; unumquodque latus 
octingentos octoginta tres pedes longum est ; altitudo a 

* Supply ovis. 
a § 228. e § 211, R. 6, (1.) • § 279, 7 

» § 211, R. 6. d 5 253. 



128 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 

cacumme pedum quindecim millium. Intus in ea est pu- 
teus octoginta sex cubit5rum. Ante has pyramides Sphinx 
est posita mirae magnitudinis. Capitis ambitus centum* 
duos pedes habet ; longitudo est pedum centum quadra- 
ginta trium ; altitude a ventre usque ad summum capitis 
apicem sexaginta duorum. 

67. Inter miraciila iEgypti commemoratur etiam Mce- 
ris lacus, quingenta millia passuum in circuitu patens ; 
Labyrinthus ter mille domos et regias duodecim uno pari- 
ete amplexus, totus marmore b exstructus tectusque ; turris 
denique in insula Pharo, a Ptolemaeo, Lagi filio, condita. 
Usus c ejus navibus noctu ignes ostendere ad prsenuntian- 
da d vada portusque introitum. 

68. In palustribus iEgypti regionibus papyrum nasci- 
tur. Radicibus incolae pro ligno utuntur ; ex ipso autem 
papyro navigia texunt, e libro vela 5 tegetes, vestem ac 
funes. Succi causa etiam mandunt modo crudum, modo 
decoctum. Praeparantur ex eo etiam chartae. Chartse ex 
papyro usus post Alexandri demum victorias repertus est. 
Prirno enim scriptum* in palmarum foliis, deinde in libris 
quarundam arborum ; postea public a monimenta plumbeis 
tabulis confici, aut marmoribus mandari coepta sunt Tan- 
dem aemulatio regum Ptolemaei et Eumenis in bibliothecis 
condendis occasionem dedit membranas* Pergami invenien- 
di. Ab eo inde tempore libri modo in charta ex papyro 
facta, modo in membranis scripti sunt. 

69. Mores incolarum iEgypti ab ali5rum populorum 
moribus vehementer discrepant. Mortuos nee cremant, 
nee sepeliunt ; verum arte medicatos intra penetralia collo- 



* Supply est ab hominlbus. 


§ 141, R. 




a § 120, 2. c § 209, R. 4. 




' 5 275, 1. 


* § 249. d § 275, R. 3 







NATIONS OF ANTIQ.UITY. 129 

cant. Negotia extra domos femmae, viri domos et res 
domesticas curant ; onera illae humeris, hi capitibus gerunt. 
Colunt effigies multorum animalium et ipsa aiiimalia. 
Haec interfecisse a capitale est ; morbo exstincta lugent et 
sepeliunt. 

70. Apis omnium JEgypti populorum numen est ; bos 
niger cum Candida in dextro latere macula ; nodus sub lin- 
gua, quern cantharum appellant. Non fas est eum certos 
vitae annos excedere. Ad hunc vitae terminum quum 
pervenerit, mersum in fonte enecant. Necatum lugent, 
aliumque quaerunt, quem ei substituant ; nee tamen unquam 
diu quaeritur. Delubra ei sunt gemma, quae thalamos 
vocant, ubi populus auguria captat. Alterum* intrasse 
laetum est; in altero dira portendit. Pro bono etiam ha- 
betur signo, si e manibus consulentium cibum capit. In 
publicum procedentem grex puer5rum comitatur, carmen- 
que in ejus honorem canunt, & idque videtur intelligere. 

71. Ultra iEgyptum -^thiopes habitant. Horum pop- 
uli quidam Macrobii vocantur, quia paulo quam nos diutius 
vivunt. Plus auri c apud eos reperitur, quam saris ; hanc 
ob causam aes illis videtur pretiosius. JEre se exornant, 
vincula auro d fabricant. Lacus est apud eos, cujus aqua 
tarn est liquida atque levis, ut nihil eorum, quae immittun- 
tur, sustinere queat ; quare arborum quoque folia non in- 
natant aquae, sed pessum aguntur. 

72. Africa ab oriente terminatur Nilo ; a ceteris parti- 
bus mari. Regiones ad mare positae eximie sunt fertiles ; 
interiores incultae et arenis sterilibus tectae, et ob nimium 



Supply thus : [Apim] alterum \thaldmum] intrdsse latum est. 

° § 269. c § 212, R. 3. d § 249, I. 

* § 209, R. 11, (2.) 



130 OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 

calorem desertas. Prima pars ab occidente est Maurita- 
nia. Ibi mons praealtus Abyla, Calpae monti in Hispania 
oppositus. Hi montes columnse Herculis appellantur. 
Fama est, ante Herculem mare internum terris inclusum 
fuisse, nee exltum habuisse in Oceanum ; Herculem autem 
junctos montes diremisse et mare junxisse cum Oceano. 
Ceterum regio ilia est ignobilis et parvis tantum oppidis 
habitatur. Solum melius quam incolae. 

73. Numidia magis culta et opulentior. Ibi satis longo 
a littore intervallo saxa cernuntur attrita fluctibus, spinae 
piscium, ostreorumque fragmenta, ancorae etiam cautibus 
infixae, et alia ejusmodi signa maris olim usque ad ea loca 
efTusi. Finitima regio, a promontorio Met agon io ad aras 
Philaen5rum, proprie vocatur Africa. Urbes in ea celeber- 
rimae Utica et Carthago, ambae a Phoenicibus conditae. 
Carthaginem divitiae, mercatura imprimis comparatae, turn 
bella cum Romanis gesta, excidium denique illustravit.* 

74. De aris Philaen5rum haec narrantur. Pertinacis- 
sima fuerat contentio inter Carthaginem et Cyrenas de 
finibus. Tandem placuit, 6 utrinque eodem tempore juve- 
nes mitti, et locum, quo convenissent, pro finibus haberi. 
Carthaginiensium legati, Philaeni fratres, paulo ante tem- 
pus constitutum egressi esse dicuntur. Quod quum Cyre- 
nensium legati intellexissent, magnaque exorta esset con- 
tentio, tandem Cyrenenses dixerunt, se turn demum hunc 
locum pro finibus habituros esse, si Philaeni se ibi vivos 
obrui passi essent. c Illi conditionem acceperunt. Car- 
thaginienses autem animosis juvenibus in illis ipsis locis, 
ubi vivi sepulti sunt, aras consecraverunt, eorumque virtu- 
tern aeternis honoribus prosecuti sunt. 

a § 209, R. 12, (3.) 6 § 269. c § 266, R. 4, 



NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 131 

75. Inde ad Catabathmum Cyrenaiea porrigitur, ubi 
Ammonis oraculum et fons quidam, quern Solis esse * dicunt. 
Hie fons media nocte fervet," turn paulatim tepescit ; sole 
oriente fit frigidus ; per meridiem maxime riget. Catabath- 
mus vallis est devexa versus iEgyptum. Ibi finitur Africa. 
Proximi his populi urbes non habent, sed in tuguriis vivunt, 
quae mapalia vocantur. Vulgus pecudum vestitur pellibus. 
Potus est lac succusque baccarum ; cibus caro. Interiores 
etiarn incultius vivunt. Sequuntur greges suos, utque hi 
pabulo ducuntur, ita illi tuguria sua promovent. Leges 
nullas habent, nee in commune consultant. Inter hos 
Troglodytae in speciibus habitant, serpentibusque aluntur. 

76. Ferarum Africa feracissima. Pardos, pantheras, 
leones gignit, quod belluarum genus Europa ignorat. Le- 
oni 6 praecipua generositas. Prostratis parcere dicitur; in 
infantes nonnisi surama fame ssevit. Animif ejus index 
cauda, quam, dum placidus est, imm5tam servat ; dum 
irascitur, terram et se ipsum c ea flagellat. Vis summa in 
pectore. Si fugere cogitur, contemptim cedit, quam dm 
spectari potest; in silvis acerrimo cursu fertur. Vulnera- 
tus peroussorem novit, d et in quantalibet multitudine appe- 
tit. Hoc tarn saevum animal gallinacei cantus terret. 
Domatur etiam ab hominibus. Hanno Pcenus primus 
i'eonem man suefac turn ostendisse dicitur. Marcus autem 
Antonius triumvir primus, post pugnam in campis Philip 
picis, Romas lednes ad currum junxit. 

77. Struthiocameli Afiici altitudmem equitis equo c in 
sidentis exaequant, celeritatem vincunt. Pennae ad hoc 
demum videntur datae, ut currentes adjuvent ; nam a terra 

* Supply fontem. t What is the predicate of this clauses* 

° § 145, I. 1. c § 207, R. 28. • § 224. 

& § 22G. d § 183,3, N 



132 OF THE GEOGRAPHY, &C. 

tolli non possunt. Ungulae cervinis sunt similes. His in 
fuga comprehendunt lapides, eosque contra sequentes jacu- 
lantur. Omnia concoquunt. Cetemm magna iis stolidi- 
tas, ita ut, quum caput et collum frutice occultaverint, se 
latere existiment. Pennae e5rum quaeruntur ad ornatum. 

78. Africa serpentes generat vicenum a cubitorum; 
nee minores India. Certe Megasthenes scribit, serpentes 
ibi in tantam magnitudmem adolescere, ut solidos hauriant 
cervos taurosque. In primo Punico bello ad flumen Ba- 
gradam serpens centum viginti pedum a Regulo, impera- 
tore Romano, ballistis et tormentis expugnata esse fertur. 
Pellis ejus et maxillae diu Romae in templo quodam asser- 
vatae sunt. In India serpentes perpetuum bellum cum 
elephantis gerunt. Ex arboribus se in praetereuntes # 
praecipitant gressusque ligant nodis. Hos nodos elephanti 
manu resolvunt. At dracones in ipsas elephantdrum nares 
caput condunt spiritumque praecludunt plerumque in ilia 
dimicatione utrique commoriuntur, dum victus elephas cor- 
mens serpentem pondere suo elidit. 



§ 119, III. * Supply illos 



DICTIONARY. 



EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS. 



a active. 

adj adjective. 

adv adverb. 

c. . . . common gender. 
camp. . . . comparative. 
conj. . . . conjunction. 

d doubtful gender. 

def. .... defective. 
dep. .... deponent. 
dim diminutive. 



f. feminine. 

freq frequentative. 

imp impersonal. 

inc inceptive. 

ind. .... indeclinable. 

int interjection. 

irr irregular. 

m masculine. 

n neuter. 

neut. pass, neuter passive. 



num. . . . numeral 
part. . . . participle. 
pass. . . . passive. 

pi plural. 

prep. . . . preposition. 

pret preteritive. 

pro pronoun. 

rel relative. 

subs. . . . substantive. 
sup superlative. 



$ This character refers to the sections of Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar. 



A., an abbreviation of Aulus. 
§328. 

A, ab, abs, prep./rom : ab oriente, 
on the east : a meridie, on the 
south. Before the agent of a 
passive verb, by. § 195, R. 2. 

Abdera, se, f. a maritime town of 
Thrace. 

Abdltus, a, um, part & adj. 
hidden ; concealed ; removed ; 
secret; from 

Abdo, abdere, abdldi, abdltum, a. 
(ab & do, § 172,) to remove 
from view; to hide; to con- 
ceal. 

Abduco, abducere, abduxi, ab- 
12 



ductum, a. (ab & duco,) to lead 

away. 
Abductus, a, um, part (abduco.) 
Abeo, abire, abii, abltum, irr. n. 

(ab & eo.) to go away ; to de- 
part. 
Aberro, are, avi, atum, n. (ab & 

erro,) to stray ; to wander ; 

to lose the way. 
Abjectus, a, um, part from 
Abjicio, abjicere, abjeci, abjec- 

tum, a. (ab & jacio, § 172,) 

to cast, to cast away; to 

throw aside. 
Abluo, ere, i, turn, a. (ab & ]uo,* 

to wash away ; to purify 



136 



ABRUMPO ACCIPIO. 



Abrumpo, abrumpere, abrupi, ab- 
ruptum, a. to break. 

Abscindo, abscindere, abscldi, 
abscissum, a. (ab & scindo,) 
to cut off. 

Absens, tis, part, (absum, § 154,) 
absent. 

Absolvo, absolvere, absolvi, ab- 
solutum, a. (ab & solvo,) to 
loose ; to release. 

Absorbeo, absorbere, absorbui 
& absorpsi, a. (ab & sorbeo, 
§ 168,) to suck in ; to swallow. 

Absterreo, ere, ui, ltum, a. (abs 
& terreo,) to /lighten away ; 
to deter. 

Abstinentia, se, f. abstinence ; dis- 
interestedness ; freedom from 
avarice; from 

Abstineo, abstinere, abstinui, a. 
(abs & teneo, § 168,) to keep 
from ; to abstain. 

Absum, abesse, abfui, irr. n. 
(ab & sum,) to be absent or 
distant; to be gone: parum 
abesse, to want but little ; to 
be near. 

Absumo, absumere, absumpsi, 
absumptum, a. (ab & sumo,) 
to consume ; to destroy ; to 
waste. 

Absumptus, a, um, part.( absumo.) 

Absurdus, a, um, adj. (ab & sur- 
dus, deaf; senseless,) sense- 
less ; absurd. 
Abundantia, se, f. plenty ; abun- 
dance; from 
Abundo, are, avi, atum, n. (ab & 



undo, to boil,) to overflow ; to 
abound. 
Abyla, se, f. Abyla; a mountain 
in Africa, at the entrance of 
the Mediterranean sea, oppo- 
site to mount Calpe in Spain. 
These mountains were an- 
ciently called the Pillars of 
Hercules. 
Ac, atque, conj. and ; as ; than. 

§ 198, R. 1. 
Acca, ae, f. Acca Laurentia, the 
wife of Faustulus, and nurse 
of Romulus and Remus. 
Accedo, accedere, accessi, ac- 
cessum, n. (ad & cedo, § 196, 
I. 2,) to draw near ; to ap- 
proach ; to advance ; to en- 
gage in ; to undertake. 
Accendo, accendere, accendi, 
accensum, a. (ad & candeo, 
§§ 172 and 189, 1,) to set onfire. 
Accensus, a, um, part, (accendo,) 
set onfire ; kindled ; lighted ; 
inflamed ; burning. 
Acceptus, a, um, part, (accipio.) 
Accessus, us, m. (accedo,) ap- 
proach; access; accession. 
Accido, ere, i, n. (ad & cado, 
§ 172,) to fall down at or be- 
fore : accidit, imp. it happens, 
or it happened. 
Accipio, accipere, accepi, accep- 
tum, a. (ad & capio, § 189, 2,) 
to take or receive ; to learn ; to 
hear; to understand; to ac- 
cept : accipere finem, to come 
to an end ; to terminate. 



ACCIPITEK AJJDUCO. 



137 



Acciplter, tris, § 71, m. a hawk. ■ 

Accumbc, accumbere, accubui, 
n. (ad & cubo, § 165,) to sit 
or recline at table. 

Accurate, adv. (ad & cura,) ac- 
curately ; carefully. 

Accurro, accurrere, accurri or 
accucurri, n. (ad & curro,) to 
run to. 

Accuse-, are, avi, atum, a. (ad & 
causor, to allege,) to accuse ; 
to blame ; to find fault with. 

Acer, acris, acre, § 108 ; comp. 
acrior ; sup. acerrimus, § 125, 
1; adj. sharp; sour; eager; 
vehement; rapid; courageous ; 
fierce ; violent ; acute ; keen ; 
piercing. 

Acerbus, a, um, adj. sour ; un- 
ripe; vexatious; harsh; mo- 
rose; disagreeable. 

Acerrime, adv. sup. See Acrlter. 

Acervus, i, m. a heap. 

Acetum, i, n. vinegar. 

Achalcus, a, um, adj. Achaean, 
Grecian. 

Achelous, i, m. a river of Epi- 
rus. 

Acherusia, se, f. a lake in Cam- 
pania; also, a cave in Bi- 
thynia. 

Achilles, is & eos, m. the son 
of Peleus and Thetis, and the 
bravest of the Grecian chiefs 
at the siege of Troy. 

Acklus, a, um, adj. sour ; sharp ; 
acid. 

Acies, ei, t. an edge ; a line of 



soldiers; an army in battle 
array ; a squadron ; a rank ; 
an army ; a battle. 

Acinus, i, m. a berry ; a grape- 
stone. 

Acrlter, acrius, acerrime, adv. 
sharply; ardently; fiercely; 
courageously. 

Acroceraunia, orum, n. pi. § 96 ; 
lofty mountains between Alba- 
nia and JEpirus. 

Acrocorinthos, i, f. the citadel oj 
Corinth. 

Acropolis, is, f. the citadel Oj 
Athens. 

Actio, onis, f. (ago,) an action ; 
operation; a process. 

Actium, i, n. a promontory of 
Epirus, famous for a naval 
victory of Augustus over An- 
tony and Cleopatra. 

Actus, a, um> part, (ago,) driven; 
led. 

Aculeus, i, m. a sting ; a thorn ; 
a prickle; a porcupine's quill. 

Acumen, inis, n. (acuo,) acute- 
ness ; perspicacity. 

Acus, us, f. a needle. 

Ad, prep, to ; near ; at ; towards 
with a numeral, about. 

Adamas, antis, m. adamant ; et 
diamond. 

Additus, a, um, part from 

Addo, addere, addldi, additum, 
a. (ad & do,) to add ; to an- 
nex ; to appoint ; to give. 

Adduco, adducere, adduxi, ad- 
ductum, a. (ad & duco,) to 



138 



ADEMPTUS ADOPTO. 



lead ; to bring : in dubitatio- 

nem, to bring into question. 
Ademptus, a, um, part, (adimo.) 
Adeo, adv. so; therefore; so 

much; to such a degree; so 

very. 
Adeo, adire, adii, aditum, irr. n. 

(ad & eo,) to go to. § 182, 3. 
Adhaerens, tis, part, from 
Adhsereo, adhaerere, adhsesi, n. 

(ad & hsereo,) to stick to ; to 

adhere ; to adjoin ; to lie con- 

tiguous. 
Adherbal, alis, m. a king ofNu- 

midia, put to death by his 

cousin Jugurtha. 
Adhibeo, adhibere, adhibui, ad- 

hibltum, a. (ad & habeo, § 189, 

2,) to admit ; to apply ; to use ; 

to employ. 
Adhuc, adv. hitherto; yet; as 

yet; still. 
Adimo, adimere, ademi, ademp- 

tum, a. (ad & emo,) to take 

away. 
Aditus, us, m. (adeo,) a going 

to ; entrance ; access ; ap- 
proach. 
Adjaceo, ere, ui, ltum, n. (ad & 

jaceo,) to adjoin ; to lie near ; 

to border upon. 
Adjungo, adjungere, adjunxi, ad- 

junctum, a. (ad & jungo,) to 

join ; to unite with. 
Adjutus, a, um, part, from 
Adjuvo, adjuvare, adjuvi, adju- 

tum, a. (ad & juvo,) to assist ; 

to help ; to aid. 



Admetus, i, m. a king of Thes- 
saly. 

Administer, tri, m. a servant ; 
an assistant. 

Administro, are, avi, atum, a. 
(ad & ministro,) to adminis- 
ter ; to manage. 

Admiratio, onis, f. (admiror,) ad- 
miration. 

Admiratus, a, um, part, from 

Admiror, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
admire. 

Admissus, a, um, part, from 

Admitto, admittere, admisi, ad- 
missum, a. (ad & mitto,) to 
admit ; to allow ; to receive. 

Admodum, adv. (ad & modus,) 
very ; much ; greatly. 

Admoneo, ere, ui, ltum, a. (ad & 
moneo,) to admonish ; to 
warn ; to put in mind. 

Admonitus,a,um,part.(admoneo.) 

Admoveo, admovere, admovi, ad- 
motum, a. (ad & moveo,) to 
bring to ; to move to. 

Adnato, are, avi, atum, freq. (ad 
& nato,) to swim to. 

Adolescens, tis, adj. (adolesco,) 
(comp. ior, § 126, 4,) young : 
subs, a young man or woman ; 
a youth. 

Adolescentia, se, f. youth, from 

Adolesco, adolescere, adolevi, 
adultum, inc. to grow; to in- 
crease ; to grow up. 

Adopto, are, avi, atum, a. (ad & 
opto,) to adopt ; to take for a 
son ; to assume. 



ADORIOR ^GRITUDO. 



139 



Adorior, oriri, ortus sum, dep. 
§ 177, (ad & orior,) to attack ; 
to accost ; to address ; to un- 
dertake. 

Adria, ee, m. the Adriatic sea. 

Adriatlcus, a, um, adj. Adriatic : 
mare Adriatlcum, the Adriat- 
ic sea or gulf; now, the gulf 
of Venice. 

Adscendo, or ascendo, adscen- 
dere, adscendi, adscensum, 
a. (ad & scando,) to ascend; 
to rise : adscenditur, the as- 
cent is, or they ascend. 

Ad- or as- sisto, sistere, stiti, n. 
(ad & sisto,) to stand by ; to 
assist ; to help. 

Adspecturus, a, um, part, (aspi- 
cio.) 

Ad- or as- spergo, gere, si, sum, 
a. (ad & spargo,) to sprinkle. 

Ad- or as- spicio, spicere, spexi, 
spectum, a. (ad & specio,) to 
look at ; see ; regard ; behold. 

Ad- or as- stans, tis, part, from 

Ad- or as- sto, stare, stiti, n. (ad 
& sto,) to stand by; to be 
near. 

Ad sum, adesse, adfui, adfuturus, 
irr. n. (ad & sum,) to be pres- 
ent ; to aid ; to assist. 

Adulator, oris, m. (adulor,) a 
flatterer. 

Aduncus,a,um,adj. bent ; crooked. 

Advectus, a, um, part, from 

Advelio, advehere, advexi, ad- 
vectum, a. (ad & veho,) to 
carry ; to convey. 
12* 



Advena, £e, c. § 31, (adveuio,) a 
stranger. 

Adveniens, tis, part, from 

Advenio, advenire, adveni, ad- 
ventum, n. (ad & venio,) to 
arrive; to come. 

Adventus, lis, m. an arrival t a 
coming. 

Adversarius, i, m. (adverser,) an 
adversary ; an enemy. 

Adversus & adversum, prep. 
against; towards. 

Adversus, a, um, adj. (adverto,) 
adverse ; opposite ; unfavor- 
able ; bad ; fronting : ad ver- 
sa cicatrix, a scar in front : 
adverso corpore, on the breast. 

Advoco, are, avi, atum, a. (ad & 
voco,) to call for or to ; to 
call : to summon. 

Advolo, are, avi, atum, n. (ad & 
volo,) to fly to. 

^Edifico, are, avi, atum, a. (sedes 
& facio,) to build. 

iEdilitas, atis, f. the office of an 
edile ; edileship. 

iEdilitius, (vir,) i, m. one who has 
been an edile. 

^Egseus, a, um, adj. JEg&an : 
iEgseum mare, the JEgami 
sea, lying between Greece and 
Asia Minor. It is now called 
the Archipelago. 

JGger, ra, rum, adj. sick ; weak ; 
infirm ; diseased. 

iEgre, adv. grievously ; with dif- 
ficulty. 

iEgritudo, inis, f. sorrow ; grief. 



140 



iEGYPTUS AFFICIOR. 



JSgyptQB,i,f.§29,2; ^fejffrf. 

./Elius, i, m. the name of a Ro- 
man family. 

^Emilius, i, m. the name of several 
noble Romans of the gens 
^Emilia, or Mmilian tribe, 

iEmulatio, onis, f. (semulor,) em- 
ulation; rivalry ; competition. 

iEmulus, a, um, adj. emulous. 

iEmulus, i, m. a rival; a com- 
petitor. 

iEneas, 33, m. a Trojan prince, 
the son of Venus and An- 
chises. 

iEneus, a, um, adj. brazen. 

^Enos, i, f. § 29, 2; a town in 
Thrace, at the mouth of the 
Hebrus, named after its foun- 
der, Mneas. 

^Eolis, idis, f. a country on the 
western coast of Asia Minor, 
between Troas and Ionia. 

iEqualis, e, adj. equal. 

iEquallter, adv. equally. 

^Equltas, atis, f. equity ; justice ; 
moderation. 

iEquus, a, um, adj. equal : sequus 
animus, or sequa mens, equa- 
nimity. 

Aer, is, m. the air; the atmos- 
phere. 

iErariurn, i, n. the treasury ; from 

Ms, seris, n. brass ; money. 

iEschylus, i, m. a celebrated 
Greek tragic poet. 

iEsculapius, i, m. the son of 
Apollo, and god of medicine. 

iEstas. atis, f. summer. 



iEstimandus, a, um, part, to be 
esteemed, prized, or regarded; 
from 

iEstlmo, are, avi, atum, a. to 
esteem ; to value ; to regard ; 
to judge of; to estimate. 

iEstuo, are, avi, atum, n. to be . 
very hot. 

iEstuosus, a, um, adj. stormy ; 
boiling; surging; turbulent. 

iEstus, us, m. heat. 

iEtas, atis, f. age. 

iEternus, a, um, adj. eternal; 
immortal. 

^Ethiopia, se, f. Ethiopia, a coun- 
try in Africa, lying on both 
sides of the equator. 

iEthiops, opis, m. an Ethiopian. 

iEtna, as, f. a volcanic mountain 
in Sicily. 

iEvum, i, n. time ; an age. 

Afer, ra, rum, adj. § 106, of Africa. 

Affabre, adv. artfully ; ingeni- 
ously ; curiously ; in a work- 
manlike manner. 

Affectus, a, um, part, affected; 
afflicted. 

Affero, afferre, attuli, allatum, 
irr. a. (ad & fero,) to bring : 
to carry. 

Afficio, icere, eci, ectum, a. (ad 
& facio,) to affect : media, to 
deprive of food : cladlbus, to 
overthrow. 

Afficior, ici, ectus sum, pass, to 
be affected: gaudio, to be af- 
fected with joy ; to rejoice : fe- 
bri, to be attacked with a fever 






i 



AFFIGO AGRIGENTUM. 



141 



Affigo, affigere, affixi, affixum, 
a. (ad & figo,) to fasten ; to 
affix : cruci, to crucify. 

Affinis, e, adj. neighboring ; con- 
tiguous. 

Affinis, is, c. a relation. 

Affirmo, are, avi, atum, a. (ad & 
fir mo,) to affirm ; to confirm. 

Affixus, a, um, part, (affigo.) 

Afflatus, us, m. a blast; a breeze ; 
a gale ; inspiration. 

Africa, se, f. Africa; also apart 
of the African continent, lying 
east ofNumidia, and west of 
Cyrene. 

Africanus, i, m. the cognomen or 
surname of two of the Scipios, 
derived from their conquest of 
Africa. 

Africus, a, um, adj. belonging to 
Africa; African. 

Agamemnon, onis, m. a king 
of Mycen/B, and the com- 
mander-in-chief of the Gre- 
cian forces at the siege of 
Troy. 

Agathyrsi, orum, m. pi. a bar- 
barous tribe living near tlie 
palus Maaotis. 

Agellus, i, m. dim. (ager,) a 
small farm. 

Agenor, oris, m. a king of PJub- 
nicia. 

Agens, tis, part (ago.) 

Ager, ri, m. a field; land; a 
farm; an estate; ground; a 
territory ; the country. 

Agger, eris, m. a heap ; a pile ; I 



a mound ; a bulwark ; a bank ; 
a rampart ; a dam ; a mole. 

Aggredior, edi, essus sum, dep 
(ad & gradior, § 189, l,)togo 
to ; to attack. 

Aggressus, a, um, part having 
attacked. 

Agitator, oris, m. a driver ; from 

Agito, are, avi, atum, freq. (ago,) 
to drive; to agitate; to re- 
volve. 

Aglaus, i, m. a very poor Arca- 
dian. 

Agmen, mis, n. (ago,) a train; 
a troop upon the march; a 
band; an army. 

Agnitus, a, um, part, from 

Agnosco, agnoscere, agnovi, ag- 
nltum, a. (ad & nosco,) to re- 
cognize ; to know. 

Agnus, i, m. a lamb. 

Ago, agere, egi, actum, a. to con- 
duct ; to drive; to lead; to 
act ; to do ; to reside ; to live : 
funus, to perform funeral 
rites : annum centesimum, to 
be spending, or to be in his 
one hundredth year : bene, to 
behave well: ago gratias, to 
thank. 

Agor, agi, actus sum, pass, to be 
led : agltur, it is debated : res 
de qua agltur, the point in 
debate : pessum agi, to sink. 

Agricola, se, m. (ager & colo, v 
a husbandman ; a farmer. 

Agricultura, 83, f. agriculture. 

Agrigentum, i, n. a town upon 






142 



AGRIPPA ALITER. 



the southern coast of Sicily, 
now Girgenti. 

Agrippa, se, m. the name of sev- 
eral distinguished Romans. 

Ahenum, i, n. a kettle; a cal- 
dron ; a brazen vessel. 

Aio, ais, ait, def. verb, (§ 184, 4,) 
I say. 

Ajax, acis, m. the name of two 
distinguished Grecian war- 
riors at the siege of Troy. 

Ala, se, f. a wing ; an arm-pit ; 
an arm. 

Alacer, acris, acre, adj. lively; 
courageous; ready; fierce; 
spirited. 

Alba, ee, f. Alba Longa ; a city 
of Latium, built by Ascanius. 

Albanus, i, m. an inhabitant of 
Alba. 

Albanus, a, urn, adj. Alban : mons 
Albanus, mount Albanus, at 
the foot of which Alba Longa 
was built, 16 miles from 
Rome. 

Albis, is, m. a large river of 
Germany, now the Elbe. 

Albula, 83, m. an ancient name 
of the Tiber. 

Albus, a, um, adj. white. 

Alcestis, Idis, f. the daughter of 
Pelias, and wife of Admetus. 

Alcibiades, is, m. an eminent 
Athenian, the pupil of Socrates. 

Alcinous, i, m. a king of Phcea- 
cia or Corcyra, whose gardens 
were very celebrated. 

Alcyone, es, f. the daughter of 



JEolus, and wife of Ceyx : she 

and her husband were changed 

into sea birds, called Alcv- 

ones, 
Alcyon, is, m. kingfisher. 
Alcyoneus, a,um, adj. halcyon. 
Alexander, dri, m. surnamed the 

Great, was the son of Philip, 

king of Macedon. 
Alexandria, 89, f. the capital of 

Egypt ; founded by Alexan- 
der the Great. 
Algeo, algere, alsi, n. to be cold. 
Alicunde, adv. (aliquis & unde,) 

from some place. 
Alienatus, a, um, part, alienated; 

estranged. 
Alieno, are, avi, atum, a. to 

alienate ; to estrange. 
Alienus, a, um, adj. foreign; 

of or belonging to another; 

another marts ; another* s. 
Alio, adv. to another place ; else- 
where. 
Aliquandiu, adv. (aliquis & diu,) 

for some time. 
Aliquando, adv. once ; formerly ; 

at some time; at length; 

sometimes. 
Aliquantum, n. adj. something; 

somewhat ; a little. 
Aliquis, aliqua, aliquod & allquid, 

pro. (§ 138,) some ; some one ; 

a certain one. 
Aliquot, ind. adj. some. 
Aliter, adv. otherwise. 
Aliter — alitor, in one way — %n 

another. 



ALIUS AMICUS. 



143 



Alius, a, ud, adj. § 107, R. 1 ; 
another; other: alii — alii, 
some — otters. 
Allatus, a, urn, part, (affero,) 
brought 

Allectus, a, um, part, (allicio.) 

Allevo, are, avi, atum, a. (ad & 
levo,) to raise up; to allevi- 
ate ; to lighten. 

Allia, se, f. a small river of Italy, 
flowing into the Tiber. 

Allicio, -licere, -lexi, -lectum, 
(ad & lacio,) a. to allure ; to 
entice. 

Alligatus, a, um, part bound; 
confined; from 

Alllgo, are, avi, atum, a. (ad & 
ligo,) to bind to ; to fasten ; 
to bind or tie. 

Allociitus, a, um, part speaking, 
or having spoken to ; from 

Alloquor, -loqui, -locutus sum, 
dep. (ad & loquor,) to speak 
to ; to address ; to accost 

Alluo, -luere, -lui, a. (ad & luo,) 
to flow near ; to wash ; to lave. 

Alo, alere, alui, alitum or altum, 
a. to nourish ; to feed; to sup- 
port ; to increase ; to main- 
tain ; to strengthen. 

Aloeus, i, m. a giant, son of Ti- 
tan and Terra. 

Alpes, ium, f. pi. the Alps. 

Alpheus, i, m. a river of Pelo- 
ponnesus. 

Alplnus, a, um, adj. of or be- 
longing to the Alps ; Alpine : 
Alpini mures, marmots. 



Alte, ius, isslme, adv. on high, 
highly ; deeply ; low ; loudly. 

Alter, era, erum, adj. § 107 ; the 
one (of two) ; the other ; the 
second. § 120, 1. 

Alternus, a, um, adj. alternate ; 
by turns. 

Althaea, 83, f. the wife of (Eneus, 
and mother of Meleager. 

Altitudo, Tnis, f. height ; from 

Altus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
high; lofty; deep; loud. 

Alumnus, i, m. a pupil ; a foster- 
son ; a fosterling. 

Alveus, i, m. a channel. 

Alvus, i, f. the belly. 

Amans, tis, part and adj. (ior, 
isslmus,) loving; fond of. 

Amarus, a, um, adj. bitter. 

Amatus, a, um, part, (amo.) 

Amazon, onis; pi. Amazones, 
um, f. Amazons, a nation of 
female warriors, who original- 
ly inhabited a part of Sarma- 
tia, near the river Don, and 
afterwards passed over into 
Asia Minor. 

Ambitio,6nis, f. (ambio,) ambition. 

Ambitus, us, m. compass; ex- 
tent; circuit; circumference; 
an encompassing; an encir- 
cling ; a coiling around. 

Ambo, se, o, adj. pi. § 118, 1; 
both; each. 

Ambulo, are, avi, atum, n. to 
walk. 

Amicitia, se, f. friendship ; from 

Amicus, a, um, adj. friendly. 



144 



AMICUS ANGUIS. 



Amicus, i, m. (amo,) a friend. 

Amissus, a, um, part, from 

Amitto, amittere, amisi, amis- 
sum, a. (a & mitto,) to lose; 
to relinquish. 

Ammon, onis, m. a surname of 
Jupiter, to whom, under this 
name, a temple was erected in 
the Lybian desert. 

Amnis, is, d. § 63, 1 ; a river. 

Amo, are, avi, atum, a. to love. 
§155. 

Amoenus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) pleasant ; agreeable ; 
delightful. 

Amor, oris, m. (amo,) love. 

Amphinomus, i, m. a Catanean, 
distinguished for his f Hal af- 
fection. 

Amphion, onis, m. a son of Ju- 
piter and Antiope, and the 
husband of Niobe. He is 
fabled to have built Thebes 
by the sound of his lyre. 

Ample, adv. (ius, issime,) amply ; 
(amplus.) 

Amplector, ecti, exus sum, dep. 
(amb & plector, § 196, 11,) to 
embrace. 

Amplexus, a, um, part having 
embraced ; embracing. 

Amplio, are, avi, atum, a. to 
enlarge. 

Amplius, adv. (ample,) more. 

Amplus, a,um, adj.(ior,issimus,) 
great ; abundant ; large ; spa- 
cious. 

Amulius, i, m. the son of Silvius 



Procas, and brother of JVu- 

mitor. 
Amy else, arum, f. pi. a town upon 

the western coast of Italy, near 

Fundi. 
Amycus, i, m. a son of Neptune, 

and king of Bebrycia. 
An, adv. whether ; or. 
Anacreon, tis, m. a celebrated 

lyric poet of Teos in Ionia. 
Anapus, i, m. a Catanean, the 

brother of Amphinomus. 
Anaxagoras, se, m. a philoso- 
pher of Clazomene, a city of 

Ionia. 
Anceps, cipitis, adj. uncertain; 

doubtful. 
Anchlses, se, m. a Trojan, the 

father of JEneas. 
Anchora, or Ancora, aa, f. an 

anchor. 
Ancilla, 83, f. a female servant ; 

a maid. 
Ancus, i, m. (Martius,) the fourth 

king of Rome. 
Andriscus, i, m. a person of mean 

birth, called also Pseudophi- 

lippus, on account of his pre- 
tending to be Philip, the son of 

Per sis, king ofMacedon. 
Andromeda, 83, f. the daughter 

of Cepheus and Cassiope, and 

wife of Perseus. 
Ango, angere, anxi, a. to trouble ; 

to disquiet ; to torment ; to 

vex. 
Anguis, is, c. a snake; a ser- 

vent 



ANGULUS APELLES. 



145 



Angulus, i, m. a comer. 

Angustise, arum, f. pi. narrow- 
ness ; a narrow pass ; a de- 
<Ue. 

Angustus, a, um, adj. narrow; 
limited ; straitened ; pinch- 
ing. 

Anmia, se, f. breath ; life ; the 
soul. 

Animadverto, -vertere, -verti, 
-versum, a. (animus, ad, & 
verto,) to attend; to observe; 
to notice. 

Animal, alis, n. (anlma,) an ani- 
mal. 

Animosus, a, um, adj. courage- 
ous ; bold; undaunted; from 

Animus, i, m. the mind; dispo- 
sition ; spirit ; courage ; a 
design: uno animo, unani- 
mously: mi hi est animus, J 
have a mind. 

Anio, enis, m. a branch of the 
Tiber, which enters it three 
miles above Rome. It is now 
called the T ever one. 

Annecto, -nectere, -nexui, -nex- 
um, a. (ad & necto,) to annex ; 
to tie or fasten to. 

Annulus, i, m. a ring. 

Annumero, are, avi, atum, a. (ad 
&. numero,) to number ; to 
reckon ; to reckon among. 

Annuo, -nuere, -nui, n. (ad & nuo, 
to nod,) to assent ; to agree. 

Annus, i, m. a year. 

Annuus, a, um, adj. annual ; 
yearly ; lasting a year. 



Anser, eris, m. a goose. 

Anserinus, a, um, adj. of or 6c- 
longing to a goose : ova, 
goose-eggs. 

Ante, adv. before ; sooner. 

Ante, prep, before. 

Antea, adv. (ante & is,) before; 
heretofore. 

Antecello, -cellere, a. (ante & 
cello,) to excel ; to surpass ; to 
exceed ; to be superior to. 

Antepono, -ponere, -posui, -pos- 
Itum, a. (ante & pono,) to 
prefer ; to set before. 

Antepositus, a, um, part, (ante- 
pono.) 

Antequam, adv. before; before 
that. 

Antigonus, i, m. a king of Mace- 
donia. 

Antiochla, se, f. the capital of 
Syria. 

Antiochus, i, m. a king of Syria, 

Antiope, es, f. the wife of Lycus, 
king of Thebes, and the mother 
of Jlmphion. 

Antiquus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) ancient ; old ; of long 
continuance. 

Antipater, tris, m. a Sidonian 
poet. 

Antium, i, n. a maritime town of 
Italy. 

Antonius, i, m. Antony, the name 
of a Roman family. 

Antrum, i, n. a cave. 

Apelles, is, m. a celebrated paint- 
er of the island of Cos. 



146 



APENNINUS ARABS. 



Apenninus, i, m. the Apennines. 

Aper, ri, m. § 48 ; a boar ; a wild 
boar. 

Aperio, -perire, -perui, -pertum, 
a. (ad & pario,) to open ; to 
discover ; to disclose ; to make 
known. 

Apertus, a, um, part, (aperio.) 

Apex, Icis, m. a point ; the top ; 
the summit. 

Apis, is, f. a bee. 

Apis, is, m. an ox worshipped as 
a deity among the Egyptians. 

Apollo, inis, m. the son of Jupi- 
ter and Latona, and the god 
of music and poetry. 

Apparatus, us, m. a preparation ; 
apparatus ; equipment ; ha- 
biliment. 

Appareo, ere, ui, n. (ad & pareo,) 
to appear ; to be manifest or 
clear. 

Appellandus, a, um, part, from 

Appello, are, avi, atum, a. (ad & 
pello,) to name or call ; to ad- 
dress ; to call upon. 

Appendo, -pendere, -pendi, -pen- 
sum, a. (ad & pendo,) to hang 
upon or to ; to weigh out ; to 
pay. 

Appetens, tis, part, seeking af- 
ter ; from 

Appeto, -petere, -petivi, -petitum, 
a. (ad & peto,) to desire ; to 
strive for ; to aim at ; to attack. 
Appius, i, m. a Roman prae no- 
men belonging to the Claudian 
gens or tribe. 



Appono, -ponere, -posui, -posi- 
tum, a. (ad & pono,) to set 
or place before ; to put to ; to 
join. 

Appositus, a, um, part, (appono.) 
Appropinquo, are, avi, atum, n. 
(ad & propinquo,) to approach; 
to draw near. 

Aprlcus, a, um, adj. sunny ; se- 
rene; warm. 

Apto, are, avi, atum, a. to Jit ; to 
adjust. 

Apud, prep, at ; in ; among ; be- 
fore ; to : with the name of a 
person, it signifies in his 
house; with that of an au- 
thor, it signifies in his writ- 
ings. 

Apulia, a?, f. a country in the 
eastern part of Italy, near the 
Adriatic. 

Aqua, se, f. water. 

Aquse ductus, us, m. (aqua & 
duco,) an aqueduct; a con- 
duit. 

Aqulla, se, f. an eagle, 

Aquilo, onis, m. the north wind. 

Aquitania, se, f. a country of 
Gaul. 

Aquitani, orum, m. pi. the inhab- 
itants of Aquitania. 

Ara, ee, f. an altar. 

Arabia, se, f. Arabia. 

Arabicus, a, um, adj. Arabian 
of or belonging to Arabia 
Arabicus sinus, the Red sea. 

Arabius, a, um, adj. Arabian. 

Arabs, abis, m. an Arabian. 



ARB1TRATUS ARMENIA. 



147 



Arbitrates, a, um, part having 
thought; from 

Arbitror, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
believe ; to think. 

Arbor, & Arbos, oris, f. a tree. 

Area, se, f. a chest 

Arcadia, se, f. Arcadia, a country 
in the interior of the Pelo- 
ponnesus. 

Areas, adis, m. a son of Jupiter 
and Calisto ; also, an Arca- 
dian. 

Arceo, ere, ui, a. to drive away ; 
to ward off; to keep from; to 
restrain. 

Arcessitus, a, um, part, from 

Arcesso, ere, ivi, itum, a. to send 
for ; to invite ; to summon ; 
to call. 

Archimedes, is, m. a famous 
mathematician and mechani- 
cian of Syracuse. 

Architectus, i, m. an architect; 
a builder. 

Archytas, se, m. a Pythagorean 
philosopher of Tarentum. 

Arete, adv. (ius, isslme,) straitly ; 
closely; strictly; from 

Arctus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
narrow ; close. 

Arcus, us, m. a bow ; an arch. 

Ardea, ae, f. a city of Latium, 
the capital of the Rutuli. 

Ardens, tis, part. & adj. burn- 
ing ; hot ; from 

Ardeo, ardere, arsi, arsum, n. to 
burn ; to sparkle ; to be con- 
sumed by fire. 
13 



Arduus, a, um, adj. high; lofty; 
steep ; arduous ; difficult 

Arena, 33, f. sand. 

Arenosus, a, um, adj. sandy. 

Arethusa, ee, f. the name of a 
nymph of Elis, who was 
changed into a fountain in 
Sicily. 

Argentum, i, n. silver. 

Argias, 89, m. a chief of the Meg- 
arensians. 

Argivus, a, um, adj. of Argos ; 
Argive. 

Argivi, orum, m. pi. Argives ; 
inhabitants of Argos. 

Argonautae, arum, m. pi. the Ar- 
gonauts ; the crew of the ship 
Argo, who sailed with Jason 
to Colchis. 

Argos, i, n. sing., & Argi, orum, 
m. pi. a city in Greece, the 
capital of Argolis. 

Arguo, uere, ui, utum, a. to show ; 
to prove ; to convict. 

x\riminum, i, n. a city of Italy, 
on the coast of the Adriatic. 

Aristobulus, i, m. a name of sev- 
eral of the high priests and 
kings of Judcea. 

Aristoteles, is, m. Aristotle, a 
Greek philosopher, born at 
Stagira, a city of Macedonia. 

Arma, orum, n. pi. § 96 ; arms. 

Armatus, a, um, part armed : pi. 
armati, orum, armed men; 
soldiers. 

Armenia, 83, f. (Major,) a coun- 
try of Asia, lying between the 



148 



ARMENIUS ASYLUM. 



Taurus and the Caucasus. 

Armenia (Minor,) a small 

country, lying between Cap- 

padocia and the Euphrates. 
Armenius, a, um, adj. Armenian. 
Armentum, i, n. a herd. 
Armilla, se, f. a bracelet or ring 

worn on the left arm by soldiers 

who had been distinguished 

in battle. 
Armo, are, avi, aturn, a. to arm. 
Aro, are. avi, aturn, a. to plough ; 

to cover with the plough. 
Arreptus, a, um, part, from 
Arripio, -ripere, -ripui, -reptum, 

a. (ad & rapio, § 189, 2,) to 

seize upon. 
Arrogo, are, avi, aturn, a. (ad & 

rogo,) to arrogate ; to claim. 
Ars, tis, f. art ; contrivance ; skill; 

employment ; occupation pur- 
suit. 
Arsi. See Ardeo. 
Artemisia, se, f. the wife of Mau- 

solus, king of CaHa. 
Artifex, Icis, c. (ars & facio,) an 

artist. 
Arundo, inis, f. a reed ; a cane. 
Aruns, tis, m. the eldest son of 

Tarquin the Proud. 
Arx, cis, f. a citadel ; a fortress. 
Ascanius, i, m. the son of Mneas 

and Creiisa. 
Ascendo. See Adscendo. 
Asia, se, f. Asia ; Asia Minor ; 

also, proconsular Asia, or the 

Roman province. 
Asiattcus, i, m. an agnomen or J 



surname ofL. Cornelius Scip- 
io, on account of his victories 
in Asia. 

Aslna, se, m. a cognomen or sur- 
name of a part of the Corne- 
lian family. 

Asinus, i, m. an ass. 

Aspecturus, a, um, part, (aspicio.) 

Asper, era, erum, adj. rough; 
rugged. 

Aspergo. See Adspergo. 

As- or ad- spernor, ari, atus 
sum, dep. to spurn; to de- 
spise ; to reject. 

Aspicio. See Adspicio. 

Aspis, Idis, f. an asp. 

Assecutus, a, um, part, from 

As- or ad- sequor, -sequi, -secu- 
tus sum, dep. (ad & sequor,) to 
obtain ; to overtake. 

As- or ad- servo, are, avi, aturn, 
a. (ad & servo,) to preserve ; 
to keep. 

As- or ad- signo, are, avi, atum, 
a. (ad & signo,) to assign; 
to appoint; to allot; to dis- 
tribute. 

Assisto. See Adsisto. 

Assuesco,-suescere, -suevi, -sue- 
tum, inc. to be accustomed ; to 
be wont. 

Assurgo, -surgere, -surrexi, -sur- 
rectum, n. (ad & surgo,) to 
rise ; to aHse. 

Astronomia, se, f. astronomy. 

Astutus, a, um, adj. (ior, issl- 
mus,) cunning; crafty. 

Asylum, i, n. an asylum 



AT AURIGA. 



149 



At, conj. § 198, 4 ; but. 
Atalanta, ae, f. the daughter of 

Sch&neus, king of Arcadia, 
Athenae, arum, f. pi. Athens, the 

capital of Attica. 
Atheniensis, is, m. an Athenian ; 

an inhabitant of Athens. 
Atilius, i, m. a Roman proper 

name. 
Atlanticus, a, um, adj. Atlantic ; 

relating to Atlas : mare At- 

lantlcum, the Atlantic ocean. 
Atque, conj. and. 
Atrociter, adv. (ius, issime,) 

(atrox,) fiercely; violently; 

severely. 
Attalus,i, m. a king ofPergdmus. 
Attero, -terere, -trivi, -tritum, a. 

(ad & tero,) to rub off; to 

wear. 
Atthis, idis, f. the same as At- 
tica. 
Attica, ae, f. Attica, a country in 

the southern part of Greece 

proper. 
Attingo, -tingere, -ftgi, -tactum, 

a. (ad & tango,) to touch; to 

border upon; to attain; to 

reach. 
Attollo, ere, a. (ad & tollo,) to 

raise up. 
Attritus, a, um, part, (attero,) 

rubbed away ; worn off. 
Auctor, oris, c. (augeo,) an author. 
Auctoritas, atis, f. authority ; in- 
fluence ; reputation. 
Auctus, a, um, part, (augeo,) in- 
creased ; enlarged ; augmented. ( 



Audacia, ae, f. audacity; bold' 
ness ; from 

Audax, acis, adj. bold; daring ; 
audacious; desperate. 

Audeo, audere, ausus sum, neut 
pass, to dare. § 142, R. 2. 

Audio, ire, ivi, itum, a. to hear. 

Auditus, a, um, part. 

Auditus, us, m. the hearing. 

Aufero, auferre, abstuli, abla- 
tum, irr. a. (ab & fero,) to 
take away ; to remove. 

Aufugio, -fugere, -fugi, -fugitum, 
n. (ab & fugio, § 196, 1,) to 
fly away ; to run off; to es- 
cape ; to flee. 

Augendus, a, um, part, from 

Augeo, augere, auxi, auctum, a. 
to increase ; to augment ; to 
enlarge ; to rise. 

Augurium, i, n. augury ; divina- 
tion. 

Auguste, adv. nobly ; from 

Augustus, a, um, adj. august; 
grand; venerable. 

Augustus, i, m. an honorary ap- 
pellation bestowed by the sen- 
ate upon Ccesar Octavianus ; 
and succeeding emperors took 
the same name. 

Aulis, idis, f. a seaport town in 
Bceotia. 

Aulus, i, m. a common praenomen 
among the Romans. 

Aurelius, i, m. the name of seve- 
ral Romans. 

Aureus,a,um,adj.( aurum, )golderu 

Auriga, 83, m. a charioteer" 



150 



AT7R1S BjETIS. 



Auris, is, f. the ear. 

Aurum, i, n. gold. 

Auspicium, i, n. an auspice; a 

species of divination, from 

the flight, fyc. ofhirds. 
Ausus, a, um, part, (audeo,) dar- 
ing ; having dared. 
Aut, conj. § 198, 2 ; or; aut — aut, 

either — or. 
Autem, conj. § 198, 4 ; but ; yet. 
Autumnus, i, m. autumn. 
Auxi. See Augeo. 
Auxilium, i, n.help; aid; as- 

sistance. 
Avaritia, se, f. avarice ; from 
A varus, a, um, adj. avaricious; 

covetous. 
Aveho, -vehere, -vexi, -vectum, 

a. (a & veho,) to carry off or 

away. 
Avello, -vellere, -velli or -vulsi, 

-vulsum, a. (a & vello,) to 

carry away ; to pull away. 
Aventinus, i, m. mount Aventine, 

one of the seven hills on which 

Rome was built. 
Aversus, a, um, part, turned 

away : cicatrix aversa, a scar 

in the back : from 
Averto, -vertere, -verti, -ver- 

sum, a. (a &. verto,) to avert ; 

to turn ; to turn away. 
Avicula, se, f. dim. (avis,) a small 

bird. 
Avidus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) 

ravenous ; greedy ; eager. 
Avis, is, f. a bird. 
Avoco, are, avi, atum, a. (a & 



voco,) to call away, to divert^ 
to withdraw. 

Avolaturus, a, um, part, from 
Avolo, are, avi, atum, n. (a &■ 

volo,) to fly away or off 
Avulsus, part, (avello.) 
Avunculus, i, m. an uncle. 
Avus, i, m. a grandfather. 
Axenus, i, m. (from the Greek 
"A^svog, inhospitable ;) the 
Euxine sea; anciently so 
called, on account of the cru- 
elty of the neighboring tribes. 

B. 

Babylon, onis, f. the metropolis 
of Chaldea, lying upon the 
Euphrates. 

Babylonia, sb, f. the country about 
Babylon. 

Bacca, sb, f. a berry. 

Bacchus, i, m. the son of Jupiter 
and Semele, and the god of 
wine. 

Bactra, orum, n. the capital of 
Bactridna, situated upon the 
sources of the Oxus. 

Bactriani, orum, m. pi. the in- 
habitants of Bactridna. 

Bactrianus, a, um, adj. Bactrian, 
pertaining to Bactra or Bac- 
tridna. 

Baculum, i, n. a staff. 

Bsetlca, se, f. a country in the 
southern part of Spain, water 
ed by the river Bcetis. 

Bsetis, is, m. a river in the south* 



B AGRADA BLANDUS . 



151 



ero part of Spain, now the 
Guadalquivir. 

Bagrada, se, m. a river of Africa, 
between Utica and Carthage. 

Ballista, se, f. an engine for 
throwing stones. 

Baltlcus, a, urn, adj. Baltic : 
mare Baltlcum, the Baltic sea. 

Barbaras, a, um, adj. barbarous; 
rude; uncivilized; savage: 
subs, barbari, barbarians. 

Batavus, a, um, adj. Batavian; 
belonging to Batavia, now 
Holland. 

Beatitudo, inis, f. blessedness; 
happiness ; from 

Beatus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
happy ; blessed. 

Bebrycia, ae, f. a country of 
Asia. 

Belga?, arum, m. pi. the inhabit- 
ants of the north-east part of 
Gaul ; the Belgians. 

Belglcus, a, um, adj. of or per- 
taining to the Belgce. 

Bellerophon, tis, m. the son of 
Glaucus, king of Ephjjra. 

Bellicosus, a, um, adj. (ior, issl- 
mus, bellurn, § 128, 4,) war- 
like. 

Belllcus, a, um, adj. (bellurn, 
§ 128, 2 5 ) warlike. 

Belligero, are, avi, atum, n. (bel- 
lurn & gero,) to wage war; 
to carry on war. 

Bello, are, avi, atum, n. to war ; 
to wage war ; to contend ; to 

fete 

13* 



Bellua, a?, f. a beast ; a brute. 

Bellum, i. n. war. 

Belus, i, m, the founder of the 
Babylonish empire. 

Bene, adv. (comp. melius, sup. 
optime,) well; finely; very: 
bene pugnare, to fight suc- 
cessfully. 

Beneficium, i, n. (bene & facio,) 
a benefit ; a kindness. 

Benevolentia, se, f. (bene & 
volo,) benevolence ; good will. 

Benigne, adv. kindly ; from 

Benignus, a, um, adj. kind; be 
nign. 

Bestia, ae, f. a beast. 

Bestia, se, m. the surname of a 
Roman consul. 

Bias, antis, m. a philosopher born 
at Priene, and one of the 
seven wise men of Greece. 

Bibliotheca, se, f. a library. 

Bibo, bibere, bibi, bibltum, a. to 
drink ; to imbibe. 

Bibulus, i, m. a colleague of Ju- 
lius Ccesar in the consulship. 

Bini, se, a, num. adj. § 119 ; two 
by two ; two. 

Bipes, edis, adj. (bis & pes,) two- 
footed. 

Bis, num. adv. twice. 

Bithynia, se, f. a country of 
Asia Minor, east of the Pro- 
pontis. 

Blanditia, se, f. a compliment : 
blanditise, pi. blandishments ; 
caresses ; flattery : from 

Blandus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 



152 



BCEOTIA BYZANTIUM. 



flattering; enticing ; inviting ; 
tempting. 

Bceotia, ee, f. a country of Greece, 
north of Attica. 

Bonitas, atis, f. goodness ; excel- 
lence; from 

Bonus, a, um, adj. (melior, op- 
tlmus, ) good; happy; kind. 

Bonum, i, n. a good thing ; an 
endowment; an advantage; 
profit : bona, n. pi. an estate ; 
goods. 

Borealis, e, adj. northern ; from 

Boreas, se, m. the north wind. 

Borysthenes, se, m. a large river 
of Scythia, flowing into the 
Euxine ; it is now called the 
Dneiper. 

Borysthenis, idis, f. the name of 
a town at the mouth of the 
Borysthenes. 

Bos, bovis, c. an ox; a cow. 
§§ 83, R. 1, & 84, E. 1. 

Bosphorus, or Bosporus, i, m. the 
name of two straits between 
Europe and Asia; one, the 
Bosphorus Thracius, Thra- 
cian Bosphorus, now the 
straits of Constantinople ; 
the other, the Bosphorus Cim- 
merius, the Cimmerian Bos- 
phorus, now the straits of 
Caffa. 

Brachium, i, n. the arm. 

Brevi, adv. shortly; briefly; in 
a short time ; from 



Brevis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) short; 
brief. 

Brevitas, atis, f. shortness ; brev- 
ity. 

Brigantinus, a, um, adj. belong- 
ing to Brigantium, a town 
of the Vindelici: Brigantinus 
lacus, the lake of Constance. 

Britannia, 33, f. Great Britain. 

Britannicus, a, um, adj. belong- 
ing to Bmtain ; British : oce- 
anus Britannicus, and mare 
Britannicum, the North sea, 
including apart of the Baltic. 

Britannus, a, um, adj. British: 
Britanni, the Britons. 

Bruma, ae, f. the winter solstice ; 
the shortest day. 

Bruttium, i, n. a promontory of 
Italy. 

Bruttii, orum, m. pi. a people 
in the southern part of Italy. 

Brutus, i, m. the name of an il- 
lustrious Roman family. 

Bucephalus, i, m. the name of 
Alexander's war-horse. 

Bucephalos, i, f. a city of India, 
near the Hydaspes, built by 
Alexander, in memory of his 
horse. 

Buxeus, a, um, adj. of box ; of a 
pale yellow color, like box- 
wood. 

Byzantium, i, n. now Constanti- 
nople, a city of Thrace, situa 
ted upon the Bosphorus, 



C. CANDIDUS. 



153 



C. 

C, an abbreviation of Caius. 
Cabira, ind. a town of Pontics. 
Cacamen, mis, n. the top; the 

peak ; the summit. 
Cadens, tis, part, (cado.) 
Cadmus, i, m. a son of Agenor, 

king of Phoenicia. 
Cado, cadere, cecidi, casum, n. 

to fall. 
Csecilius, i, m. the name of several 

Romans. 
Ceecubum, i, n. a town of Cam- 
pania, famous for its wine. 
Ceecubus, a, um, adj. Cacuban; 

of Ccecubum. 
Ceedes, is, f. slaughter ; carnage ; 

homicide ; murder ; from 
Cssdo, csedere, cecidi, csesum, a. 

to cut ; to kill ; to slay ; to 

beat. 
Ceelatus, a, um, part, from 
Cselo, are, avi, atum, a. to carve ; 

to engrave; to sculpture; to 

emboss. 
Csepe, or Cepe, n. indec. an 

onion. 
C«pio, onis, m. a Roman consul 

who commanded in Spain. 
Caesar, aris, m. a cognomen or 

surname given to the Julian 

family. 
Csestus, us, m. a gauntlet; a 

boxing glove. 
Caesus, a, um, part, (csedo,) cut ; 

slain; beaten 



Caius, i, m. a Roman praenomen. 
Calais, is, m. a son of Boreas. 
Calamltas, atis, f. a calamity ; a 

misfortune; from 
Calamus, i, m. a reed. 
Calathiscus, i, m. a small basket. 
Calefacio, calefacere, calefeci, 

calefactum, a. (caleo & fa- 

cio,) to warm. 
Calefio, fieri, factus sum, irr. 

§ 180, N. ; to be warmed. 
Calefactus, a, um, part, (calefio,) 

warmed. 
Calldus, a, um, adj. warm. 
Callldus, a, um, adj. cunning ; 

shrewd. 
Calor, oris, m. warmth ; heat. 
Calpe, es, f. a hill or mountain in 

Spain, opposite to Abyla in 

Africa, 
Calpurnius, i, m. the name of a 

Roman family. 
Calydonius, a, um, adj. of or be- 

longing to Calydon, a city of 

JEtolia ; Calydonian. 
Camelus, i, c. a camel. 
Camillus, i, m. (M. Furius,) a 

Roman general. 
Campania, ee, f. a pleasant coun- 
try of Italy, between Latium 

and Lucania. 
Campester, tris, tre, adj. even 

plain ; level ; champaign ; 
flat. 
Campus, i, m. a plain ; a field 

the Campus Martius. 
Cancer, cri, m. a crab. 
Candldus, a, um, adj. white 



154 



CANDOR CARPETANI. 



Candor, oris, m. brightness; 

whiteness; clearness. 
Canens, tis, part, singing. 
Canis, is, c. a dog. 
Cannae, arum, f. pi. a village in 

•Apulia, famous for the defeat 

of the Romans by Hannibal. 
Cannensis, e, adj. belonging to 

Canna. 
Cano, canere, cecini, cantum, a. 

to sing ; to sound or play upon 

an instrument 
Can tans, tis, part, (canto.) 
Cantharus, i, m. a beetle ; a knot 

under the tongue of the god 

•Apis. 
Cantium, i, n. now the county of 

Kent, on the eastern coast of 

England. 
Canto, are, avi, atum, freq. 

(cano,) to sing; to repeat 

often. 
Cantus, us, m. singing ; a song : 

cantus galli, the crowing of 

the cock. 
Capesso, ere, Ivi, itum, a. (capio,) 

§ 187, II. 5 ; to take ; to take 

the management of: fugam 

capessere, to flee. 
Capiendus, a, um, part, (capio.) 
Capiens, tis, part, from 
Capio, capere, cepi, captum, a. 

to take ; to capture ; to take 

captive ; to enjoy ; to derive. 
Capitalis, e, adj. (caput,) capital; 

mortal ; deadly ; pernicious : 

capitale, (sc. crimen,) a capi- 
tal crime. 



Capitolium, i, n. the capitol ; the 

Roman citadel on the Capito- 

line hill. 
Capra, se, f. a she-goat. 
Captivus, a, um, adj. captive. 
Capto, are, avi, atum, freq. § 187, 

II. 1, (capio,) to catch at; to 

seek for ; to hunt for. 
Captus, a, um, part, (capio,) 

taken ; taken captive. 
Capua, se, f. the principal city of 

Campania. 
Caput, itis, n. a head ; life ; the 

skull ; a capital city : capitis 

damnare, to condemn to death. 
Carbonarius, i, m. (carbo, a coal;) 

a collier ; a maker of char- 

coal. 
Career, eris, m. a prison. 
Careo, ere, ui, itum, n. to be 

without ; to be free from ; to 

be destitute ; not to have ; to 

want. 
Cares, ium, m. pi. Carians ; the 

inhabitants of Caria. 
Caria, se, f. a country in the south- 
eastern part of Asia Minor. 
Carica, se, f. a fig. 
Carmen, Inis, n. a song ; a poem. 
Carneades, is, m. a philosopher 

of Cyrene, distinguished for 

his acuteness. 
Caro, carnis, f. flesh. 
Carp en turn, i, n. a chariot; a 

wagon. 
Carpetani, orum, m. pi. a people 

of Spain, on the borders of the 

Tagus 






CARPO CAUSA. 



15b 



Carpo, carpere, carpsi, carptum, 
a. to pluck ; to tear. 

Came, arum, f. pi. a city of Mes- 
opotamia, near the Euphrates. 

Carthaginiensis, e, adj. of or 
belonging to Carthage ; Car- 
thaginian: subs, a Cartha- 
ginian. 

Carthago, lnis, f. Carthage, a 
maritime city in Africa : Car- 
thago Nova, Carthagena, a 
toxon of Spain. 

Carus, a, urn, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
dear. 

Casa, se, f. a cottage ; a hut. 

Case a, se, m. the cognomen or 
surname of P. Servilius, one 
of the conspirators against 
CcBsar. 

Caseus, i, m. cheese. 

Cassander, dri, m. the name of a 
Macedonian. 

Cassiope, es, f. the wife of Ce- 
pheus, king of Ethiopia, and 
mother of Andromeda. 

Cassius, i, m. the name of several 
Romans. 

Castalius, a, um, adj. Castalian; 
of Castalia, a fountain of 
Phocis, at the foot of mount 
Parnassus. 

Castigatus, a, um, part, from 

Castigo, are, avi, atum, a. to 
chastise; to punish. 

Castrum, i, n. a castle : castra, 
orUm, pi. a camp : castra pon- 
ere, to pitch a camp ; to en- 
camp. 



Casus, us, m. accident ; chance ; 
an event ; a misfortune ; a 
disaster ; a calamity. 

Catabathmus, i, m. a declivity ; a 
gradual descent ; a valley be- 
tween Egypt and Africa 
proper. 

Catana, se, f. now Catania, a city 
of Sicily, near to mount Et- 
na. 

Catanensis, e, adj. belonging to 
Catana; Catanean. 

Catienus, i, m. Catienus Ploti- 
nus, a Roman who was greatly 
distinguished for his attach- 
ment to his patron. 

CatiHna, se, m. a conspirator 
against the Roman govern- 
ment, whose plot was detected 
and defeated by Cicero. 

Cato, onis, m. the name of a 
Roman family. 

Catulus, i, m. the name of a 
Roman family of the buta- 
tian tribe. 

Catulus, i, m. the young of beasts ; 
a whelp. 

Caucasus, i, m. a mountain of 
Asia, between the Black and 
Caspian seas. 

Cauda, se, f. a tail. 

Caudinus, a, um, adj. Caudine ; 
of or belonging to Caudium % 
a town of Italy. 

Caula, se, f. a fold. 

Causa, se, f. a cause ; a reason : 
a lawsuit: in causa est, or 
causa est, is the reason : ali- 



156 



CAUTES CERCASORUM. 



cujus rei causa, for the pur- 
pose, or for the sake of a 
thing. 

Cautes, is, f. a rock ; a crag ; a 
cliff. 

Caveo, cavere, cavi, cautum, n. 
&. a. to beware ; to avoid ; to 
shun : cavere sibi ab aliquo, 
to secure themselves ; to guard 
against 

Caverna, ae, f. a cave ; a cavern, 

Cavus, a, um, adj. hollow. 

Cecidi. See Caedo. 

Cecldi. See Cado. 

Ceclni. See Cano. 

Cecropia, ae, f. an ancient name 
of Athens; from 

Cecrops, opis, m. the first king 
of Athens. 

Cedo, cedere, cessi, cessum, n. 
to yield; to give place; to 
retire ; to retreat ; to submit. 

Celeber, bris, bre, adj. (rior, er- 
rlmus,) crowded; much visited; 
renowned; famous; distin- 
guished. 

Celebratus, a, um,part (celebro.) 

Celebritas, atis, f. (celeber,) 
fame ; glory ; celebrity ; re- 
nown. 

Celebro, are, avi, atum, a. to 
visit; to celebrate; to make 
famous; to perform. 

Celeritas, atis, f. (celer, swift,) 
speed; swiftness; quickness. 

Celeriter, adv. (ius, rime,) swift- 
ly. 

Celeus, i, m. a king ofEleusis. 



Celo, are, avi, atum, a. to hide ; 

to conceal. 
Celtae, arum, m. pi. the Celts, a 

people of Gaul. 
Censeo, ere, ui, um, a. to judge ; 

to believe ; to count ; to reckon. 
Censor, is, m. a censor ; a cen- 

surer; a fault-finder ; a critic. 
Censorinus, i, m. (L. Manlius,) 

a Roman consul in the third 

Punic war. 
Censorius, i, m. one who has been 

a censor ; a surname of Cato 

the elder. 
Census, us, m. a census ; an 

enumeration of the people ; a 

registering of the people, their 

ages, fyc. 
Centeni, ae, a, num. adj. pi. every 

hundred ; a hundred. 
Centeslmus, a, um, num. adj. the 

hundredth. 
Centies, num. adv. a hundred 

times. 
Centum, num. adj. pi. ind. a hun- 
dred. 
Centurio, onis, m. a centurion; 

a captain of a hundred men. 
Cephallenia, ae, f. an island in 

the Ionian sea, now Cefalo- 
Cepe, see Caepe. \nia. 

Cepi. See Capio. 
Cera, ae, f. wax. 
Cerberus, i, m. the name of the 

three-headed dog which guard- 
ed the entrance of the infernal 

regions. 
Cercasorum, i, n. a town of Egypt. 



CERES CIRCA 



157 



Ceres, eris, f. Ceres, the goddess 

of corn. 
Cerno, cernere, a. § 172 ; to see ; 

to perceive. 
Certamen, inis, n. (certo,) a con- 
test ; a battle ; zeal ; eagerness ; 

strife ; contention ; debate ; a 

game or exercise : Olympicum 

certamen, the Olympic games. 
Certe, adv. (ius, isslme,) (certus,) 

certainly. 
Certo, are, avi, atum, a. & n. 

to contend ; to strive ; to fight. 
Certus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 

certain ; fixed. 
Cerva, ae, f. a female deer ; a 

hind. 
Cervinus, a, um, adj. belonging 

to a stag or deer. 
Cervix, Icis, f. the neck; an 

isthmus. 
Cervus, i, m. a male deer; a 

stag. 
Cessator, is, m. a loiterer; a 

lingerer ; an idler. 
Cesso, are, avi, atum, n. to cease ; 

to loiter. 
Ceterus, cetera, ceterum, adj. 

(§ 105, N.) other ; the other; 

the rest. 
Ceterum, adv. but ; however ; as 

for the rest. 
Cetus, i, m. a whale. 
Ceyx, ycis, m. the son of Hes- 

pej-us, and husband of Alcyone. 
Chalcedon, onis, f. a city of 

Bithynia, opposite to Byzan- 
tium. 



Chaldatcus, a, um, adj. (Chal- 
dsea,) Chaldean. 

Charta, ae, f. paper. 

Cherslphron, onis, m. a distin- 
guished architect, under whose 
direction the temple at Ephe- 
sus ivas built. 

Chersonesus, i, f. a peninsula. 

Chilo, onis, m. a Lacedcemonian 
philosopher, and one of the 
seven wise men of Greece. 

Christus, i, m. Christ. 

Cibus, i, m.food ; nourishment. 

Cicatrix, icis, f. a wound; a 
scar; a cicatrice. 

Cicero, onis, m. a celebrated Ro- 
man orator. 

Ciconia, se, f. a stork. 

Cilicia, ae, f. a country in the 
southeastern part of Asia 
Minor. 

Cimbri, orum, m. pi. a nation 
formerly inhabiting the north- 
ern part of Germany. 

Cinctus, a, um, part, (cingo.) 

Cineas, ae, m. a Thessalian, the 
favorite minister of Pyrrhus. 

Cingo, cingere, cinxi, cinctum, 
a. to surround ; to encompass ; 
to encircle ; to gird. 

Cinis, eris, d. ashes ; cinders. 

Cinn^, se, m. (L. Cornelius,) a 
consul at Rome, in the time 
of the civil war. 

Cinnamum, i, n. cinnamon. 

Circa, & Circum, pr. & adv. 
about ; around ; in tlie neigh' 
borhood of 



158 



CIRCUITUS CLAUSUS. 



CircuTtus, us, m. a circuit; a 
circumference. 

Circumdatus, a, um, part, from 

Circumdo, dare, dedi, datum, a. 
(circum & do,) to surround ; 
to put around; to environ; to 
invest 

Circumeo, ire, ii, ttum, irr. n. 
(circum & eo, § 182, 3,) to 
go round ; to visit 

Circumfluo, -fluere, -fluxi, -flux- 
um, n. (circum & fluo,) to 
flow round. 

Circumiens, euntis, part, (cir- 
cumeo.) 

Circumjaceo, ere, ui, n. (circum 
& jaceo,) to lie around; to 
border upon. 

Circumsto, stare, steti, n. (cir- 
cum & sto,) to stand round. 

Circumvenio, -venire, -veni, 
-ventum, a. (circum & venio,) 
to surround; to circumvent. 

Circumventus, a, um, part. 

Ciris, is, f. the name of the fish 
into which Scylla was changed. 

Cisalpinus, a, um, adj. (cis & 
Alpes,) Cisalpine ; on this 
side of the Alps ; that is, on 
the side nearest to Rome. 

Cithseron, onis, m. a mountain 
of Ba>otia, near Thebes, sa- 
cred to Bacchus. 

Cito, adv. (ius, isslme,) quickly ; 
from 

Citus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
quick. 

Citra, pr. & adv. on this side. 



Civicus, a, um, adj. (civis,) civic : 
corona civica, a civic crown, 
given to him who had saved 
the life of a citizen by killing 
an enemy. 

Civilis, e, adj. of ox belonging to 
a citizen ; civil. 

Civis, is, c. a citizen. 

Civitas, atis, f. a city; a state; 
the inhabitants of a city ; the 
body of citizens; a constitu- 
tion ; citizenship ; freedom of 
the city. 

Clades, is, f. an overthrow ; dis- 
comfiture ; defeat ; disaster ; 
slaughter. 

Clam, pr. without the knowledge 
of : — adv. privately ; secretly. 

Clamo, are, avi, atum, a. to cry 
out ; to call on. 

Clamor, oris, m. a clamor; a 
cry. 

Clandestinus, a, um, adj. (clam,j 
secret ; clandestine. 

Clarltas, atis, f. celebrity ; fame ; 
from 

Clams, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
clear ; famous ; renowned ; 
celebrated; loud. 

Classis, is, f. a fleet 

Claudius, i, m. the name of sev- 
eral Romans, belonging to the 
tribe hence called Claudian. 

Claudo, claudere, clausi, clau- 
sum, a. to close ; to shut. 

Claud us, a, um, adj. lame. 

Clausus, a, um, part. (claudo,> 
shut up. 



CLAVUS COLLEGA. 



159 



Clavus, i, m. a nail ; a spike. 

Clemens, tis, adj. merciful. 

Clementia, ee, f. clemency ; mild- 
ness. 

Cleopatra, ae, f. an Egyptian 
queen, celebrated for her beau- 
ty. 

Cloaca, ae, f. a drain ; a common 
sewer. 

Cluentius, i, m. the name of sev- 
eral Romans. 

Clusium, 1, n. a city of Etruria. 

Clypeus, i, m. a shield; a buck- 
ler. 

Cn., an abbreviation of 

Cneius, 1, m. a Roman praeno- 
men. 

Coactus, a, um, part, (cogo,) col- 
lected; assembled ; compelled. 

Coccyx, ygis, m. a cuckoo. 

Codes, Ttis, m. a Roman, dis- 
tinguished for his bravery. 

Coctilis, e, adj. (coquo, § 129, 4,) 
dried; burnt; baked. 

Coctus, a, um, part (coquo,) 
baked; burnt; boiled. 

Ccelum, i, n. sing. m. pi. § 92, 4 ; 
heaven ; the climate ; the sky ; 
the air ; the atmosphere. 

Ccena, ae, f. a supper. 

Ccepi, isse, def. § 183, 1 ; I begin, 
or I began. 

Cceptus, a, um, part, begun. 

Coerceo, ere, ui, ftum, a. (con & 
arceo,) to check ; to restrain ; 
to vontrol. 

Cogitatio, onis, f. (coglto,) a 
thought ; a reflection. 
14 



Cogitatum, i, n. a thought 
Cogito, are, avi, atum, a. to think ; 

to consider ; to meditate. 
Cognitus, a, um, part, (cognosco.) 
Cognomen, inis, n. a surname; 

from 
Cognosco, -noscere, -novi, -ni- 

tum,a. (con & nosco,)fo know ; 

to learn : de causa, to try or 

decide a suit at law. 
Cogo, cogere, coegi, coactum, a. 

(con & ago,) to drive ; to 

compel ; to force ; to urge ; 

to collect: agmen, to bring 

up the rear ; to march in the 

rear. 
Cohaereo, -heerere, -hsesi, -hse- 

sum, n. (con & haereo,) to 

adhere; to be united; to be 

joined to. 
Cohibeo, -hibere, -hibui, -hibi- 

tum,a.(con & habeo, § 189, 2,) 

to hold back ; to restrain. 
Conors, tis, f. a cohort ; the tenth 

part of a legion. 
Cole hi, orum, m. the people of 

Colchis. 
Colchis, Idis, f. a country of Asia, 

east of the Euxine. 
Collabor, -labi, -lapsus sum, dep. 

(con & labor,) to fall. 
Collare, is, n. (collum,) a collar ; 

a necklace. 
Collatinus, i, m. a surname of 

Tarquinius, the husband of 

Lucretia. 
Collectus, a, um, part (colligo/ 
Collega, ae, m. a colleague. 



160 



COLLEGIUM COMMISSUS. 



Collegium, i, n. a college ; a 

covipany. 
Colligo, -ligere, -legi, -lectum, 

a. (con & lego,) to collect 
Collis, is, m. a hill. 
Collocatus, a, um, part, from 
Colloco, are, avi, atum, a. (con 

& loco,) to place: statuam, 

to erect ; to set up. 
Colloquium, i, n. conversation; 

an interview ; from 
Colloquor, -loqui, -locutus sum, 

dep. (con & loquor,) to speak 

together ; to converse. 
Collum, i, n. the neck. 
Colo, colere, colui, cultum, a. to 

cultivate ; to exercise ; to pur- 
sue ; to practise ; to respect ; 

to regard ; to venerate ; to 

worship ; to inhabit. 
Colonia, sb, f. a colony. 
Colonus, i, m. a colonist. 
Color, & Colos, oris, m, a color. 
Columba, se, f. a dove ; a 

pigeon. 
Columbare, is, n. a dovecote. 
Columna, a3, f. a pillar; a col- 
umn. 
Comburo, -urere, -ussi, -ustum, a. 

(con & uro, § 196, 4,) to burn ; 

to consume. 
Comedendus, a, um, part from 
Comedo, edere, edi, esum & 

estum, a. (con & edo,) to eat 

up ; to devour. 
Comes, Itis, c. a companion. 
Cometes, se, m. a comet, § 45. 
Comissor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 



revel ; to riot ; to banquet ; to 
carouse. 

Comitans, tis, part, (comitor.) 

Comitatus, a, um, part, from 

Comitor, ari, atus sum, dep. (co- 
mes,) to accompany; to at- 
tend; to follow. 

Commemoro, are, avi, atum, a* 
(con & memoro,) to commem- 
orate ; to mention. 

Commendo, are, avi, atum, a. 
(con & mando,) to commend; 
to recommend; to commit to 
one's care. 

Commeo, are, avi, atum, n. (con 
& meo,) to go to and fro ; to 
go and come ; to pass. 

Commercium, i, n. (con & 
merx,) commerce ; traffic ; in- 
tercourse. 

Commigro, are, avi, atum, n. 
(con & migro,) to emigrate ; 
to remove. 

Comminuo, -minuere, -minul, 
-minutum, a. (con & minuo,) 
to dash or break in pieces ; to 
crush. 

Comminutus, a, um, part, di- 
minished ; broken in pieces. 

Committo, -mittere, -misi, -mis- 
sum, a. (con & mitto,) to 
commit ; to intrust : pugnam, 
to join battle ; to commence 
or fight a battle. 

Commissus, a, um, part, intrust- 
ed ; perpetrated; committed, 
commenced : prcelium com- 
missum, a battle begun or 



COMMODITAS CONCIO. 



161 



fought : copiis commissis, 

forces being engaged. 
Commoditas, atis, f. (commodus,) 

a convenience ; commodious- 

ness. 
Commodum, i, n. an advantage ; 

gain. 
Commorior, -mori & -moriri, 

-mortuus sum, dep. (con & 

morior,) to die together. 
Commdror, ari, atus sum, dep. 

(con & moror,) to reside ; to 

stay at ; to remain ; to continue. 
Commotus, a, um, part, from 
Commoveo, -movere, -movi, -mo- 

tum, a. (con & moveo,) to 

move ; to excite ; to stir up ; 

to influence ; to induce. 
Communlco, are, avi, atum, a. 

to communicate; to impart; 

to tell ; from 
Communis, e, adj. common: in 

commune consulere, to con- 

suit for the common good. 
Comcedia, se, f. a comedy. 
Comparo, are, avi, atum, a. (con 

& paro,) to gain ; to procure ; 

to get ; to compare. 
Compello, -pellere, -puli, -pul- 

sum, a. (con & pello,) to drive ; 

to compel ; to force : in fugam, 

to put to flight. 
Compenso, are, avi, atum, a. (con 

& penso,) to compensate; to 

make amends for. 
Comperio, -perire, -peri, -pertum, 

a. (con & pario, § 189, 1,) to 

learn ; to discover. 



Complector, -plecti, -plexus sum, 
dep. (con & plector,) to em- 
brace; to comprise; to com- 
prehend ; to reach ; to extend: 
complecti amore, to love. 

Compono, -ponere, -posui, -posl- 
tum, a. (con & pono,) to com- 
pose ; to put together ; to ar- 
range ; to construct ; to finish ; 
to compare. 

Composltus, a, um, part. finished ; 
composed; quieted. 

Comprehendendus, a, um, part, 
from 

Comprehendo, -prehendere,-pre- 
hensi, -prehensum, a. (con & 
prehendo,) to comprehend ; to 
seize ; to apprehend. 

Comprehensus, a, um, part. 

Compulsus, a, um, part, (com- 
pello.) 

Conatus, a, um, part, (conor,) 
having endeavored. 

Concedo, -cedere, -cessi, -ces- 
sum, a. (con & cedo,) to yield; 
to permit ; to grant. 

Conceptus, a, um, part, (con- 
cipio,) conceived; couched; 
expressed. 

Concessus, a, um, part (concedo.) 

Concha, se, f. a shell-fish. 

Conchylium, i, n. a shell-fish. 

Concilio, are, avi, atum, a. to 
conciliate ; to unite ; to recon- 
cile ; to acquire for one's self; 
to gain ; to obtain ; from 

Concilium, i, n. a council. 

Concio, onis, f. (concieo,) an 



162 



CONCIPIO CONGERO. 



assembly; an assembly of the 
people. 

Concipio, -cipere, -cepi, -cep- 
tum, a. (con & capio, § 189, 
2,) to conceive ; to imagine ; 
to form; to draw up; to 
comprehend, 

Conclto, are, avi, atum, freq. 
(con & cito,) to excite; to 
raise. 

Concitor, oris, m. one who ex- 
cites ; an exciter; a mover; a 
disturber. 

Concoquo, -coquere, -coxi, -coc- 
tum, a. (con & coquo,) to boil ; 
to digest. 

Concordia, se, f. (concors,) con- 
cord; agreement; harmony. 

Concredo, -credere, -credldi, 
-credltum, a. (con & credo,) 
to trust ; to intrust. 

Concremo, are, avi, atum, a. 
(con & cremo,) to burn with ; 
to burn; to consume. 

Concurro, -currere, -curri, -cur- 
sum, n. (con & curro,) to run 
together : concurritur, pass, 
imp. a crowd assemble ; there 
is an assemblage. 

Concussus, a, um, part, shaken ; 
moved; from 

Concutio, -cutere, -cussi, -cus- 
sum, a. (con & quatio,) to 
shake ; to agitate ; to tremble. 

Conditio, onis, f. (condo,) con- 
dition ; situation ; a proposal ; 
terms. 

Conditus, a, um, part from 



Condo, -dere, -didi, -ditum, a. 
(con & do,) to found; to 
build ; to make ; to form ; to 
hide ; to bury ; to conceal. 

Conduco, -ducere, -duxi, -due- 
turn, a. (con & duco,) to hire. 

Confectus, a, um, part, (conficio.) 

Confero, conferre, contuli, col- 
latum, irr. a. (con & fero,) to 
biing together ; to heap up ; 
to bestow ; to give : se con- 
ferre, to betake one's self; 
to go. 

Conficio, -fi cere, -feci, -fectum, 
a. (con & facio,) to make ; to 
finish ; to waste ; to wear out; 
to terminate ; to consume ; to 
ruin ; to destroy ; to kill. 

Confligo, -fligere, -flixi, -flictum, 
a. (con & fligo,) to contend; 
to engage ; to fight. 

Conflo, are, avi, atum, a. (con & 
flo,) to blow together ; to melt ; 
to unite ; to compose. 

Confluo, -fluere, -fluxi, -fluxum, 
n. (con & fluo,) to flow to- 
gether ; to flock; to assemble. 

Confodio, -fodere, -fodi, -fossum, 
a. (con & fodio,) to dig; to 
pierce ; to stab. 

Confossus, a, um, part (confo- 
dio.) 

Confugio, -fugere, -fugi, -fugi- 
tum, n. (con & fugio,) to fly 
to ; to fly for refuge ; to flee. 

Congero, -gerere, -gessi, -ges- 
tum, a. (con & gero,) to bring 
together ; to collect ; to heap up 



CONGREDIOR CONSILIUM. 



163 



Congredior,-gredi,-gressus sum, 
dep. (con & gradior, § 189, 1,) 
to encounter; to engage; to 
fight. 

Congrego, are, avi, atum, a. (con 
& grex,) to assemble injlocks ; 
to assemble. 

Conjectus, a, urn, part, from 

Conjicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, 
a. (con & jacio,) to cast; to 
throw; to conjecture. 

Conjugium, i, n. (con & jugo,) 
marriage. 

Conjungo, -jungere, -junxi, 
-junctum, a. (con & jungo,) 
to unite ; to bind ; to join. 

Conjuratus, a, um, part, con- 
spired: conjurati, subs, con- 
spirators: from 

Conjuro, are, avi, atum, a. (con 
& juro,) to swear together ; to 
combine; to conspire: conju- 
ratum est, a conspiracy was 
formed. 

Conjux, ugis, c. (con & jugo,) 
a spouse ; a husband or 
wife. 

Conor, ari, atus sum, dep. to at- 
tempt ; to venture ; to endeav- 
or ; to strive. 

Conqueror, -queri, -questus sum, 
dep. (con & queror,) to com- 
plain ; to lament. 

Conscendo, -scendere, -scendi, 
-scensum, a. (con & scando,) 
to climb; to ascend* 

Conscensus, a, um, part, (con- 
scendo.) 

14* 



Conscisco, -sciscere, -scivi, -sci- 
tum, a. (con & scisco,) to 
decree ; to execute : sibi mor- 
tem consciscere, to lay violeiit 
hands on one's self; to com- 
mit suicide. 

Consecro, are, avi, atum, a. (con 
& sacro,) to consecrate ; to 
dedicate; to devote. 

Consedi. See Consido. 

Consenesco, -senescere, -senui, 
inc. (con & senesco,)/o grow 
old. 

Consentio, -sentire, -sensi, -sen- 
sum, n. (con & sentio,) to 
consent ; to agree ; to unite. 

Consequor, -sequi, -secutus sum, 
dep. (con & sequor,) to gain ; 
to obtain. 

Consecutus, a, um, part, having 
obtained. 

Consero, -serere, -serui, -sertum, 
a. (con & sero,) to join ; to 
put together : pugnam, to join 
battle ; to fight. 

Conservandus, a, um, part, 
from 

Conservo, are, avi, atum, a. (con 
& servo,) to preserve ; to main- 
tain ; to perpetuate. 

Considens, tis, part, from 

Consido, -sidere, -sedi, -sessum, 
n. (con & sido,) to sit down ; 
to encamp ; to take one's seat ; 
to perch ; to light. 

Consilium, i, n. (consulo,) coun- 
sel ; design ; intention ; a 
council ; deliberation : advice : 






164 



CONSISTO CONTENDO. 



apian ; judgment ; discretion ; 
prudence ; wisdom. 

Consisto, -sistere, -stiti, n. (con 
& sisto,) to stand; to consist 

Consolor, ari, atus sum, dep. 
(con & solor,) to comfort; to 
console. 

Conspectus, a, um, part, (con- 
spicio.) 

Conspectus, us, m. a sight; a 
view. 

Conspicatus, a, um, part (con- 
spicor,) 

Conspicio, -spicere, -spexi, -spec- 
turn, a. (con & specio, § 189, 
2,) to behold; to see. 

Conspicor, ari, atus sum, dep. 
to behold ; to see. 

Conspicuus, a, um, adj. conspicu- 
ous ; distinguished. 

Constans, tis, part. & adj. firm; 
determined ; constant ; steady. 

Constituo, -stituere, -stitui, -sti- 
tutum, a. (con & statuo,) to 
appoint ; to establish. 

Const o, -stare, -stiti, n. (con & 
sto,) to consist of: constat, 
imp. it is certain, manifest, 
clear, evident, known. 

Construo,-struere, -struxi, -struc- 
ture, a. (con & struo,) to con- 
struct ; to build ; to compose ; 
to form ; to heap up. 

Consuesco, -suescere, -suevi, 
-suetum, n. (con & suesco,) 
to be accustomed. 

Consuetudo, inis, f. habit; cus- 
tom. 



Consul, ulis, m. a consul. 

Consularis, e, adj. of or pertain- 
ing to the consul ; consular : 
vir consularis, one who has 
been a consul ; a man of con- 
sular dignity. 

Consulates, us, m. the consul- 



Consulo, -sulere, -sului, -sultum, 
a. to advise ; to consult. 

Consulto, are, avi, atum, freq. 
(consulo,) to advise together; 
to consult. 

Consumo, -sumere, -sumpsi, 
-sump turn, a. (con & sumo,) 
to consume ; to wear out ; to 
exhaust ; to waste ; to destroy. 

Consumptus, a, um, part. 

Contagiosus, a, um, adj. (con- 
tango,) contagious. 

Contemnendus, a, um, part, from 

Contemno, -temnere, -tempsi, 
-temptum, a. (con & temno,) 
to despise ; to reject with scorn. 

Contemplates, a, um, part ob- 
serving ; regarding; consid- 
ering; from 

Contemplor, ari, atus sum, dep. 
to contemplate; to regard; to 
consider ; to look at ; to gaze 
upon. 

Contemptim, adv. with contempt ; 
contemptuously ; scornfidly ; 
from 

Contemptus, a, um, part, (con- 
temno.) 

Contemptus, us, m. contempt. 

Contendo, dere, di, turn, a. & n. 






CONTENTIO CONVIVIUM. 



165 



(con & tendo,) to dispute ; to 
Jight ; to contend; to go to; 
to direct one's course : allquid 
ab allquo, to request ; to so- 
licit ; to beg something of 
some one. 

Contentio, onis, f. contention ; a 
debate ; a controversy ; exer- 
tion ; an effort ; a strife. 

Contentus, a, urn, adj. content; 
satisfied. 

Contero, -terere, -trivi, -tritum, 
a. (con & tero,) to break; to 
pound ; to waste. 

Continens, tis, part & adj. join- 
ing; continued; uninterrupt- 
ed; temperate: subs. f. the 
continent, or main land : from 

Contineo, -tinere, -tinui, -ten- 
turn, a. (con & teneo,) to hold 
in ; to contain. 

Contingo, -tingere, -tigi, -tac- 
tum, a. (con & tango,) to 
touch : contingit, imp. it hap- 
pens : mihi, it happens to me ; 
I have the fortune. 

Continuus, a, um, adj. continued; 
adjoining; incessant; unin- 
terrupted; continual; without 
intermission ; in close succes- 
sion: continuo alveo, in one 
entire or undivided channel. 

Contra, prep, against; opposite 
to : adv. on the other hand. 

Contractus, a, um, part, (contra- 
ho.) 

Contradico, -dieere, -dixi, -dic- 
tum, a. (contra & dico,) to 



speak against ; to contradict ; 
to oppose. 

Contradictus, a, um, part con- 
tradicted; opposed. 

Contraho, -trahere, -traxi, -trac- 
tum, a. (con & traho,) to con- 
tract ; to draw together ; to 
assemble; to collect. 

Contrarius, a, um, adj. contrary ; 
opposite. 

Contueor, -tueri, -tultus sum, 
dep. (con & tueor,) to regard; 
to behold; to view; to look 
steadfastly at ; to gaze upon ; 
to survey. 

Contundo,-tundere,-tudi,-tusum, 
a. (con & tundo,) to beat ; to 
bruise; to crush; to pulverize. 

Contusus, a, um, part. 

Convalesco, -valescere, -valui, 
inc. (con & valesco,) to grow 
well ; to recover. 

Convenio, -venire, -veni, -ven- 
tum, n. (con & venio,) to 
meet ; to assemble ; to come 
together. 

Converto, -vertere, -verti, -ver- 
sum, a. (con & verto,)2o turn ; 
to resort to ; to appropriate ; 
to convert into ; to change : 
se in preces, to turn to en* 
treating. 

Conversus, a, um, part. 

Convicium, i, n. loud noise, 
scolding ; reproach ; abuse. 

Convivium, i, n. (con & vivo,) a 
feast; a banquet; an ente* 
tainment. 



166 



CONVOCO CORYCIUS. 



Convoco, are, avi, atum, a. (con 
& voco,) to call together ; to 
assemble. 

Convolve-, -volvere, -volvi, -volu- 
tum, a. (con & volvo,) to roll 
together : pass, to be rolled to- 
gether : se, to roll one's self up. 

Cooperio, -perire, -perui, -per- 
tum, a. (con & operio,) to 
cover. 

Copia, se, f. an abundance; a 
multitude ; a swarm : copies, 
pi. forces; troops. 

Copiose, adv. (ius, issime,) co- 
piously ; abundantly. 

Coquo, coquere, coxi, coctum, a. 
to bake ; to boil ; to roast ; to 
cook. 

Coquus, i, m. a cook. 

Cor, cordis, n. the heart. 

Coram, prep, in the presence of; 
before : adv. openly. 

Corcyra, 83, f. an island on the 
coast ofEpirus, now Corfu. 

Corinthus, i, f. Corinth, a city of 
Achaia, in Greece. 

Corinthius, a, um, adj. Corinth- 
ian, belonging to Corinth : 
Corinthii, subs, the Corinthi- 
ans. 

Corioli, orum, m. pi. a town of 
Latium. 

Coriolanus, i, m. a distinguished 
Roman general. 

Corium, i, n. the skin ; the skin 
or hide of a beast. 

Cornelia, se, f. a noble Roman 
lady. 



Cornelius, i, m. the name of an 
illustrious tribe, or clan, at 
Rome, containing manyfam- 



Cornix, icis, f. a crow. 

Cornu, u, n. § 87 ; a horn. 

Corona, se, f. a crown. 

Corpus, oris, n. a body ; a corpse. 

Correptus, a, um, part (corripio.) 

Corrfgo, -rigere, -rexi, -rectum, 
a. (con &. rego,) to straight- 
en; to make better; to cor- 
rect. 

Corripio, -riper e, -ripui, -reptum, 
a. (con & rapio,) to seize. 

Corrodo, -rodere, -rosi, -rosum, 
a. (con & rodo,) to gnaw ; to 
corrode. 

Corrosus, a, um, part. 

Corruens, tis, part, (corruo.) 

Corrumpo, -rumpere, -rupi, -rup- 
tum, a. (con & rumpo,) to 
corrupt; to bribe; to hurt; 
to violate ; to seduce ; to im- 
pair ; to destroy. 

Corruo, -ruere, -rui, n. (con & 
ruo,) to fall ; to decay. 

Corruptus, a, um, part. & adj. 
(corrumpo,) bribed; vitiated; 
foul; corrupt. 

Corsica, se, f. an island in the 
Mediterranean sea, north of 
Sardinia. 

Corvinus, i, m. a surname given 
to M. Valerius. 

Corvus, i, m. a raven. 

Corycius, a, um, adj. Corycian 
of Corycus. 



CORYCUS CUNCTATIO. 



167 



Cory c us, i, m. the name of a city 
and mountain of Cilicia. 

Cos., an abbreviation of consul; 
Coss., of consules ; § 328. 

Cotta, se, m. a Roman cogno- 
men, belonging to the Aure- 
lian tribe. 

Crater, eris, m. a goblet ; a crater; 
the mouth of a volcano. 

Crates, etis, m. a Theban philoso- 
pher. 

Crassus, i, m. the name of a 
Roman family of the Lucinian 
tribe. 

Creatus, a, um, part, (creo.) 

Creber, crebra, crebrum, adj. 
frequent. 

Crebro, adv. (creber,) frequently. 

Credo, -dere, -dldi, -dltum, a. to 
believe ; to trust. 

Cremera, ae, f. a river of Etru- 
ria, near which the Fabian 
family were defeated and de- 
stroyed. 

Crerno, are, avi, atum, a. to burn ; 
to consume. 

Creo, are, avi, atum, a. to choose ; 
to create ; to elect. 

Cresco, crescere, crevi, cretum, 
n. to increase ; to grow. 

Creta, ae, f. Crete, now Candia, 
an island in the Mediterra- 
nean sea, south of the Cycla- 
des. 

Cretensis, e, adj. belonging to 
Crete, Cretan. 

Crevi. See Cresco. 

/Crimen, inis, n. a crime ; a fault; 



an accusation : allcui crimlni 
dare, to charge as a crime 
against one. 

Crinis, is, m. the hair. 

Crixus, i, m. the name of a cele- 
brated gladiator. 

Crocodilus, i, m. a crocodile. 

Cruciatus, a, um, part, (crucio.) 

Cruciatus, us, m. torture; tor- 
ment ; distress ; trouble ; af- 
fliction. 

Crucio, are, avi, atum, a. (crux,) 
to torment ; to torture. 

Crudelis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
cruel. 

Crudeliter, adv. cruelly. 

Crudus, a, um, adj. crude ; raw. 

Cruor, oris, m. blood; gore. 

Crus, uris, n. the leg. 

Crux, crucis, f. a cross. 

Cubitus, i, m., & Cubltum, i, n, 
a cubit. 

Cucurri. See Curro. 

Cui, & Cujus. See Qui, & Quis. 

Culex, icis, m. a gnat. 

Culpa, ae, f. a fault ; guilt ; 
blame. 

Culpo, are, avi, atum, a. to blame. 

Cultellus, i, m. (dim. from cul- 
ter,) a little knife ; a knife. 

Cultus, a, um, part, (colo,) culti- 
vated ; improved; dressed. 

Cum, pr. with : adv. the same as 
quum, when : cum — turn, 
not only — but also ; as well 
— as also. 

Cunctatio, onis, f. (cunctor,) de- 
lay ; a delaying ; hesitation. 



168 



CUNICULUS CYRENAICA. 



Cuniculus, i, m. a rabbit; a 
cony. 

Cupiditas, atis, f. (cupio,) desire ; 
cupidity, 

Cupido, Inis, f. desire. 

Cupidus, a, ura, adj. desirous. 

Cupiens, tis, part from 

Cupio, ere, ivi, itum, a. to desire ; 
to wish ; to long for. 

Cur, adv. why ; wherefore. 

Cura, se, f. care ; anxiety. 

Cures, ium, f. pi. a city of the 
Sabines. 

Curia, se, f. a curia or ward ; one 
of thirty parts into which the 
Roman people were divided; 
the senate-house. 

Curiatii, orum, m. pi. the name 
of an Alban tribe. Three 
brothers belonging to this tribe 
fought with the Horatii. 

Curo, are, avi, atum, a. (cura,) 
to take care of; to care ; to be 
concerned ; to cure or heal. 

Curro, currere, cucurri, cursum, 
n. to run. 

Currus, us, m. a chariot. 

Cursor, oris, m. a runner; also, 
a surname given to L. Pa- 
pirius. 

Cursus, us, m. a course ; a run- 
ning. 

Curvus, a, um, adj. crooked. 

Custodia, aa, f. (custos,) a prison ; 
a guard. 

Custodio, ire, ivi, itum, a. to pre- 
serve ; to keep safely ; to 
guard ; to watch ; from 



Custos, odis, c. a guard; a keep 
er. 

Cutis, is, f. the skin. 

Cyaneus, a, um, adj. dark blue. 

Cyclades, um, f. pi. a cluster of 
islands in the Archipelago, 
which derive their name from 
the Greek xtixXog, a circle. 

Cyclopes, um, m. pi. the Cyclops, 
giants of Sicily, living near 
JEtna. 

Cydnus, i, m. a river of Cilicia* 

Cyllene, es, f. a mountain in 
Arcadia. 

Cymba, se, f. a boat ; a skiff; a 
canoe. 

Cymbalum, i, n. a cymbal. 

Cynlcus, i, m. a Cynic. The 
Cynics were a sect of philoso- 
phers founded by Antisthe- 
nes. 

Cynocephalae, arum, f. pi. small 
hills near Scotussa, in Thes- 
saly. 

Cynocephali, orum, m. pi. a peo- 
ple of India with heads like 
dogs. 

Cynocephalus, i, m. an Egyp- 
tian deity. 

Cynossema, atis, n. a promontory 
of Thrace, near Sestos, where 
queen Hecuba was buried. 

Cynthus, i, m. a hill near the 
town of Delos. 

Cyrenge, arum, f. pi. Cyrene, a 
city of Africa, the capital of 
Cyrenaica. 

Cyrenalca, 83, f. a country in the 



CYREN^EUS DECERPO. 



169 



northern part of Africa, so 
called from its capital, Cy- 
ren<B. 

Cyrenaeus, a, um, adj. Cyrenean ; 
belonging to Cyrence, 

Cyrenensis, e, adj. Cyrenean; 
of Cyrena, 

Cyrnus, i, f. a Greek name of the 
island of Corsica, 

Cyrus, i, m. Cyrus, the name of 
a Persian king, 

Cyzlcus, i, f. the name of an 
island, near Mysia, contain- 
ing a town of the same 
name, 

D. 

Daedalus, i, m. an ingenious 
Athenian artist, the son of 
Euphemus. 

Damno, are, avi, atum, a. to con- 
demn, 

Damnosus, a, um, adj. injurious ; 
hurtful, 

Danaus, i, m. an ancient king of 
Argos, and brother of Mgyp- 
tus, 

Dandus, a, um, part (do.) 

Dans, tis, part, (do.) 

Danubius, i, m. the Danube, a 
river of Germany, called also, 
after its entrance into Illyri- 
cum, the Ister ; the largest riv- 
er in Europe, 

Daps, dapis, f. § 94 ; a feast ; a 
meal, 

Dardania, 33, f. a country and 



city of Asia Minor, near the 
Hellespont, 

Daturas, a, um, part, (do.) 

Datus, a, um, part, (do.) 

De, prep, from; of; concern- 
ing ; on account of. 

Dea, 83, f. § 43, 2 ; a goddess, 

Debello, are, avi, atum, a. (de & 
bello,) to conquer ; to subdue, 

Debeo, ere, ui, Itum, a. (de & ha- 
beo,)/o owe; to be obliged; with 
an infinitive, ought or should, 

Debeor, eri, Itus sum, pass, to 
be due, 

Debillto, are, avi, atum, a. (debl- 
lis,) to weaken ; to enfeeble, 

Debltus, a, um, part (debeo,) 
due; deserved; owing, 

Decedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum, 
n. (de & cedo,) to depart ; to 
retire ; to withdraw ; to yield ; 
to die, 

Decerno, -cernere, -crevi, -cre- 
tum, a. (de & cerno,) to judge ; 
to decide ; to fight ; to con- 
tend ; to discern ; to decree : 
bellum decretum cst,the man- 
agement of the war was de- 

Decem, num. adj. ten, [creed. 

Decemviri, orum, m. pi. decem- 
virs, ten men appointed to 
prepare a code of laws for 
the Romans, and by whom the 
laws of the twelve tables were 
formed, 

Decerpo, -cerpere, -cerpsi, -cerp- 
tum, a. (de & carpo,) to pluck 
off; to pick ; to gather. 



170 



DECIDO DEGO. 



Decido, -cidere, -cidi, n. (de & 
cado,) to fall : dentes deci- 
dunt, the teeth fail, or come 
out. 

Declmus, a, urn, num. adj. (de- 
cern,) the tenth. 

Decius, i, m. the name of several 
Romans, three of whom were 
distinguished for their patri- 
otism. 

Declaro, are, avi, atum, a. (de & 
claro,) to declare; to show. 

Decoctus, a, um, part, from 

Decoquo, -coquere, -coxi, -coc- 
tum, a. (de & coquo,) to boil. 

Decor us, a, um, adj. handsome; 
adorned ; decorous ; beauti- 

jko. 

Decretus, a, um, part, (decerno.) 

Decresco, -crescere, -crevi, n. 
(de & cresco,) to decrease; to 
diminish ; to subside ; to fall ; 
to decay. 

Decumbo, -cumbere, -cubui, n. 
(de & cubo,) to lie down. 

Decurro, -currere, -curri, -cur- 
sum, n. (de & curro,) to flow 
down ; to run. 

Dedi. See Do. 

Dedldi. See Dedo. 

Deditio, onis, f. (dedo,) a surren- 
der. 

Dedltus, a, um, part, (dedo.) 

Dedo, dedere, dedldi, deditum, 
a. to surrender ; to deliver up ; 
to give up; to addict or de- 
vote one's self. 

Deduco, -ducere, -duxi, -duc- 



tum, a. (de & duco,) to lead 
forth ; to bring ; to lead. 

Defatigo, are, avi, atum, a. (de 
& fatigo,) to weary ; to fa- 
tigue. 

Defendo, -fendere, -fendi, -fen- 
sum, a. (de & fendo, § 172,) 
to defend ; to protect. 

Defensus, a, um, part (defendo.) 

Defero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, irr. a. 
(de & fero,) to bring ; to con- 
vey ; to proffer; to confer ; to 
give ; to bestow. 

Deficiens, tis, part, from 

Deficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum, 
a. & n. (de & facio,) to fail; 
to be wanting ; to decrease ; 
to be eclipsed. 

Defleo, ere, evi, etum, a. (de & 
fieo,) to deplore; to bewail, 
to lament; to weep for. 

Defluo, -fluere, -fluxi, -fluxum, 
n. (de & fluo,) to flow down. 

Defodio, -fodere, -fbdi, -fossum, 
a. (de & fodio,) to bury; to 
inter. 

Deformitas, atis, f. (deformis,) 
deformity; ugliness. 

Defossus, a, um, part, (defodio.) 

Defunctus, a, um, Tp&rt. finished: 
defunctus or defunctus vita, 
dead: from 

Defungor, -fungi, -functus sum, 
dep. (de & fungor,) to exe- 
cute ; to perform ; to be free 
from ; to finish. 

Degens, tis, part from 

Dego, degere, degi, a. & a 



DEGUSTO DEMOSTHENES. 



171 



(de & ago,) to lead ; to live ; 
to dwell, 

Degusto, are, avi, atum, a. (de & 
gusto,) to taste. 

Deinde, adv. (de & inde,) then; 
further ; after that ; next. 

Deiotarus, i, m. a man who was 
made king of Galatia, by the 
Roman senate, through the 
favor of Pompey. 

Dejectus, a, um, part, from 

Dejicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, 
a. (de & jacio,) to throw or 
cast down. 

Delabor, -labi, -lapsus sum, dep. 
(de & labor,) to fall; to glide 
down; to flow. 

Delapsus, a, um, part, descend- 
ing ; having fallen. 

Delatus, a, um, part, (defero,) 
conferred. 

Delecto, are, avi, atum, a. (de &. 
lacto, § 189, 1,) to delight; to 
please. 

Delectus, a, um, part, (dellgo.) 

Delendus, a, um, part, to be de- 
stroyed; from 

Deleo, ere, evi, etum, a. to ex- 
tinguish ; to destroy ; to ruin. 

Delicise, arum, f. pi. pastimes ; 
diversions; pleasures; delights. 

Delictum, i, n. (delinquo,) a cHme; 
a fault. 

Dellgo, -ligere, -legi, -lectum, a. 
(de & lego,) to select; to choose. 

Delinquo, -linquere, -liqui, -lic- 
tum, a. (de & linquo to of- 
fend ; to do wrong. 
15 



Delphlcus, a, um, adj. Delphic, 
belonging to Delphi. 

Delphi, orum, m. pi. a town of 
Phocis, where were a famous 
temple and oracle of Apollo. 

Delphlrms, i, m. a dolphin. 

Delta, se, f. a part of Egypt, so 
called from its resemblance to 
the Greek letter delta, A. 

Delubrum, i, n. a temple; a 
shrine. 

Delus or -os, i, f. an island, con- 
taining a city of the same 
name, situated in the Mgean 
sea ; the birthplace of Apollo 
and Diana. 

Demaratus, i, m. a Corinthian, 
the father of the elder Tar- 
quin. 

Demergo, -mergere, -mersi, 
-mersum, a. (de & mergo,) to 
plunge ; to sink. 

Demersus, a, um, part. 

Demetrius, i, m. a Greek proper 
name. 

Demissus, a, um, part, cast down ; 
descending ; from 

Demitto, -mittere, -misi, -mis- 
sum, a. (de & mitto,) to send 
down; to let down; to drop. 

Democritus, i, m. a Grecian phi- 
losopher, who was born at 
Abdera. 

Demonstro, are, avi, atum, a. 
(de & monstro,) to demon- 
strate ; to show ; to prove. 

Demosthenes, is, m. the most cele- 
brated of the Athenian orators 



172 



DEMUM DESUM. 



Demum, adv. at length ; not till ; 

at last ; only. 
Deni, ae, a, num. adj. pi. § 119, 

every ten ; ten. 
Denique, adv. finally ; at last. 
Dens, tis, m. a tooth. 
Densus, a, um, adj. thick. 
Dentatus, i, m. (Siccius,) the 

cognomen, or surname, of a 

brave Roman soldier. 
Denuntio or -cio, are, avi, atum, 

a. (de & nuntio,) to denounce ; 

to foreshow ; to proclaim ; to 

declare. 
Depascor, -pasci, -pastus sum, 

dep. (de & pascor,) to feed; 

to eat up ; to feed upon. 
Depingo, -pingere, -pinxi, -pic- 

tum, a. (de & pingo,) to paint ; 

to depict ; to describe ; to ex- 
hibit. 
Deploro, are, avi, atum, a. (de & 

ploro,) to weep for ; to deplore ; 

to mourn. 
Depono, -ponere, -posui, -posi- 

tum, a. (de & pono,) to lay 

down or aside. 
Depopulates, a, um, part from 
Depopulor, ari, atus sum, dep. 

(de & populus,) to lay waste. 
Deprehendo, -prehendere, -pre- 

hensi, -prehensum, a. (de & 

prehendo,) to seize ; to catch ; 

to detect. 
Deprehensus, a, um, part. 
Depulso, are, avi, atum, freq. 

(de & pulso,) to push away ; 

to keep off; to repel. 



Deseendo, -scendere, -scendi, 
-scensum, n. (de & scando, 
§ 189, 1,) to descend: in cer- 
tamen descendere, to engage 
in a contest : descenditur, 
imp. one descends; we de- 
scend. 

Describo, -scribere, -scripsi, 
-scriptum, a. (de & scribo,) 
to describe ; to divide ; to or- 
der. 

Desero, -serere, -serui, -sertum, 
a. (de & sero,) to desert ; to 
forsake ; to abandon. 

Desertum, i, n. a desert. 

Desertus, a, um, part. & adj. 
deserted ; waste ; desolate ; 
desert. 

Desiderium, i, n. a longing for ; 
a desire ; love ; affection ; re- 
gret; grief. 

Desino, -sinere, -sivi, -situm, n. 
(de & sino,) to leave off; to 
terminate ; to cease ; to end ; 
to renounce. 

Desperatus, a, um, part. & adj. 
despaired of; past hope ; des- 
perate ; hopeless. 

Despero, are, avi, atum, a. (de & 
spero,) to despair. 

Desponsatus, a, um, part, from 

Desponso, are, avi, atum, a. to 
promise in marriage; to be- 
troth; to affiance. 

Desttno, are, avi, atum, a. to de- 
sign ; to appoint ; to deter 
mine ; to aim at. 

Desum, -esse, -fui, -futurus, irr 



DETERIOR DIFFICILIS. 



173 



n. (de & sum,) to be want- 
ing. 

Deterior, adj. comp. (sup. deter- 
rimus, § 126, 1,) worse. 

Deterreo, ere, ui, Itum, a. (de & 
texreo,) to deter ; to frighten. 

Detestor, ari, atus sum, dep. (de 
& testor,) to detest. 

Detractus, a, um, part from 

Detraho, -trahere, -traxi, -trac- 
tum, a. (de & traho,) to take 
down or away; to draw off; 
to take from. 

Detrimentum, i, n. (detero,) det- 
riment; damage; harm; loss ; 
injury. 

Deus, i, m. § 52 ; God ; a god. 

Deveho, -vehere, -vexi, -vectum, 
a. (de & veho,) to carry away. 

Devexus, a, um, adj. sloping; 
inclining. 

Devictus, a, um, part, from 

Devinco, -vincere, -vlci, -vic- 
tual, a. (de & vinco,) to con- 
quer ; to subdue ; to overcome. 

Devolo, are, avi, atum, n. (de & 
volo,) to fly down ; to fly 
away. 

Devoro, are, avi, atum, a. (de & 
voro,) to devour ; to eat up. 

Devotus, a, um, part, from 

Devoveo, -vovere, -vovi, -votum, 
a. (de & voveo,) to vow; to 
devote ; to consecrate. 

Dexter, era, erum, or ra, rum, 
§ 106, adj. right ; on the right 
hand. 

D extra, ee, f. the right hand. 



Diadema, atis, n. a diadem; a 
white filet worn upon the 
heads of kings. 

Diagoras, ae, m. a Rhodian who 
died from excessive joy, be- 
cause his three sons were vic- 
torious at the Olympic games. 

Diana, se, f. the daughter of Ju- 
piter and Latona, and sister 
of Apollo 

Dico, are, avi, atum, a. to conse 
crate ; to dedicate. 

Dico, dicere, dixi, dictum, a. to 
say ; to name ; to call. 

Dictator, oris, m. a dictator; a 
chief magistrate, elected on 
special occasions, and vested 
with absolute authority ; from 

Dicto, are, avi, atum, freq. to dic- 
tate ; to say often. 

Dictum, i, n. a word; an ex- 
pression. 

Dictus, a, um, part, (dico.) 

Dies, ei, m. or f. in sing., m. in 
pi., § 90 ; a day : in dies, dai- 
ly ; every day. 

Differens, tis, adj. different ; dif- 
fering ; from 

Differo, differre, distuli, dila- 
tum, irr. a. & n. (dis & fero,) 
to carry up and down; to 
scatter ; to disperse ; to spread 
abroad ; to publish ; to defer ; 
to be different. 

Difficile, adv. (ius, lime,) diffi- 
cultly ; with difficulty ; from 

Difficilis, e, adj. (dis & facilis,j 
difficult. 



174 



DIFFJCULTAS D1SEHTE. 






Difficultas, atis, f. § 101, 1 ; dif- 
ficulty ; trouble ; embarrass- 
ment ; poverty. 

Digitus, i, m. a finger ; a finger's 
breadth. 

Dignatus, a, urn, part, (dignor,) 
vouchsafing; thought worthy. 

Dignitas, atis, f. (dignus,) digni- 
ty ; honor ; office. 

Dignor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
think worthy ; to vouchsafe ; 
to deign ; from 

Dignus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
luorthy. 

Dilanio, are, avi, atum, a. (dis & 
lanio,) to tear or rendin pieces. 

Diligenter, adv. (ius, issime,) 
diligently ; carefully. 

Dillgo, -iigere, -lexi, -lectum, a. 
(dis & lego,) to love. 

Dimicatio, onis, f. a fight; a 
contest ; a battle ; from 

Dimico, are, avi, (or ui,) atum, 
a. (dis & mico,) to fight: 
dimicatum est, a battle was 
fought. 

Dimissus, a, um, part, from 

Dimitto, -mittere, -misi, -missum, 
a. (dis & mitto,) to dismiss ; 
to let go. 

Diogenes, is, m. an eminent Cyn- 
ic philosopher, boiift at Sinope, 
a city of Asia Minor. 

Diomedes, is, m. a Grecian war- 
rior ; also, a cruel king of 
Thrace. 

Dionysius, i, m. the name of two 
tyrants of Syracuse. 



Diremp turns, a, um, part (din- 
mo,) about to decide. 

Direptus, a, um, part, (diripio.) 

Dirimo, -imere, -emi, -emptum, 
a. (dis & emo, § 196, 13,) to 
divide ; to part ; to separate ; 
to decide. 

Diripio, -ripere, -ripui, -reptum, 
a. (dis & rapio,) to rob; to 
plunder ; to pillage ; to sack ; 
to destroy. 

Diruo, -ruere, -rui, -rutum, a. (dis 
& ruo,) to destroy; to over- 
throw ; to raze. 

Dims, a, um, ^.frightful; ter- 
rible ; direful ; ominous. 

Dirutus, a, um, part, (diruo.) 

Discedo, -cedere, -cessi, -ces- 
sum, n. (dis & cedo,) to depart; 
to go away. 

Discerpo, -cerpere,-cerpsi,-cerp- 
tum, a. (dis & carpo,) to tear 
in pieces. 

Discerptus, a, um, part (dis- 
cerpo.) 

Discipulus, i, m. (disco,) a pupil ; 
a scholar. 

Disco, discere, didici, a. to learn. 

Discordia, se, f. (discors,) dis- 
sension ; disagreement; dis- 
cord. 

Discordo, are, avi, atum, n. to 
be at variance ; to differ. 

Discrepo, are, avi or ui, Itum, n. 
(dis & crepo,) to differ; to 
disagree. 

Diserte, adv. (ius, issime,) clear 
ly ; eloquently. 



DISPUTATIO DODONA. 



175 



Disputatio, onis, f. a dispute ; a 
discourse ; a discussion ; from 

Disputo, are, avi, atum, a. (dis 
&, puto,) to discourse ; to dis- 
pute; to discuss. 

Dissemino, are, avi, atum, a. 
(dis & semlno,) to spread 
abroad; to scatter; to pro- 
mulgate. 

Dissero, -serere, -serui, -sertum, 
a. (dis & sero,) to discourse ; 
to reason ; to debate ; to say. 

Dissidium, i, n. a disagreement ; 
a dissension. 

Dissimllis, e, adj. unlike; dis- 
similar. 

Distans, tis, part, (disto,) differ- 
ing ; distant; being divided, 
or separated. 

Distinguo, -stinguere, -stinxi, 
-stinctum, a. (di & stinguo,) 
to distinguish; to mark; to 
adorn ; to variegate ; to spot ; 
to sprinkle. 

Disto, stare, n. (di & sto,) to be 
distant or apart ; to be divid- 
ed ; to differ. 

Distribuo, -tribuere, -tribui, -tri- 
butum, a. (dis & tribuo,) to 
distribute ; to divide. 

Ditis, e, adj. (ior, isslmus,) rich. 

Diu, adv. (utius, utisslme, § 394,) 
long ; for a long time : tam 
diu — quam diu, so long — as. 

Diurnus, a, um, adj. daily. 

Diutlnus, a, um, adj. lasting; 
long. 



Diuturmtas, atis, f. long contin- 
uance ; duration. 

Diuturnus, a, um, adj. long; last- 
ing. 

Divello, -vellere, -velli or -vulsi, 
-vulsum, a. (di & vello,) to 
separate; to disjoin; to tear 

off. 

Diversus, a, um, adj. different. 

Dives, Itis, adj. rich; wealthy; 
fertile ; fruitful. 

Divido, dividere, divlsi, divisum, 
a. to divide ; to distribute ; to 
separate. 

Divinus, a, um, adj. divine; heav- 
enly. 

Divisus, a, um, part, (divido.) 

Divitise, arum, f. pi. riches; 
wealth. 

Divulsus, a, um, part (divello.) 

Do, dare, dedi, datum, a. to give ; 
to grant ; to surrender : poe- 
nas, to suffer punishment: 
crimlni, to impute as a crime ; 
to accuse : finem, to termi- 
nate : causam, to occasion : 
nomen, to give name. 

Doceo, ere, ui, turn, a. to teach. 

Docilitas, atis, f. docility ; teach- 
ableness. 

Doctrina, se, f. instruction ; edu- 
cation ; doctrine. 

Doctus, a, um, part & adj. 
(doceo,) taught ; learned. 

Dodona, ©, f. a town and forest 
ofEplrus, where were a temple 
and oracle of Jupiter 



15 



176 



DOLEO DUX. 



Doleo, ere, ui, n. to grieve; to 
sorrow ; to be in pain. 

Dolor, oris, m. pain ; sorrow ; 
grief. 

Dolus, i, m. a device; a trick; 
a stratagem ; guile ; arti- 
fice. 

Domestlcus, a, um, adj. (domus,) 
domestic. 

Domicilium, i, n. a habitation; 
a house ; an abode. 

Domina, se, f. (domlnus,) a mis- 
tress. 

Dominatio, onis, f. government ; 
power ; dominion; usurpa- 
tion ; domination ; despotism. 

Domlnus, i, m. master; owner; 
lord. 

Domitus, a, um, part, from 

Domo, are, ui, Itum, a. to sub- 
due; to tame; to overpower; 
to conquer ; to vanquish. 

Domus, us & i, f. § 89, 1 ; a 
house : domi, at home : domo, 
from home : domum, home. 

Donee, adv. until ; as long as. 

Dono, are, avi, atum, a. (donum,) 
to give ; to present. 

Donum, i, n. a gift; an offering; 
a present. 

Dormio, Ire, Ivi, itum, n. to 
sleep. 

Dorsum, i, n. the back. 

Dos, dotis, f. a portion ; a dowry. 

Draco, onis, m. a dragon; a 
svecies of serpent. 

Druldse, arum, m. pi. Druids, 



priests of the ancient Britons 
and Gauls. 

Dubitatio, onis, f. a doubt; hesi- 
tation; question; from 

Dublto, are, avi, atum, n. to hesi- 
tate ; to doubt. 

Ducenti, se, a, num. adj. pi. two 
hundred. 

Duco, cere, xi, ctum, a. to lead; 
to conduct : uxorem, to take a 
wife ; to marry : exequias, to 
perform funeral riles; mu- 
rum, to build a wall. 

Ductus, a, um, part. led. 

Duillius, i, m ^Caius,) a Roman 
commander, who first con- 
quered the Carthaginians in 
a naval engagement. 

Dulcis, e, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
siveet ; pleasant. 

Dum, adv. & conj. while; whilst; 
as long as ; until. 

Duo, as, o, num. adj. pi. § 118, 1, 
two. 

Duodecim, num. adj. ind. pi. 
twelve. 

Duodecimus, a, um, num. adj. 
the twelfth. 

Duodeviginti, num. adj. ind. pi. 
§ 118, 4 ; eighteen. 

Duritia, 89, & Durities, ei, f. 
§ 101, 1 ; hardness ; from 

Durus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
hard; severe; harsh; unfa- 
vorable. 

Dux, cis, c. a leader; a guide 
a commander 






E. ELAUOR. 



177 



E. 

E, ex, prep, out of; from ; of; 
among. 

Ea. See Is. 

Eblbo, -bibere, -blbi, -bibitum, a. 
(e & bibo,) to drink up. 

Ebrietas, atis, f. (ebrius,) drunk- 
enness. 

Ebur, oris, n. ivory. 

Edico, -dicere, -dixi, -dictum, a. 
(e & dico,) to proclaim; to 
announce ; to publish ; to or- 
der. 

Edldi. See Edo. 

Editus, a, urn, part, published; 
uttered; produced; from 

Edo, -dere, -dldi, -dltum, a. to 
publish; to cause; to occa- 
sion ; to produce ; to make : 
spectaculum edere, to give an 
exhibition. 

Edo, edere or esse, edi, esum, 
irr. a. § 181 ; to eat ; to con- 
sume. 

Educatus, a, um, part, from 

Educo, are, avi, atum, a. to edu- 
cate ; to instruct. 

Educo, -ducere, -duxi, -ductum, 
a. (e & duco,} to lead forth; 
to bring forth ; to produce ; 
to draw out. 

Efficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum, 
a. (e & facio,) to effect; to 
make; to form; to cause; to 
accomplish. 

Effigies, iei, f. an image ; an effigy. 



Efflo, are, avi, atum, a. (e & flo,) 
to breathe out: anlmam, to 
die ; to expire. 

ErTugio, -fugere, -fugi, -fugitum, 
a. & n. (e & fugio,) to escape ; 
to fly from; to flee. 

EfFundo, -fundere, -fudi, -fusum, 
a. (e & fundo,) to pour out ; 
to spill; to discharge; to 
waste ; to overflow ; to extend 
or spread. 

Effusus, a, um, part, poured out; 
wasted. 

Egeria, se, f. a nymph of the 
Jlricinian grove, from whom 
JYuma professed to receive in- 
structions respecting religious 
rites. 

Egero, -gerere, -gessi, -gestum, 
a. (e & gero,) to carry out ; 
to cast forth ; to throw out. 

Egestus, a, um, part. 

Egi. See Ago. 

Ego, mei, subs. pro. J; § 133. 

Egredior, -gredi, -gressus sum, 
dep. (e & gradior,) to go out; 
to overflow ; to go beyond. 

Egregie, adv. in a distinguished 
manner; excellently ; famous- 
ly ; from 

Egregius, a, um, adj. (e & 
grex,) distinguished ; emi- 
nent; choice. 

Egressus, a, um, part (egredior.) 

Ejusmodi, pro. (genitive of is & 
modus, § 134, 5,) such; such 
like ; of the same sort. 

Elabor, -labi, -lapsus sum, dep. 



178 



ELAPSUS- -EPHIALTES. 



(e & labor,) to glide away ; 

to escape. 
Elapsus, a, um, part, having 

passed. 
Elephantis, idis, f. an island and 

city in the southern part of 

Egypt. 
Elephantus, i, & Elephas, antis, 

m. an elephant. 
Eleusinii, orum, m. pi. the Eleu- 

sinians ; the inhabitants of 

Eleusis. 
Eleusis & -in, Inis, f. a town of 

Attica, sacred to Ceres. 
Elido, -lidere, -lisi, -lisum, a. (e 

& lsedo,) to crush. 
Efrgo, -ligere, -legi, -lectum, a. 

(e & lego,) to choose; to se- 
lect. 
Eloquens, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 

(eloquor,) eloquent. 
Eloquentia, ea, f. eloquence. 
Eloquor, -loqui, -locutus sum, 

dep. (e & loquor,) to say ; to 

declare ; to tell. 
Eluceo, -lucere, -luxi, n. (e & 

luceo,) to shine forth. 
Emergo, -mergere, -mersi, -mer- 

sum, n. (e & mergo,) to 

emerge ; to come out ; to rise 

up. 
Emineo, ere, ui, n. to be eminent ; 

to rise above; to be conspicu- 
ous ; to be distinguished ; to 

appear, 
Emitto, -mittere, -mlsi, -missum, 

a. (e & mitto,) to send forth ; 

to discharge. 



Emo, emere, emi, emptum, a. to 
buy; to purchase. 

Emorior, -mori or -moriri, -mor- 
tuus sum, dep. to die. 

Emptus, a, um, part, (emo.) 

Enascor, -nasci, -natus sum, 
dep. to arise ; to be born ; to 
spring from. 

Enatus, a, um, part, born of. 

Eneco, -necare, -necavi or -necui, 
-necatum or -nectum, a. (e & 
neco,) to kill. 

Enervo, are, avi, atum, a. to 
enervate ; to enfeeble ; to weak- 
en. 

Enim, conj. § 279, 3 ; for ; but ; 
truly; indeed. 

Enna, ae, f. a town of Sicily. 

Ennius, i, m. a very ancient Ro- 
man poet. 

Enuntio, are, avi, atum, a. to pro- 
claim ; to disclose ; to divulge. 

Eo, ire, ivi, itum, irr. n. § 182: 
to go. 

E6, adv. thither ; to that degree ; 
to that pitch ; to that degree 
of eminence. 

Eous, i, m. the morning star. 

Eous, a, um, adj. eastern; the 
eastern. 

Epaminondas, as, m. a distin- 
guished Theban general. 

Ephesus, i, m. a city on the west- 
ern coast of Ionia, near the 
river Cayster. 

Ephialtes, is, m. a giant, the son 
of Neptune or of Aloeus, and 
brother of Off)s 



EPIMENIDES- — EUROPA. 



179 



Epimenldes, is, m. a poet of 

Gnossus, in Crete. 
Epirus, i, f. a country in the 

western part of Greece. 
Epistola, se, f. an epistle ; a let- 
ter. 
Epulor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 

feast ; to feast upon; to eat; 

from 
Epulum, i, n. sing., & Epulse, 

arum, f. pi. a banquet; a 

feast. 
Eques, itis, m. (equus,) a knight ; 

a horseman : equltes, pi. 

knights ; horsemen ; cavalry. 
Equidem, conj. (ego & quidem,) 

indeed ; I for my part. 
Equitatus, us, m. cavalry. 
Equus, i, m. a horse. 
Eram, Ero, &c. See § 153. 
Ereptus, a, um, part, (eripio.) 
Erga, prep, towards. 
Ergo, conj. § 198, 6 ; therefore. 
Erinaceus, i, m. a hedgehog. 
Eripio, -ripere, -ripui, -reptum, 

a. (e & rapio,) to tear from ; 

to take from ; to rescue ; to 

take away ; to deliver. 
Erro, are, avi, atum, n. to wander; 

to err ; to stray ; to roam. 
Erodo, -rodere, -rosi, -rosum, a. 

(e & rodo,) to gnaw away; 

to consume ; to eat into. 
Erudio, ire, Ivi, itum, a. (e & ru- 

dis,) to instruct; to form. 
Eruditio, onis, f. instruction; 

learning. 
Erudftus, a, um, part, (erudio.) 



Esse, Essem, &c. See Sum. 

Esuriens, tis, part, hungry ; be- 
ing hungry. 

Esurio, Ire, Ivi, Itum, n. to be 
hungry. 

Et, conj. § 198, 1 ; and ; also ; 
even : et — et, both — and. 

Etiam, conj. (et & jam,) also; 
especially ; with an adjective 
or adverb in the comparative 
degree, even. 

Etruria, 8e, f. a country of Italy, 
north and west of the Tiber ; 
Tuscany. 

Etrusci, orum, m. pi. the people 
of Etruria; the Tuscans or 
Etrurians. 

Etruscus, a, um, adj. belonging 
to Etruria ; Tuscan or Etru- 
rian. 

Eubcea, ae, f. a large island 
in the Mgean sea, near Bozo- 
tia. 

Eumenes, is, m. a general in 
Alexander's army; also, the 
name of several kings ofPer- 
gamus. 

Euphemus, i, m. the father of 
DcBdalus. 

Euphrates, is, m. a large river 
which forms the western boun- 
dary of Mesopotamia. 

Euripides, is, m. a celebrated 
Athenian tragic poet. 

Euripus, i, m. a narrow strait 
between Bceotia and Eubaza. 

Europa, 8e, f. the daughter of 
Agenor, king of Phoenicia. 



180 



EUROT AS EXC OLO . 



From her, Europe, one of the 
quarters of the earth, is sup- 
posed to have been named. 

Eurotas, ge, m. a river of Laco- 
nia, near Spaiia. 

Euxinus, i, m. (from Evgswog, 
hospitable,) (pontus,) the Eux- 
ine, now the Black sea. 

Evado, -vadere, -vasi, -vasum, 
a. & n. (e & vado,) to go out ; 
to escape; to become. 

Everto, -vertere, -verti, -versum, 
a. (e & verto,) to overturn; 
to destroy. 

Eversus, a, um, part, overturned ; 
destroyed. 

Evoco, are, avi, atum, a. (e & 
voco,) to call out ; to summon ; 
to implore. 

Evolo, are, avi, atum, n. (e & 
volo,) to fly out or away. 

Evomo, -vomere, -vomui, -vomi- 
tum, a. (e & vomo,) to vomit 
forth; to eructate; to dis- 
charge. 

Ex, prep. See E. 

Exactus, a, um, part, (exigo,) 
banished ; driven away. 

Exeequo, are, avi, atum, a. (ex & 
sequo,) to equal. 

Exanimo, are, avi, atum, a. (ex & 
anima,) to kill ; to deprive of 
life ; to render lifeless. 

Exardesco, -ardescere, -arsi, inc. 
to burn; to become inflamed; 
to kindle ; to become excited ; 
to be enraged: bellum exar- 
sit, a war broke out 



Exaspero, are, avi, atum, a. to 

exasperate ; to incense. 
Excseco, are, avi, atum, a. (ex 

& csecus,) to blind ; to make 

blind. 
Excedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum, 

n. (ex & cedo,) to depart ; to 

exceed ; to surpass ; to go be- 
yond. 
Excello, -celere, -celui, -celsum, 

n. (ex & cello,) to be high ; 

to excel ; to be eminent. 
Excelsus, a, um, adj. high ; lofty. 
Excidium, i, n. (ex & csedo,) a 

destruction; ruin. 
Excldo, -cidere, cidi, n. (ex & 

cado,) to fall ; to fall out or 

from; to drop. 
Excldo, -cidere, -cidi, -cisum, a. 

(ex & csedo,) to cut out; to 

cut down ; to hew out. 
Excisus, a, um, part. 
Excipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptum, 

a. (ex & capio,) to sustain; 

to receive ; to support ; to fol- 
low ; to succeed. 
Excitandus, a, um, part, from 
Excito, are, avi, atum, a. freq. 

(excieo,) to excite ; to awaken : 

to arouse ; to stir up. 
Exclamo, are, avi, atum, a. (ex & 

clamo,) to cry out ; to exclaim. 
Excludo, -cludere, -clusi, -clu- 

sum, a. (ex & claudo,) to 

exclude ; to hatch. 
Excolo, -colere, -colui, -cultum, 

a. (ex & colo,) to cultivate 

to exercise 



EXCRUCIO EXPETO. 



181 



Excrucio, are, avi, atum, a. (ex 
& crucio,) to torment; to 
trouble. 

Excubise, arum, f. pi. (excubo,) a 
guard; a watch; a sentinel. 

Excusatio, onis, f. (excuso,) an 
excusing ; an excuse ; an apol- 
ogy- 

Exedo, -edere & -esse, -edi, 

-esum, irr. a. (ex & edo, § 181,) 
to eat ; to eat up ; to devour. 

Exemplum, i, n. an example ; an 
instance. 

Exequise. See Exsequise. 

Exerceo, ere, ui, Itum, a. (ex & 
arceo,) to exercise; to train; 
to discipline ; to practise : 
agrum, to cultivate the earth : 
dominationem, to be tyranni- 
cal. 

Exercltus, us, m. an army. 

Exhaurio, -haurire, -hausi, -haus- 
tum, a. (ex & haurio,) to ex- 
haust ; to drain; to wear out; 
to impoverish. 

Exlgo, -igere, -egi, -actum, a. (ex 
& ago,) to drive away; to 
banish. 

Exiguus,a,um, adj. small ; scanty. 

Exilis, e, adj. slender ; small ; thin. 

Exilium, i, n. (ex & solum,) ex- 
ile ; banishment. 

Eximie, adv. remarkably ; very ; 
from 

Eximius, a, um, adj. (eximo,) ex- 
traordinary ; remarkable. 

Existimatio, onis, f. opinion; 
reputation; respect; from 



Existlmo, are, avi, atum, a. (ex 
& sestimo,) to believe ; to 
think; to imagine; to sup- 
pose. 

Exitium, i, n. (exeo,) destruction ; 
ruin. 

Exitus, us, m. an exit ; the event ; 
the issue ; an outlet. 

Exoratus, a, um, part, (exoro,) 
entreated ; influenced ; in- 
duced. 

Exorior, -oriri, -ortus sum, dep. 
§ 177, (ex & orior,) to rise; 
to arise ; to appear. 

Exorno, are, avi, atum, a. (ex & 
orno,) to adorn ; to deck. 

Exoro, are, avi, atum, a. (ex & 
oro,) to entreat or beseech 
earnestly. § 197, 5. 

Exortus, a, um, part, (exorior,) 
risen ; having arisen. 

Expecto or -specto, are, avi, 
atiim, a. (ex & specto,) to 
look for; to wait for. 

Expedio, ire, ivi, itum, a. (ex & 
pes,) to free ; to extricate : 
expedit, imp. it is ft ; it is 
expedient. 

Expeditio, onis, f. an expedition. 

Expello, -pellere, -puli, -pulsum, 
a. (ex & pello,) to expel ; to 
banish. 

Expers, tis, adj. (ex & pars,) 
without; devoid; void of ; des- 
titute of. 

Expeto, ere, ivi, itum, a. (ex & 
peto,) to ask; to demand; to 
strive after ; to seek earnestly. 



182 



EXPIO FABRICIUS. 



*^xpio, are, avi, atum, a. (ex & 

pio,) to expiate ; to appease, 
Expleo, ere, evi, etum, a. (ex & 

pleo,) to JUL 
Explico, are, avi & ui, atum & 

ltum, a. (ex & plico,) to un- 
fold ; to spread ; to explain. 
Explorator, oris, m. (exploro,) a 

spy ; a scout. 
Expolio, Ire, ivi, ltum, a. (ex & 

polio,) to polish; to adorn; 

to improve ; to finish. 
Expono, -ponere, -posui, -posi- 

tum, a. to explain; to set 
forth ; to expose. 
Exprobro, are, avi, atum, a. (ex 

& probrum,) to upbraid; to 

blame; to reproach; to cast 

in one's teeth. 
Expugno, are, avi, atum, a. (ex 

& pugno,) to take by assault ; 

to conquer; to vanquish; to 

subdue ; to take by storm. 
Expulsus, a, um, part, (expello.) 
Exsequias, arum, f. pi. (exse- 

quor,) funeral lites. 
Exsilio, or Exilio, ire, ii & ui n 

(ex & salio,) to spring up or 

out; to leap forth. 
Exspiro or -piro, are, avi, atum, 

a. (ex & spiro,) to breathe 
forth ; to expire ; to die. 
Exstinctus, or Extinctus, a, um, 

part, dead ; from 
Exstinguo, -stinguere, -stinxi, 

-stinctum, a. (ex & stinguo,) 

to extinguish ; to kill ; to put 

to death ; to destroy. 



Exstructus, or Extructus, a, um 
part, from 

Exstruo, or Extruo, -struere 
-struxi, -structum, a. (ex & 
struo,) to build; to pile up 
to construct. 

Exsurgo, -surgere, -surrexi, -sur- 
rectum, n. (ex & surgo,) to 
rise up ; to arise ; to swell ; 
to surge. 

Exter, or Exterus, a, um, adj. 
§ 125, 4, (exterior, extimus or 
extremus,) foreign ; strange ; 
outward. 

Exto, extare, extiti, u. (ex & sto,) 
to be ; to remain ; to be extant. 

Extorqueo, -torquere, -torsi, -tor- 
turn, a. (ex & torqueo,) to ex- 
tort; to wrest from: to obtain 
by force. 

Extra, prep, teyond ; without; 
except 

Extractus &, um, part, from 

ExtrSho -trahere, -traxi, -trac- 
xum, a. (ex & traho,) to draw 
out ; to extract ; to extricate ; 
to free ; to rescue ; to liberate. 

Extremus, a, um, adj. (sup. of 
exterus,) extreme; the last; 
the farthest. 

F. 

Fab a, se, f. a bean. 

Fabius, i, m. the name of an il- 
lustrious Roman family. 

Fabricius, i, m. a Roman, dis- 
tinguished for his integrity. 



FABR1C0 FAUSTULUS. 



183 



Fabrico, are, avi, atum, a. (faber,) 
to make ; to forge ; to manu- 
facture, 

Fabula, se, f. (fari,) a story; a 
fable ; a tradition ; a play. 

Fabulosus, a, urn, adj. fabulous. 

Faciendus, a, um, part, (facio.) 

Faciens, tis, part (facio.) 

Facies, iei, f. a face ; appear- 
ance. 

Facile, adv. (ius, lime,) easily; 
willingly; clearly; undoubt- 
edly; from 

Facllis, e. adj. (facio,) easy. 

Facinus, oris, n. a deed ; a crime ; 
an exploit ; from 

Facio, facere, feci, factum, a. to 
do ; to make ; to value : fa- 
cere iter, to perform a jour- 
ney ; to travel: male facere, 
to injure ; to hurt : sacra fa- 
cere, to offer sacrifice : facere 
pluris, to value higher: fac, 
take care ; cause. 

Factum, i, n. an action ; a 
deed. 

Facturus, a, um, part, (facio.) 

Factus, a, um, part made ; done : 
facta obviam, meeting : praeda 
facta, having been taken. 

Facundus, a, um, adj. eloquent. 

Falerii, orum, m. pi. a town of 
Etruria. 

Falernus, i, m. a mountain of 
Campania, famous for its 
urine. 

Falernus, a, um, adj. belonging 
to Falernus ; Falernian. 
16 



Falisci, orum, m. pi. the inhab» 
Hants of Falerii. 

Fama, as, f. fame; reputation; 
report. 

Famelicus, a, um, adj. hungry ; 
from 

Fames, is, f. hunger ; famine. 

Familia, se, f. a family ; servants. 

Familiaris, e, adj. of the same 
family ; familiar. 

Familiaritas, atis, f. friendship; 
intimacy; confidence. 

Familiariter, adv. familiarly ; on 
terms of intimacy. 

Famula, ee, f. a maid; a female 
servant or slave. 

Fas, n. ind. right ; a lawful thing. 

Fascis, is, m. a bundle ; a fag- 
ot : fasces, pi. bundles of 
birchen rods, carried before 
the Roman magistrates, with 
an axe bound up in the mid- 
dle of them. 

Fatalis, e, adj. fatal ; ordained 
by fate. 

Fateor, fateri, fassus sum, dep. 
to confess. 

Fatidicus, a, um, adj. (fatum & 
dico,) prophetic. 

Fatigatus, a, um, part from 

Fatigo, are, avi, atum, a. to 
weary. 

Fatum, i, n. fate ; destiny : fata, 
pi. the fates. 

Fauce, abl. f. the throat : pi. fau- 
ces, the throat ; the jaws ; the 
straits. (§ 94.) 

Faustulus, i, m. the shepherd by 



184 



FAVEO FINDO. 



whom Romulus and Remus 
were brought up. 

Faveo, favere, favi, fautum, n. 
to favor. 

Favor, oris, m. favor ; good will ; 
partiality; applause. 

Febris, is, f. a fever. 

Feci. See Facio. 

Felicitas, atis, f. (felix, § 101, 1,) 
felicity ; good fortune ; happi- 
ness. 

Feliclter, adv. (ius, issime,)/or- 
tunately ; happily ; success- 
fully. 

Felis, is, f. a cat. 

Felix, icis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
happy ; fortunate ; fruitful ; 
fertile; opulent; auspicious; 
favorable. 

Femina, se, f. a female ; a woman. 

Femineus, a, urn, adj. female; 
feminine; pertaining to fe- 
males. 

Fera, se, f. a wild beast. 

Ferax, acis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
(fero,) fruitful; productive; 
fertile ; abounding in. 

Fere, adv. almost; nearly ; about: 
fere nullus, scarcely any one. 

Ferens, tis, part, (fero.) 

Ferinus, a, urn, adj. (fera,) of 
wild beasts. 

Fero, ferre, tuli, latum, irr. a. to 
bear ; to carry ; to relate ; to 
bring ; to produce : ferre ma- 
num, to stretch forth ; to ex- 
tend : ferunt, they say. 

Feror, ferri, latus sum, pass, to 



be carried ; to flow ; to move 

rapidly ; to fly : fertur, imp. 
it is said. 

Ferox, ocis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
wild; fierce; savage; fero- 
cious. 

Ferreus, a, um, adj. iron ; ob- 
durate; from 

Ferrum, i, n. iron ; a sword ; a 
knife. 

Fertilis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
(fero,) fert He ; fruitful. 

Fertilitas, atis, f. fertility ; rich- 
ness ; f wilfulness. 

Ferula, se, f. a staff; a reed. 

Ferus, a, um, adj. wild ; rude ; un- 
cultivated; uncivilized; sav- 
age. 

Ferveo, fervere, ferbui, n. to boil; 
to seethe; to foam; to be hot; 
to glow. 

Fessus, a, um, adj. weary ; tired ■ 
fatigued. 

Festum, i, n. a feast; from 

Festus, a, um, adj. festive ; joy- 
ful ; merry. 

Ficus, i & us, f. a fig-tree ; a fig. 

Fidelis, e, adj. faithful ; from 

Fides, ei, f. fidelity ; faith : in fi- 
dem, in confirmation : in fidem 
accipere, to receive under one's 
protection. 

Figo, figere, fixi, fixum, a. to 
fix; to fasten. 

Filia, 89, f. § 43, 2 ; a daughter. 

Filius, i, m. § 52 ; a son. 

Findo, findere, fidi, fissum, a. 
to split ; to cleave. 



FINGENS FOREM. 



185 



Fingens, tis, part, feigning; 
pretending; from 

Fingo, fingere, finxi, fictum, a. 
to pretend ; to devise ; to 
feign; to form; to make. 

Finio, Ire, Ivi, Itum, a. to end; 
to finish; to terminate; from 

Finis, is, d. the end; a boun- 
dary; a limit: fines, m. pi. 
§ 63, 1 ; the limits of a coun- 
try, &c. 

Finitus, a, um, part (finio.) 

Finitlmus, a, um, adj. (finis,) 
neighboring. 

Fio, fieri, factus sum, irr. pass. 
§ 180, (facio,) to be made; to 
become ; to happen : fit, it 
happens : factum est, it hap- 
pened ; it came to pass. 

Firmatus, a, um, part (firmo.) 

Firmiter, adv. (ius, issime,) (fir- 
mus, ) firmly ; securely. 

Firmo, are, avi, atum, a. to con- 
firm ; to establish ; from 

Firmus, a, um, adj. firm ; strong ; 
secure. 

Fissus, a, um, part, (findo.) 

Fixus, a, um, part, (figo,) fixed ; 
permanent. 

Flagello, are, avi, atum, a. to 
whip ; to scourge ; to lash. 

Flagitiosus, a, um, adj. (ior, issl- 
mus,) shameful ; infamous ; 
outrageous ; from 

Flagitium, i, n. a shameful ac- 
tion ; an outrage ; a crime ; 
a dishonor; villany. 



Flagro. 



, are, avi, atum, n. to 



burn ; to be on fire ; to suffer ; 

to be oppressed; to be violent. 
Flaminius, i, m. a Roman. 
Flavus, a, um, adj. yellow. 
Flamma, se, f. aflame. 
Flecto, flectere, flexi, flexum, a, 

to bend ; to bow ; to turn ; to 

move ; to prevail upon. 
Fleo, ere, evi, etum, a. to weep ; 

to lament. 
Fletus, us, m. weeping; tears. 
Flevo, onis, m. a lake near tht 

mouth of the Rhine, now th» 

Zuyder-zee. 
Flexus, a, um, part (flecto,) bent ; 

changed; turned. 
Flore o, ere, ui, n. (flos, § 187, 1. 

1,) to bloom; to blossom; to 
flourish ; to be distinguished. 
Flos, floris, m. a flower ; a blos- 
som. 
Fluctus, us, m. (fluo,) a wave. 
Fluo, fluere, fluxi, fluxum, n. to 

flow. 
Fluvius, i, m. a river. 
Flumen, Inis, n. (fluo,) a river 
Fodio, fodere, fodi, fossum, a. 

to dig ; to pierce ; to bore. 
Fcecunditas, atis, f. fruitfulness ; 

from 
Fcecundus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi* 

mus,) fruitful ; fertile. 
Fcedus, eris, n. a league ; a treaty 
Folium, i, n. a leaf. 
Fons, tis, m. a fountain; a 

source ; a spring. 
Forem, def. verb, § 154, 3 ; I 

would or should be : fore, to 



186 



FORIS FUG A. 



be about to be ; it would or 
will come to pass* 

Forls, adv. abroad. 

Forma, se, f. a form ; shape ; 
figure; beauty, 

Formica, ge, f. an ant, 

Formldo, mis, f. fear; dread; 
terror, 

Formidolosus, a, um, adj. fear- 
ful ; timorous, 

Formositas, atis, f. beauty ; ele- 
gance; from 

Formosus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) (forma,) beautiful ; hand- 
some, 

Fortasse, adv. (fors,) perhaps. 

Forte, adv. (fors,) accidentally; 
by chance, 

Fortis, e, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
bold; brave; courageous, 

Fortlter, adv. (ius, issim&,) (for- 
tis,) bravely, 

Fortitudo, inis, f. (fortis,) bold- 
ness ; bravery, 

Fortuna, se, f. (fors,) fortune ; 
chance. 

Forum, i, n. the market-place ; the 
forum ; the court of justice. 

Fossa, se, f. (fodio,) a ditch; a 
trench ; a moat. 

Fovea, se, f. a pit. 

Foveo, fovere, fovi, fotum, a. to 
keep warm ; to cherish. 

Fractus, a, um, part, (frango.) 

Fragilis, e, adj. (frango,) frail; 
perishable. 

Fragilitas, atis, f. (fragilis,)/rm7- 
ty ; weakness. 



Fragmentum, i, n. (frango,) a 
fragment; apiece. 

Frango, frangere, fregi, frac- 
tum, a. to break ; to break in 
pieces; to weaken; to de- 
stroy. 

Frater, tris, m. a brother. 

Fraudulentus, a, um, adj. (fraus, 
§ 128, 4,) fraudulent ; deceit- 
ful; treacherous. 

Frequens, tis, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
frequent; numerous. 

Fretum, i, n. a strait ; a sea. 

Frico, fricare, fricui, frictum & 
fricatum, a. to rub. 

Frigidus, a, um, adj. (ior, issl- 
mus,) cold ; from 

Frigus, oris, n. cold. 

Frons, frondis, f. a leaf of a tree ; 
a branch with leaves. 

Fructus, us, m. (fruor,) fruit; 
produce, 

Frugis, gen. f. (frux, nom. scarce- 
ly used, § 94,) corn : fruges, 
um, pi. fruits; the various 
kinds of corn, 

Frumentum, i, n. (fruor,) corn , 
wheat, 

Fruor, frui, fruitus & fructus,dep, 
to enjoy. 

Frustra, adv. in vain ; to no pur- 



Frustratus, a, um, part, from 

Frustror, ari, atus sum, dep. 
(frustra,) to frustrate ; to de- 
ceive. 

Frutex, icis, m. a shrub ; a bush 

Fuga, 83, f. a fight. 



FUGAX GALLUS. 



187 



Fugax, acis, adj. swift ; fleeting. 

Fugiens, tis, part from 

Fugio, fugere, fugi, fugttum, n. 
& a. to fly; to escape; to 
avoid; to flee; to flee. from. 

Fugo, are, avi, atum, a. to put to 
flight ; to drive off; to chase. 

Fui, Fueram, &c. See Sum. 

Fulgeo, fulgere, fulsi, n. to shine. 

Fuligo, Inis, f. soot. 

Fullo, onis, m. a fuller. 

Fulmen, inis, n. (fulgeo,) thun- 
der ; a thunderbolt ; light- 
ning. 

Funale, is, n. (funis,) a torch. 

Fundltus, adv. (fundus,)/rom the 
foundation ; utterly. 

Fundo, fundere, fudi, fusum, a. 
to pour out : lacrymas, to shed 
tears: hostes, to scatter; to 
rout ; to discomfit. 

Fundus, i, m. the bottom of any 
thing ; also, a farm ; afield. 

Funestus, a^ um, adj. (ior, issl- 
mus,) (funus,) fatal ; destruc- 
tive. 

Fungor, fungi, functus sum, dep. 
to perform or discharge an of- 
fice ; to do ; to execute : fato, 
to die. 

Funis, is, d. a rope ; a cable. 

Funus, eris, n. a funeral ; fune- 
ral obsequies. 

Fur, furis, c. a thief. 

Furcula, se, f. dim. (furca,) a 

little fork : Furcule Caudi- 

nse, the Caudine Forks, a 

narrow defile in the country 

16* 



of the Hirpini, in Italy, where 
the Romans were defeated by 
the Samnites. 

Furiosus, a, um, adj. (furo,) fu- 
rious ; mad. 

Furius, i, m. the name of several 
Romans, as of M. Furius Co- 
millus, a distinguished gen- 
eral. 

Fusus, a, um, part, (fundo.) 

Futurus, a, um, part (sum,) 
about to be ; future. 

G. 

Gades, ium, f. pi. the name of an 
island and town in Spain, 
near the straits of Gibraltar, 
now Cadiz. 

Gaditanus, a, um, adj. of Gades 
or Cadiz : fretum Gaditanum, 
the straits of Gibraltar. 

Galatia, se, f. a country in the in- 
terior of Asia Minor. 

Gallia, se, f. Gaul, a country 
formerly extending from the 
Pyrenees to the Rhine, and 
along the northern part of 
Italy to the Adriatic. 

Gallise, pi. the divisions of Gaul. 

Gallicus, a, um, adj. belonging 
to Gaul; Gallic. 

Gallina, se, f. a hen. 

Gallinaceus, i, m. a cock. 

Gallus, i, m. a cock. 

Gallus, i, m. an inhabitant of 
Gallia ; a Gaul ; also, a cog- 
nomen of several Romans 



188 



GANGES— -GLALIUS. 



Ganges, is, m. the name of a 
large river in India, 

Garumna, se, f. the Garonne, a 
river of Aquitania. 

Gaudeo, gaudere, gavlsus sum, 
n. pass. § 142, 2 ; to rejoice ; 
to delight ; to he pleased with, 

Gaudium, i, n.joy ; gladness. 

Gavisus, a, urn, part, (gaudeo,) 
rejoicing ; having rejoiced. 

Geminus, a, um, adj. double : 
gemini filii, twin sons. 

Gemmatus, a, um, part, adorned 
ivithgems; gemmed; glitter- 
ing. 

Gemmo, are, avi, atum, a. (gem- 
ma,) to adorn with gems. 

Gener, eri, m. § 46; a son-in- 
law. 

Genero, are, avi, atum, a. (ge- 
nus,) to beget ; to produce. 

Generositas, atis, f. nobleness of 
mind ; magnanimity ; from 

Generosus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) noble; spirited; brave; 
generous ; fruitful ; fertile. 

Genitus, a, um, part (gigno,) 
born; produced. 

Gens, tis, f. a nation; a tribe; 
a family ; a clan. 

Genui. See Gigno. 

Genus, eris, n. a race ; a family ; 
a sort or kind. 

Geometria, se, f. geometry. 

Gerens, tis, part, (gero,) bearing ; 
conducting. 

Germanus, i, m. a German ; an 
inhabitant of Germany. 



Germania, se, f. Germany. 

Germanicus, a, um, adj. Ger- 
man ; of Germany. 

Gero, gerere, gessi, gestum, a. 
to bear ; to carry ; to do : res 
eas gessit, performed such 
exploits : odium, to hate : onus, 
to bear a burden : bellum, to 
wage or carry on war: res 
prospere gesta est, affairs 
were managed successfully, 
or a successful battle was 
fought. 

Gerjon, m. a giant who was 
slain by Hercules, and whose 
oxen were driven into Greece. 

Gestans, tis, part, from 

Gesto, are, avi, atum, freq. (ge- 
ro,) to bear ; to can^y about. 

Gestus, a, um, part, borne ; per- 
formed: res gestae, see Res. 

Getae, arum, m. pi. a savage 
people of Dacia, noiih of the 
Danube. 

Gigas, antis, m. a giant 

Gigno, gignere, genui, genitum, 
a. to bring forth ; to bear ; to 
beget; to produce. 

Glaber, bra, brum, adj. bald; 
bare ; smooth. 

Glacialis, e, adj. icy; freezing. 

Glacies, ei, f. ice. 

Gladiator, oris, m. (gladius,) a 
gladiator. 

Gladiatorius, a, um, adj. belong 
ing to a gladiator; gladia 
torial; from 

Gladius, i, m. a stuord 



GLANS HABEO. 



189 



Glans, dis, f. mast ; an acorn. 

Glisco, ere, n. to increase. 

Gloria, se, f. glory ; fame. 

Glorior, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
hoast. 

Gorgias, ee, m. a celebrated soph- 
ist and orator. He was born 
at Leontini, in Sicily, and was 
hence sumamed Leontinus. 

Gracilis, e, adj. (ior, llmus, § 125, 
2,) slender ; lean ; delicate. 

Gracchus, i, m. the name of an 
illustrious Roman family. 

Gradior, gradi, gressus sum, dep. 
to go ; to walk. 

Gradus, us, m. a step ; a stair. 

Graecia, Ee, f. Greece. 

Greecus, a, um, adj. Grecian; 
Greek: — subs, a Greek. 

Grandis, e, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
large ; great. 

Granicus, i, m. a river of Mysia, 
emptying into the Propontis. 

Grassor, ari, atus sum, dep. 
freq. (gradior,) to advance ; to 
march; to proceed; to make 
an attack. 

Grates, f. pi. (gratus,) § 194 ; 
thanks : agere grates, to 
thank. 

Gratia, Ee, f. (gratus,) grace; 
favor ; thanks ; return ; re- 
quital ; gratitude : habere, to 
feel indebted or obliged ; to be 
grateful: in gratiam, in fa- 
vor of : gratia, for the sake. 

Gratulatus, a, um, part, having 
congratulated; from 



Gratulor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
congratulate; from 

Gratus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
acceptable; pleasing; grate 
ful. 

Gravis, e, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
heavy; severe; great; grave; 
important; violent; unwhole- 
some ; noxious : gravis son> 
nus, sound sleep. 

Gra vitas, atis, f. heaviness ; grav- 
ity ; weight. 

Graviter, adv. (ius, isslme,) hard- 
ly ; heavily; g?-ievously ; se- 
verely. 

Gravo, are, avi, atum, a. to load ; 
to oppress ; to burden. 

Gregatim, adv. (grex,) in herds. 

Gressus, us, m. (gradior,) a 
step ; a pace ; a gait. 

Grex, gis, c. a flock ; a herd ; a 
company. 

Grus, gruis, c. a crane. 

Gubernator, oris, m. (guberno,) 
a pilot ; a ruler. 

Gyarus, i, f. one of the Cycla- 
des. 

Gyges, is, m. a rich king of 
Lydia. 

Gymnosophistee, arum, m. Gym^ 
nosophists ; a sect of Indian 
philosophers. 

H. 

Habens, tis, part, from 
Habeo, ere, ui, Itum, a. to have ; to 
possess; to hold; to esteem 



190 



HABITO HELLESPONTUS. 



to suppose; to take: habere 
consilium, to deliberate. 

Habito, are, avi, atum, freq. (ha- 
beo,) to dwell; to inhabit. 

Habiturus, a, um, part, (habeo.) 

Habitus, a, um, part (habeo.) 

Habitus, us, m. habit; form; 
dress; attire; manner. 

Hactenus, adv. (hie & terms,) 
hitherto; thus far. 

Hadrianus, i, m. Adrian, the fif- 
teenth emperor of Rome. 

Hsemus, i, m. a mountain of 
Thrace, from whose top, both 
the Euxine and Adriatic seas 
can be seen. 

Halcyon, or Alcyon, onis, f. the 
halcyon or kingfisher. — See 
Alcyone. 

Halicarnassus, i, f. a maritime 
city of Caria, the birthplace 
of Herodotus. 

Hamilcar, aris, m. a Carthagin- 
ian general. 

Hannibal, alis, m. a brave Car- 
thaginian general, the son of 
Hamilcar. 

Hanno, onis, m. a Carthaginian 
general. 

Harmonia, 33, f. the wife of Cad- 
mus, and daughter of Mars 
and Venus. 

Harpy iae, arum, f. pi. the Harpies ; 
winged monsters, having the 
faces of women and the bodies 
of vultures. 

Haruspex, Icis, m. a soothsayer ; 
a diviner ; one who pretended 



to a knowledge of future 
events from inspecting the en- 
trails of victims. 

Hasdrubal, alis, m. a Cartha- 
ginian general, the brother of 
Hannibal. 

Hasta, ae, f. a spear ; a lance. 

Haud, adv. not. 

Haurio, haurire, hausi, haustum, 
a. to draw out ; to drink ; to 
swallow. 

Haustus, a, um, part swallowed. 

Haustus, us, m. a draught. 

Hebes,etis, adj. dull; obtuse; dim. 

Hebesco, ere, inc. (hebes,) to be- 
come dull ; to grow dim. 

Hebrus, i, m. a large river of 
Thrace. 

Hecuba, ae, f. the wife of Priam, 
king of Troy. 

Hedera, 33, f. ivy. 

Hegesias, 33, m. an eloquent phi- 
losopher of Cyre'ne. 

Helena, 33, f. Helen, the daughter 
of Jupiter and Leda, and wife 
of Meneldus. 

Helicon, onis, m. a mountain of 
Bceotia, near to Parnassus t 
and sacred to Apollo and the 
Muses. 

Helvetia, 83, f. a country in the 
eastern part of Gaul, now 
Switzerland. 

Helvetii, orum, m. pi. Helvetians ; 
the inhabitants of Helvetia. 

Helleborum, i, n. or Helleborus, 
i, m. the herb hellebore. 

Hellespontus, i, m. a strait be- 



HERACLEA HOMERUS. 



191 



tween Thrace and Asia Minor, 
now called the Dardanelles. 

Heraclea, 39, f. the name of sev- 
eral cities in Magna Gratia, 
in Pontus, in Syjia, &c. 

Herb a, 89, f. an herb ; grass. 

Herbidus, a, um, adj. grassy; 
full of herbs or grass. 

Hercules, is, m. a celebrated hero, 
the son of Jupiter and Alcme- 
na. 

Hercynius, a, um, adj. Hercyni- 
an : Hercynia silva, a large 
forest in Germany, now the 
Black Forest. 

Heres, or Hseres, edis, c. an heir. 

Herennius, i, m. a general of the 
Samnites, and the father of 
Pontius Theleslnus. 

Hero, us, (§ 69, E. 4,) f. a priest- 
ess of Venus, who resided at 
Sestos, and who was beloved by 
Leander, a youth of Abydos. 

Hesperus, i, m. a son of lapetus, 
who settled in Italy, and from 
whom that country was called 
Hesperia; also the evening 
star. 

Heu ! int. alas ! ah ! 

Hians, tis, part, (hio.) 

Hiatus, us, m. an opening; a 
chasm ; an aperture. 

Hibernlcus, a, um, adj. Irish: 
mare Hibernlcum, the Irish 
sea. 

Hibernus, a, um, adj. of winter ; 
wintry. 

Hie, adv. here ; in this place 



Hie, Heec, Hoc, pro. § 134; 
this ; he; she, &c. 

Hiempsal, alis, m. a king ofJYu- 
midia. 

Hiems, emis, f. winter. 

Hiero, onis, m. a tyrant of Syra- 
cuse. 

Hierosolyma, 89, f. & Hierosol- 
yma, orum, n. pi. Jerusalem, 
the capital of Judea. 

Hinc, adv. hence; from hence; 
from this; from this time: 
hinc — hinc, on this side, and 
on that. 

Hinnio, ire, ivi, itum, n. to neigh. 

Hinnitus, us, m. a neighing. 

Hinnuleas, i, m. a fawn. 

Hio, are, avi, atum, n. to gape ; 
to yawn ; to open the mouth. 

Hipparchus, i, m. the son of Pi- 
sistrdtus, tyrant of Athens. 

Hippoly tus, i, m. the son of The- 
seus. 

Hippomenes, is, m. the son of 
Megareus, and husband of 
Atalanta. 

Hippopotamus, i, m. the hippo- 
potamus or river-horse. 

Hispania, 89, f. Spain. 

Hispanus, a, um, adj. Spanish : 
subs. m. a Spaniard. 

Hodie, adv. (hie & dies,) to-day ; 
at this time ; now-a-days. 

Hodieque, to this day; to this 
time. 

Hredus, i, m. a kid; a young 
goat. 

Homerue : m. Homer, the most 



192 



HOMO IBERUS. 



ancient and illustrious of the 
Greek poets. 

Homo, Inis, c. a man ; a person ; 
one, 

Honestas, atis, f. virtue ; digni- 
ty ; honor; from 

Honestus, a, urn, adj. honorable ; 
noble; from 

Honor & -os, oris, m. honor ; re- 
spect ; an honor; a dignity; 
an office. 

Honorific^, adv» (honorificus, 
§ 125, 3,) honorably : parum 
honorifice, slightingly; with 
little respect 

Hora, ae, f. an hour. 

Horatius, i, m. Horace ; the name 
of several Romans : Horatii, 
pi. three Roman brothers, who 
fought with the three Curiatii. 

Hortensius, i, m. the name of 
several Romans. 

Horridus, a, um, adj. rough; 
rugged; rude; unpolished; 
barbarous. 

Hortatus, us, m. an exhortation ; 
instigation; advice; from 

Hortor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
exhort. 

Hortus, i, m. a garden. 

Hospes,itis,c. a stranger; a guest 

Hospitium, i, n. hospitality : hos- 
pitio accipere, to entertain. 

Hostia, ae, f. a victim. 

Hostilius, i, m. (Tullus,) the third 
king of Rome : a cognomen 
among the Romans. 

Hostis, is, c. an enemy. 



Hue, adv. hither : hue — illuc, 
hither — thither ; now here — 
now there. 

Hujusmodi, adj. ind. (hie & mo- 
dus, § 134, 5,) of this sort or 
kind. 

Humanitas, atis, f. humanity; 
kindness; gentleness; from 

Humanus, a, um, adj. (homo,) 
human. 

Humerus, i, m. the shoulder. 

Humilis, e, adj. (ior, limus, § 125, 
2,) humble : humili loco natum 
esse, to be born in a humble 
station or of obscure parents. 

Humor, oris, m. moisture; pi. 
liquids; humors. 

Humus, i, f. the ground : humi, 
on the ground. § 221, 1., R. 3. 

Hyaena, ee, f. the hyena. 

Hydrus, i, m. a water-snake. 

Hymnus, i, m. a hymn; a song 
of praise. 

Hyperboreus, a, um, adj. {vnho 
fiooiixg,) properly, living be- 
yond the source of the north 
wind ; northern : Hyperborei, 
orum, m. ]A. people inhabiting 
the northern regions; beyond 
Scythia. 

Hystrix, icis, f. a porcupine. 

I. 

Iapetus, the son of Cozlus and 

Terra. 
Iberus, i, m. a river of Spain* 

now the Ebro. 



IBI IMMANIS. 



193 



Ibi, adv. there ; here ; then. 

Ibidem, adv. in the same place. 

Ibis, Tdis, f. the this, the Egyp- 
tian stork. 

Icarus, i, m. the son of Dceddlus. 

Icarius, a, um, adj. of Icarus; 
Icarian. 

Ichneumon, onis, m. the ichneu- 
mon or Egyptian rat. 

Ichnusa, ae, f. an ancient Greek 
name of Sardinia, derived from 
the Greek i'/vog, a footstep ; a 
track. 

Ico, icere, ici, ictum, a. to strike : 
foedus, to make, ratify, or con- 
clude a league or treaty. 

Ictus, a, um, part. 

Ictus, us, m. a blow ; a stroke. 

Ida, se, f. a mountain of Troas, 
near Troy. 

Idaeus, a, um, adj. belonging to 
Ida : mons Idaeus, mount Ida. 

Idem, eadem, idem, pro. § 134, 6 ; 
the same. 

Idoneus, a, um, adj.^J; suitable. 

Igitur, conj. therefore. 

Ignarus, a, um, adj. (in & gna- 
rus,) ignorant. 

Ignavus, a, um, adj. (in & gna- 
vus,) idle ; inactive ; cowardly. 

Ignis, is, m.fire ; flame. 

Ignobilis, e, adj. (in & nobilis,) 
ignoble; mean; unknown. 

Ignoro, are, avi, atum, a. (igno- 
tus,) to be ignorant ; not to 
know. 

Ignotus, a, um, part & adj. (in & 
notus,) unknown. 



Ilium, i, n. Eium or Troy, the 
principal city of Troas. 

Hiatus, a, um, part, (from infero,) 
brought in; inflected upon; 
inferred. 

Ille, a, ud, pro. § 134 ; that ; he ; 
she; it; the former: ipl.they; 
those. 

Illecebra, se, f. an allurement ; 
an enticement. 

Illlco, adv. (in & loco,) in that 
place ; immediately ; instant- 
ly. 

Illuc, adv. thither : hue — illuc, 
now here — now there. 

Illustris, e, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
illustrious ; famous ; cele- 
brated. 

Illustro, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
lustro,) to enlighten; to illus- 
trate ; to render famous ; to 
celebrate ; to make renowned. 

Illyria, ae, f. a country opposite 
to Italy, and bordering on the 
Adriatic. 

Imago, inis, f. an image ; a pic- 
ture ; a figure ; a resemblance. 

Imbecillis, e, adj. (ior, limus, 
§ 125, 2,) weak ; feeble. 

Imber, bris, m. a shower ; a rain. 

Imitatio, onis, f. imitation : ad 
imitationem, in imitation : 
from 

Imltor, ari, atus sum, dep. to im- 
itate ; to copy. 

Immanis, e, adj. monstrous ; cru- 
el ; huge ; enormous ; dread- 
ful 



194 



IMMENSUS IMPLEO 



Immensus, a, um, adj. (in & men- 
sus,) immeasurable ; bound- 
less ; immoderate. 

tmmeritus, a, um, part, (in & 
meritus,) not deserving; un- 
deserved. 

Immlnens, tis, part, hanging 
over; threatening; from 

Immineo, ere, ui, n. to hang 
over; to impend; to threaten; 
to be near. 

[mmissus, a, um, part, admitted; 
sent in ; darted in ; from 

Immitto, -mittere, -misi, -mis- 
sum, a. (in & mitto,) to let in; 
to send to, into, against, or 
upon ; to throw at. 

Immobilis, e, adj. (in & mobilis,) 
immovable ; steadfast. 

Immolo, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
mola,) to sacrifice ; to immo- 
late. 

Immortalis, e, adj. (in & morta- 
lis,) immortal. 

Immotus, a, um, part, (in & 
motus,) unmoved; still; mo- 
tionless. 

Immutatus, a, um, part, altered; 
changed; from 

Immuto, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
muto,) to change. 

Impatiens, tis, adj. (in & pati- 
ens,) impatient; not able to 
endure. 

Impeditus, a, um, part, impeded; 
hindered ; encumbered ; en- 
tangled ; from 

Impedio, ire, ivi, itum, a. (in & 



pes,) to impede ; to disturb , 
to obstruct ; to check ; to de- 
lay ; to prevent. 

Impendeo, -pendere, -pendi, 
-pensum, n. (in & pendeo,) 
to hang over; to impend; to 
threaten. 

Impenetrabilis, e, adj. (in & 
penetrabilis,) impenetrable. 

Impense, adv. exceedingly ; great- 
ly. 

Imperator, oris, m. (impero,) a 
commander ; a general. 

Imperfto, are, avi, atum, freq. 
(impero,) to command ; to 
rule ; to govern. 

Imperltus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) (in & peritus,) inexpe- 
rienced ; unacquainted with. 

Imperium, i, n. a command; 
government; reign; authori- 
ty; power; from 

Impero, are, avi, atum, a. to 
command; to order; to di- 
rect ; to govern ; to rule over. 

Impertiens, tis, part, from 

Impertio, Ire, ivi, itum, a. (in & 
partio,) to impart ; to share ; 
to give. 

Impetro, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
patro,) to obtain; to finish. 

Impetus, us, m. (in & peto,) 
force ; violence ; impetuosity ; 
an attack. 

Impius, a, um, adj. (in & pius,j 
impious ; undutiful. 

Impleo, ere, evi, etum, a. to fill 
to accomplish ; to perform. 



IMPLICITUS INCLUDO. 



195 



Implicitus, a, um, part, entan- 
gled; attacked. 

Implico, are, avi or ui, atum or 
ltum, a. (in & plico,) to entan- 
gle ; to implicate. 

Implicor, ari, atus or Itus sum, 
pass, to be entangled : morbo, 
to be attacked with ; to be sick. 

Imploro, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
ploro,) to implore ; to beseech ; 
to beg. 

Impono, -ponere, -posui, -posl- 
tum, a. (in & pono,) to lay or 
place upon ; to impose ; to 
put. 

Importunus, a, um, adj. danger- 
ous; perilous; troublesome; 
cruel ; outrageous ; craving ; 
ungovernable. 

Imposltus, a, um, part, (impono.) 

Improbatus, a, um, part, disal- 
lowed; disapproved; rejected. 

Improbo, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
probo,) to disapprove; to re- 
ject. 

Improbus, a, um, adj. wicked; bad. 

Imprudens, tis, adj. (in & pru- 
dens,) imprudent; inconsid- 
erate. 

Impugnaturus, a, um, part, from 

Impugno, are, avi, atum, a. to 
attack. 

Impune, adv. (in & poena,) with 
impunity ; without hurt ; with- 
out punishment. 

Imus, a, um, adj. (sup. of in- 
feros, § 125, 4,) the lowest ; 
the deepest. 

17 



In, prep, with the accusative, sig- 
nifies into; towards; upon; 
until; for; against: with the 
ablative, in ; upon ; among ; 
at;§ 235, (2 :) in dies, from 
day to day : in eo esse, to be 
on the point of: in sublime, 
aloft. 

Inanis, e, adj. vain; empty; in- 
effectual ; foolish. 

Inaresco, -arescere, -arui, inc. 
§ 173 ; to gi % ow dry. 

Incedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum, 
n. (in & cedo,) to go ; to 
walk; to come. 

Incendo, d6re, di, sum, a. (in & 
candeo,) to light; to kindle; 
to set fire to ; to inflame. 

Incensus, a, um, part, lighted; 
kindled; burning; inflamed. 

Incertus, a, um, adj. (ior, isst- 
mus,) (in & certus,) uncertain. 

Inchoo, are, avi, atum, a. to be- 
gin. 

Incidens, tis, part, from 

Incldo, -cidere, -cidi, n. (in & 
cado,) to fall into or upon ; 
to chance to meet with. 

Incipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptum, 
a. (in & capio,) to commence ; 
to begin. 

Inclto, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
cito,) to instigate; to encour- 
age ; to animate. 

Includo, dere, si, sum, a. (in & 
claudo,) to shut in; to in- 
clude ; to inclose ; to encircle 
to encompass. 



196 



INCLUSUS INERTIA. 



Inclusus, a, urn, part, (includo.) 

Inclytus, a, urn, adj. (comp. not 
used ; sup. issimus,) famous ; 
celebrated ; renowned. 

Incola, 33, c. an inhabitant, 

Incolo, colere, colui, cultum, a. 
(in & colo,) to inhabit; to 
dwell. 

Incolumis, e, adj. unhurt; un- 
punished; safe. 

Incompertus, a, um, adj. un- 
known ; uncertain. 

Inconsiderate, adv. inconsider- 
ately ; rashly. 

Incredibllis, e, adj. (in & credib- 
ilis,) in credible; wonderful. 

Incredibillter, adv. incredibly. 

Incrementum, i, n. (incresco,) an 
increase. 

Increpo, are, ui, itum, a. (in & 
crepo,) to reprove; to chide; 
to blame. 

Incruentus, a, um, adj. (in & 
cruor,) bloodless. 

Inculte, adv. (ius, issime,) rude- 
ly ; plainly; from 

Incultus, a, um, part. & adj. (in 
& colo,) uncultivated; unin- 
habited; desert. 

Incumbo, -cumbere, -cubui, -cu- 
bitum, n. (in & cubo,) to lean; 
to lie ; to rest or recline upon ; 
to apply to : gladio, to fall up- 
on one's sword ; to slay one's 
self with a sword. 

Incursio, onis, f. (incurro,) an at- 
tack ; an incursion ; an in- 
road. 



Inde, adv. thence ; from thence. 

Index, icis, d. (indico,) an index , 
a mark ; a sign. 

India, 33, f. a country of Asia, de- 
riving its name from the river 
Indus. 

Indico, cere, xi, ctum, a. (in & 
dico,) to indicate; to an- 
nounce ; to declare ; to pro- 
claim. 

Indictus, a, um, part. 

Indicus, a, um, adj. of India ■ 
Indian. 

Indigena, se, c. (in & geno,) a 
native. 

Indoles, is, f. (in & oleo, to 
grow,) the disposition; na- 
ture ; inherent quality. 

Induco, cere, xi, ctum, a. (in &, 
duco,) to lead in; to induce; 
to persuade. 

Inductus, a, um, part. 

Induo, -duere, -dui, -datum, a. to 
put on ; to dress ; to clothe. 

Indus, i, m. a large river in the 
western part of India. 

Industria, se, f. industry; dili- 
gence. 

Indutus, a, um, part, (induo.) 

Inedia, 83, f. (in & e do,) want of 
food ; fasting ; hunger. 

Ineo, ire, ii, itum, irr. n. & a. (in 
& eo,) to go or enter into ; to 
enter upon ; to make ; to form 

Inermis, e, adj. (in & arma,) de- 
fenceless ; unarmed. 

Inertia, 83, f. (iners,) laziness, 
sloth; idleness. 



INF AMIS INLIICUS . 



197 



Infamis, e, adj. (in & fama,) in- 
famous ; disgraceful. 

Infans, tis, c. an infant ; a child. 

Inferi, orum, m. pi. 

the infernal regions ; Hades ; 
Orcus ; the infernal gods ; 
the shades. 

Inferior, us, adj. comp. See In- 
ferus. 

Infero, inferre, intuli, illatum, 
irr. a. (in & fero,) to bring in 
or against; to bring upon; 
to inflict upon : bellum, to 
make war upon. 

Inferus, a, um, adj. (inferior, in- 
fimus or imus, § 125, 4,) low ; 
humble. 

Infesto, are, avi, atum, a. to in- 
fest; to disturb; to molest; 
to vex; to plague; to trouble; 
to annoy ; from 

Infestus, a, um, adj. hostile; in- 
imical. 

Inf igo, gere, xi, xum, a. (in & 
figo,) to fix; to fasten; to 
drive in. 

Infinitus, a, um, adj. (in & finio,) 
infinite; unbounded; vast; im- 
mense : infinitum argenti, an 
immense quantity of silver : in- 
flnita nobilltas, a vast number. 

Infirmus, a, um, adj. weak ; infirm. 

Infixus, part, (inf Igo.) 

Inflammo, are, avi, atum, a. to 
inflame ; to excite ; to stimu- 
late ; to animate. 

Inflatus, a, um, part blown upon ; 
puffed up. 



Infllgo, gere, xi, ctum, a. (in & 
fligo,) to inflict. 

Infio, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
flo,) to blow upon. 

Infrendens, tis, part, from 

Infrendeo, ere, ui, n. (in & fren- 
deo,) to gnash with the teeth. 

Infringo, -fringere, -fregi, -frac- 
tum, a. (in & frango,) to break 
or rend in pieces ; to disan- 
nul ; to make void. 

Infundo, -fundere, -fudi, -fusum, 
a. (in & fundo,) to pour in : 
infundltur, it empties. 

Ingenium, i, n. the disposition; 
genius ; talents ; character. 

Ingens, tis, adj. great ; very 
great. 

Ingenuus, a, um, adj. free-born ; 
free; noble; ingenuous. 

Ingredior, -gredi, -gressus sum, 
dep. (in & gradior,) to go in ; 
to enter ; to come in ; to walk ; 
to walk upon ; to go. 

Ingressus, a, um, part 

Ingruo, -gruSre, -grui, n. to in- 
vade ; to assail ; to pour down ; 
to fall upon suddenly. 

Inhsereo, -hasrere, -haesi, -hae- 
sum, n. (in & hsereo,) to 
cleave or stick to or in : cogi- 
tationlbus, to be fixed or lost 
in thought. 

Inhio, are, avi, atum, a. & n. (in 
& hio,) to gape for ; to desire. 

Inimicus, a, um, adj. (in & ami- 
cus,) inimical ; hostile. 

Inimicus, i, m. an enemy. 



198 



1NIQUE INSOLENS. 



Inique, adv. (iniquus,) unjustly ; 
unequally, 

Initium, i, n. (ineo,) a commence- 
ment ; a beginning, 

Initurus, a, um, part, (ineo,) about 
to enter upon or begin, 

Injicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, a. 
(in & jacio,) to throw in or 
upon. 

Injuria, se, f. (injurius,) an inju- 
ry ; an insult, 

Innato, are, avi, atum, n. (in & 
nato,) to swim ox float upon, 

Innitor, -niti, -nisus or -nixus 
sum, dep. (in & nitor,) to lean 
or depend upon ; to rest upon, 

Innocentia, se, f. (in & nocens,) 
innocence, 

Innotesco, -notescere, -notui, 
inc. (in & notesco,) to be 
known; to become known, 

Innoxius, a, um, adj. (in & nox- 
ius,) harmless, 

Innumerabilis, e, adj. (in & mi- 
ni erabllis,) innumerable, 

InnumSrus, a, um, adj. (in & 
numSrus,) innumerable, 

Inopia, ae, f. (inops,) want, 

Inopus, i, m. a fountain or river 
of Delos, near which Apollo 
and Diana were said to have 
been born. 

In- or im- primis, adv. (in & pri- 
mus,) chiefly ; especially, 

Inquam, or Inquio, def. / say ; 
§ 183, 5. 

Inqutno, are, avi, atum, a. to pol- 
lute ; to stain ; to soil. 



Inquiro, -quirere, -quisivi, -quisl- 
tum, a. (in & quaaro,) to in- 
quire ; to investigate, 

Insania, se, f. (insanus,) madness. 

Insanio, ire, ivi, itum, n. to be 
mad, 

Inscribo, -scribere, -scripsi, 
-scriptum, a. (in & scribo,) 
to inscribe ; to write upon, 

Inscriptus, a, um, part. 

Insectum, i, n. (inseco,) an in- 
sect. 

Insequens, tis, part, succeeding; 
subsequent ; following ; from 

Insequor, -sequi, -secutus sum, 
dep. (in & sequor,) to fol- 
low, 

lnsidens, tis, part, from 

Insideo, -sidere, -sedi, -sessum, 
n. (in & sedeo,) to sit upon* 

Insidise, arum, f, pi. an ambush ; 
ambuscade ; treachery ; de- 
ceit: per insidias, treacher- 
ously, 

Insidians, tis, part, from 

Insidior, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
lie in wait ; to lie in ambush ; 
to deceive, 

Insigne, is, n. a mark ; a token ; 
an ensign ; from 

Insignis, e, adj. (in & signum,) 
distinguished ; eminent, 

Insisto, -sistere, -stlti, -stltum, n. 
(in & sisto,) to stand upon ; 
to insist. 

Insolabillter, adv. inconsolably. 

Insolens, tis, adj. (ior, isslmus^ 
insolent; haughty. 



INSOLENTER INTERIM. 



199 



Insolenter, adv. (ius, isslme,) 
haughtily, insolently. 

Inspectans, tis, part, from 

Inspecto, are, avi, atum, freq. 
to inspect ; to look upon. 

Instaturus, a, um, part, (in- 
sto.) 

Instituo, -stituere, -stitui, -stitu- 
tum, a. (in & statuo,) to ap- 
point ; to institute ; to make ; 
to order. 

Institutum, i, n. an institution ; 
a doctrine ; from 

Institutes, a, urn, part, (instit- 
uo.) 

Insto, -stare, -stiti, n. (in & sto,) 
to be near to ; to urge ; to per- 
sist ; to harass ; to pursue 
closely ; to beg earnestly. 

Instrumentum, i, n. an instru- 
ment ; utensil ; implement ; 
from 

lnstruo, -struere, -struxi, -struc- 
tum, a. (in & struo,) to pre- 
pare ; to teach ; to supply 
with ; to furnish. 

Insubres, um, m. pi. a people 
living north of the Po, in Cis- 
alpine Gaul. 

Insuesco, -suescere, -suevi, -sue- 
tum, inc. (in & suesco,) to 
grow accustomed. 

Insula, 83, f. an island. 

Insuper, adv. (in & super,) more- 
over. 

Integer, gra, grum, adj. (rior, 
errimus,) whole ; entire ; un- 
hurt ; just 

17* 



Intego, -tegere, -texi, -tectum, a. 
(in & tego,) to cover. 

Integrltas, atis, f. (integer,) in- 
tegrity ; probity ; honesty. 

In telle ctus, a, um, part, from 

Intelligo, -ligere, -lexi, tec- 
tum, a. (inter & lego,) 10 un- 
derstand; to perceive ; to dis- 
cern ; to know ; to learn. 

Inter, prep, between ; among : in- 
ter se, mutually : occurrentes 
inter se, meeting each other. 

Intercipio, -cipere, -cepi, -cep- 
tum, a. (inter & capio,) to in- 
tercept ; to usurp ; to take 
away fraudulently. 

Interdico, -dicere, -dixi, -dictum, 
a. (inter & dico,) to forbid ; 
to prohibit. 

Interdictus, a, um, part. 

Inter diu, adv. by day; in the 
day-time. 

Interdum, adv. sometimes. 

Interea, adv. (inter & is,) in the 
mean time. 

Inter emptus, a, um, part, (inter- 
Imo.) 

Intereo, Ire, ii, itum, irr. n. (inter 
& eo, § 182,) to perish. 

Interest, imp. (intersum.) it con- 
cerns : me a, it concerns me. 

Interfector, oris, m. a murderer ; 
a slayer ; a destroyer. 

Interfectus, a, um, part, killed. 

Interficio, -flcere, -feci, -fectum, 
a. (inter & facio,) to kill ; to 
slay. 

Interim, adv. in the mean time. 



200 



INTEKIMO INVEST1GO. 



Inteiimo, -imere, -emi, -emptum, 
a. (inter & erao,) to kill ; to 
put to death ; to slay. 

Interior, us, adj. (sup. intimus, 
§ 126, 1,) inner ; the interior. 

Interius, adv. farther in the inte- 
rior. 

Interjectus, a, um, part, cast be- 
tween: anno interj ec to, a year 
having intervened; a year af- 
ter. 

Interjicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, 
a. (inter & jacio,) to throw be- 
tween. 

Internecio, onis, f. (interneco,) 
ruin; destruction: ad inter- 
necionem, with a general mas- 
sacre. 

Internodium, i, n. (inter & no- 
dus,) the space between two 
knots; a joint. 

Internus, a, um, adj. internal : 
mare internum, the Mediter- 
ranean sea. 

Interpres, etis, c. an interpreter. 

Interregnum, i, n. (inter & reg- 
num,) an interregnum ; a va- 
cancy of the throne. 

Interrogo, are, avi, atum, a. (in- 
ter & rogo,) to ask. 

Intersum, esse, fui, irr. n. (in- 
ter & sum,) to be present 
at. 

Intervallum, i, n. (inter & val- 
lum,) an interval ; a space ; a 
distance. 

Interveniens, tis, part, from 

Intervenio, venire, veni, ventum, 



n. (inter & \ enio,) to come be- 
tween ; to intervene. 

Intexo, ere, ui, turn, a. (in & 
texo,) to interweave. 

Intimus, a, um, adj. sup. (comp. 
interior, § 126, 1,) innermost ; 
inmost ; intimate ; familiar ; 
much beloved. 

Intra, prep, within : — adv. inward. 

Intrepidus, a, um, adj. (in & 
trepidus,) fearless ; intrepid. 

Intro, are, avi, atum, a. to enter. 

Introduco, -ducere, -duxi, -duo 
turn, a. (intro & duco,) to 
lead in ; to introduce. 

Introitus, us, m. (introeo,) an en- 
trance. 

Intuens, tis, part, from 

Intueor, eri, ftus sum, dep. (in & 
tueor,) to look upon ; to con- 
sider ; to behold ; to gaze at. 

Intus, adv. within. 

Inusitatus, a, um, adj. unaccus- 
tomed ; unusual ; extraordi- 
nary. 

Inutilis, e, adj. useless. 

Invado, -vadere, -vasi, -vasum, 
a. (in & vado,) to invade ; to 
attack ; to assail ; to fall up- 
on. 

Invenio, -venire, -veni, -ventum, 
a. (in & venio,) to find; to 
get ; to procure ; to obtain ; 
to invent ; to discover. 

Inventus, a, um, part. 

lnvestigo, are, avi, atum, a. (in 
& vestigo,) to investigate ; to 
trace or find out ; to discover 



INVICEM ISTE. 



201 



Invicem, adv. (in & vicis,) mutu- 
ally ; in turn : se invicem oc- 
ciderunt, slew one another. 

Invictus, a, um, part (in & vic- 
tus,) unconquered ; impene- 
trable; invulnerable. 

Invidia, ae, f. (invidus,) envy ; ha- 
tred. 

Invisus, a, um, adj. (in & visus,) 
hated ; hateful ; obnoxious : 
plebi, unpopular. 

Invitatus, a, um, part, invited; 
entertained : — subs, a guest. 

Invito, are, avi, atum, a. to in- 
vite. 

Invius, a, um, adj. (in & via,) in- 
accessible ; impassable ; im- 
penetrable. 

Invoco, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
voco,) to call upon ; to invoke. 

Iones, um, m. pi. Ionians ; the 
inhabitants of Ionia. 

Ionia, ae, f. Ionia ; a country on 
the western coast of Asia Mi- 
nor. 

Ionius, a, um, adj. of Ionia ; Io- 
nian : mare, that part of the 
Mediterranean which lies be- 
tween Greece and the south of 
Italy. 

Iphicrates, is, m. an Athenian 
general. 

Iphigenia, ae, f. the daughter of 
Agamemnon and Clytemnes- 
tra, and priestess of Diana. 

Ipse, a, um, pro. § 135 ; he him- 
self; she herself; itself; or 
simply he ; she ; it : et ipse, 



he also ; before a verb of the 
first or second person, I; 
thou : ego ipse, J myself • 
tu ipse, thou thyself &c. 

Ira, 83, f. anger ; rage. 

Irascor, irasci, dep. § 174 ; to be 
angry. 

Iratus, a, um, adj. angry. 

Ire. See Eo. 

Irreparabilis, e, adj. irreparable ; 
irrecoverable. 

Irretio, ire, ivi, itum, a. (in & 
rete,) to entangle ; to insnare. 

Irretitus, part entangled ; caught. 

Irridens, tis, part from 

Irrideo, dere, si, sum, a. (in & 
rideo,) to deride; to laugh 
at. 

Irrigo, are, avi, atum, a. (in & 
rigo,) to water ; to bedew ; to 
moisten. 

Irrito, are, avi, atum, a. to irri- 
tate ; to provoke ; to incite. 

Irruens, tis, part, from 

Irruo, uere, ui, n. (in & ruo,) U 
rush ; to rush in, into, or up- 
on; to attack. 

Is, ea, id, pro. § 134 ; this ; he , 
she ; it : in eo esse, i. e. in ea 
statu, to be in that state ; to be 
upon the point. 

Issus, i, f. a maritime city of Ci 
licia. 

Issicus, a, um, adj. of or belong 
ing to Issus. 

Isocrates, is, m. a celebrated 
Athenian orator. 

Iste, a, ud, pro. § 134 ; that ; that 



202 



ISTER JUGUM. 



person or thing ; he ; she ; it. 
§ 207, R. 25. 

Ister, tri, in. the name of the Dan- 
ube after it enters Illyricum. 

Isthmlcus, a, urn, adj. Isthmian ; 
belonging to the Isthmus of 
Corinth : ludi, games celebrat- 
ed at that place. 

Isthmus, i, m. an isthmus; a 
neck of land separating two 
seas. 

Ita, adv. so ; in such a manner ; 
even so ; thus. 

Italia, se, f. Italy. 

I talus, a, um, adj. Italian. 

Itali, subs, the Italians. 

Italicus, a, um, adj. belonging to 
Italy ; Italian. 

Itaque, adv. and so ; therefore. 

Iter, itineris, n. a journey ; a 
road ; a march. 

Iterum, adv. again ; once more ; 
a second time. 

Ithaca, se, f. a rocky island in the 
Ionian sea, with a city of the 
same name. 

Itidem, adv. in like manner ; like- 
wise ; also. 

Iturus, a, um, part, (eo.) 

Ivi. See Eo. 

J. 

Jacens, tis, part, from 

Jaceo, ere, ui, n. to lie ; to be sit- 
uated. 

Jacio, jacere, jeci, jactum, a. to 
throw; to cast; to fling; to hurl. 



Jacto, are, avi, atum, freq. ( t jRcio,) 
to throw about; to toss; to 
agitate. 

Jactus, a, um, part (jacio,) cast; 
thrown. 

Jaculor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
hurl ; to dart ; to shoot. 

Jam, adv. now; already; pres- 
ently ; even. 

Jamdudum, adv. long ago. 

Janiculum, i, n. one of the seven 
hills of Rome. 

Jason, onis, m. the son of Mson, 
king of Thessaly, and leader 
of the Argonauts ; also, an 
inhabitant of Lycia. 

Jejunus, a, um, adj. fasting; 
hungry. 

Jovis. See Jupiter. 

Juba, se, f. the mane. 

Jubeo, jubere, jussi, jussum, a. 
to command; to bid; to or- 
der ; to direct. 

Jucundus, a, um, adj. (jocus,) 
sweet; agreeable; delightful; 
pleasant. 

Judsea, se, f. Judea. 

Judseus, a, um, adj. belonging to 
Judea : — subs, a Jew. 

Judex, icis, c. a judge. 

Judicium, i, n. a judgment ; de- 
cision. 

Judico, are, avi, atum, a. to 
judge ; to deem ; to deter- 
mine; to decide. 

Jug&rum, i, n. § 93, 1 ; an acre 
of land. 

Jugum, i, n. a yoke ; a ridge o* 



JUGURTHA LACERATUS. 



203 



chain of mountains ; in war, 
an instrument consisting of 
two spears placed erect, and 
a third laid transversely upon 
them. 

Jugurtha, se, m. a king ofJVu- 
midia. 

Julius, i, m. a name of Ccesar, 
ivho belonged to the gens Ju- 
lia. 

Junctus, a, um, part (jungo.) 

Junior, adj. (comp. from juvenis,) 
younger. 

Junius, i, m. the name of a Ro- 
man tribe which included the 
family of Brutus. 

Jungo, jungere, junxi, junctum, 
a. to unite ; to connect ; to 
join: currui, to put in; to 
harness to. 

Juno, onis, f. the daughter of 
Saturn and wife of Jupiter. 

Jupiter, Jovis, m. § 85 ; the son of 
Saturn, and king of the gods. 

Jurgiosus, a, um, adj. (jurgium,) 
quarrelsome; scolding; brawl- 
ing. 

Juro, are, avi, atum, a. to swear. 

Jus, juris, n. right ; justice : jus 
civitatis, the freedom of the 
city; citizenship: jure, with 
reason; rightly; deservedly. 

JussL See Jubeo. 

Jussus, a, um, part, (jubeo.) 

Jussu, abl. m. § 94 ; a com- 
mand. 

Tustitia, se, f. justice ; from 

Justus, a, um, adj. just ; **ight ; 



full; regular; ordinary; er 

act. 
Juvenca, se, f. a cow ; a heifer. 
Juvencius, i, m. a Roman gen- 
eral, conquered by Andriscus. 
Juvenis, e, adj. (comp. junior, 

§ 126, 4,) young ; youthful. 
Juvenis, is, c. a young man or 

woman ; a youth. 
Juventus, utis, f. youth. 
Juvo, juvare, juvi, jutum, a. to 

help ; to assist. 
Juxta, prep, near; hard by: — 

adv. alike ; even ; equally. 

L. 

L., an abbreviation of Lucius. 

§328. 
Labor, & Labos, oris, m. labor ; 

toil. 
Labor, labi, lapsus sum, dep. to 

fall; to glide; to glide away ; 

to flow on. 
Laboriosus, a, um, adj. (labor,) 

laborious. 
Laboro, are, avi, atum, n. to 

work or labor ; to suffer with ; 

to be distressed. 
Labyrinthus, i, m. a labyrinth. 
Lac, lactis, n. milk. 
Lacedaemonius, a, um, adj. be- 
longing to Lacedcemon ; La- 

ced(Bmonian ; Spartan. 
Lacedaemon, onis, f. Laceda- 

mon, or Sparta, the capital 

of Laconia. 
Laceratus, a, um, part from 



204 



LACERO LAUDATUS 



Lacero, are, avi, atum, a. to tear 
in pieces. 

Lacessitus, a, urn, part, from 

Lacesso, ere, ivi, Itum, a. to dis- 
turb ; to trouble ; to provoke ; 
to stir up. 

Lacryma, as, f. a tear. 

Lacus, us, m. a lake. 

Laconic us, a, um, adj. Laconic ; 
Spartan ; Lacedcemonian. 

Laedo, laedere, laesi, laesum, a. to 
injure ; to hurt. 

Laetatus, a, um, part, (lsetor.) 

Laetitia, 89, f. (laetus,) joy. 

Laetor, ari, atus sum, dep. to re- 
joice ; to be glad ; to be de- 
lighted with. 

Laetus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
glad; joyful; full of joy ; 
fortunate ; prosperous ; fruit- 
ful ; abundant. 

Lsevinus, i, m. the name of a Ro- 
man family ; (P. Valerius,) a 
Roman consul. 

Laevor, oris, m. smoothness. 

Lagus, i, m. a Macedonian, who 
adopted as his son that Ptol- 
emy who afterwards became 
king of Egypt. 

Lana, ae, f. wool. 

Lanatus, a, um, adj. bearing 
wool; woolly. 

Laniatus, a, um, part, from 

Lanio, are, avi, atum, a. to tear 
in pieces. 

Lapicidina, ae, f. (lapis & caedo,) 
a quarry. 

Lapideus, a, um, adj. stony ; from 



Lapis, idis, m. a stone. 
Lapsus, a, um, part, (labor.) 
Laqueus, i, m. a noose ; a snare* 
Largitio, onis, f. a present. 
Late, adv. (ius, issime,) widely ; 

extensively. 
Latebra, ae, f. a lurking-place ; a 

hiding-place ; a retreat. 
Latens, tis, part, from 
Lateo, ere, ui, n. to be hidden; 

to be concealed; to be un- 
known. 
Later, eris, m. a brick. 
Laterculus, i, m. dim. (later,) a 

little hick ; a brick. 
Latinus, i, m. an ancient king of 

the Laurentes, a people of 

Italy. 
Latinus, a, um, adj. Latin; of 

Latium: Latini, subs, the 

Latins. 
Latitudo, mis, f. (latus,) breadth. 
Latium, i, n. Latium. 
Latmus, i, m. a mountain in Ca- 

ria, near the borders of Ionia, 
Latona, ae, f. the daughter of the 

giant Cozus, and mother of 

Apollo and Diana. 
Latro, are, avi, atum, n. & a. to 

bark ; to bark at. 
Latro, onis, m. a robber. 
Latrocinium, i, n. robbery; pi» 

racy. 
Laturus, a, um, part, (fero.) 
Latus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) 

broad; wide. 
Latus, eris, n. a side. 
Laudatus, a, um, part from 



LAUDO LIBERALITER. 



205 



Laudo, are, avi, atum, a. to 
praise ; to extol ; to commend, 

Laurentia, ae, f. *S*ee Acca. 

Laus, dis, f. praise ; glory ; hon- 
or ; fame ; repute ; estima- 
tion; value. 

Laute, adv. sumptuously; mag- 
nificently. 

Lavinia, ae, f. the daughter of 
Latlnus, and the second wife 
of Mneas. 

Lavinium, i, n. a city in Italy , 
built by Mneas. 

Lavo, lavare & lavere, lavi, lo- 
tum, lautum, & lavatum, a. 
§ 165 ; to wash ; to bathe. 

Leaena, ae, f. a lioness. 

Leander, & Leandrus, dri, m. a 
vouth of Abydos, distinguish- 
ed for his attachment to Hero. 

Lebes, etis, m. a kettle ; a caldron. 

Lectus, a, urn, part (lego,) read; 
chosen. 

Leda, ae, f. the wife of Tyndarus, 
king of Sparta, and the mother 
of Helena. 

Legatio, orris, f. (lego, are,) an 
embassy. 

Legatus,i,m. (lego, are,) a deputy; 
a lieutenant ; an ambassador. 

Legio, onis, f. (lego, ere,) a le- 
gion ; ten cohorts of soldiers. 

Legislator, oris, m. (lex & fero,) 
a legislator ; a lawgiver. 

Lego, legere, legi, lectum, a. to 
read; to choose ; to collect. 

Lemanus, i, m. the name of a 
lake in Gaul, bordering upon 



the country of the Helvetii, 
now the lake of Geneva. 

Leo, onis, m. a lion. 

Leonid as, ae, m. a brave king of 
Sparta, who fell in the battle 
of ThermopylcB. 

Leontinus, a, um, adj. belonging 
to Leontini, a city and a peo- 
ple of the same name, on the 
eastern coast of Sicily. 

Lepidus, i, m. the name of an illus- 
trious family, of the Mmilian 
clan : M. Lepidus, one of the 
triumvirs with Augustus and 
Antony. 

Lepus, oris, m. a hare. 

Letalis, e, adj. fatal; deadly; 
from 

Letum, i, n. aeath. 

Levis, e, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
light ; trivial ; inconsidera- 
ble ; smooth. 

Levltas, atis, f. lightness. 

Levo, are, avi, atum, a. to ease; 
to relieve; to lighten; to al- 
leviate. 

Lex, gis, f. a law ; a condition. 

Lib ens, tis, part, (libet,) willing. 

Lib enter, adv. willingly. 

Libet, or Lubet, libuit, imp. it 
pleases. 

Libenter, adv. (libens,) freely ; 
willingly. 

Liber, libera, liberum, adj./ree. 

Liber, libri, m. the inner bark of 
a tree ; a book. 

Liberaliter, adv. (liberalis,) lib 
erally ; kindly. 



206 



LIBERATUS LORUM. 



Liberatus, a, um, part, (libero,) 
liberated ; set at liberty. 

Lib ere, adv. freely ; without re- 
straint, 

Liberi, orum, m. pi. § 96 ; chil- 
dren. 

Libero, are, avi, atum, a. to free ; 
to liberate ; to deliver. 

Libertas, atis, f. liberty. 

Libya, ee, f. properly IAbya, a 
kingdom of Africa, lying west 
of Egypt ; sometimes it com- 
prehends the whole of Africa. 

Licinius, i, m. a name common 
among the Romans. 

Licet, uit, itum est, imp. § 169 ; 
it is lawful ; it is permitted ; 
you may ; one may. 

Licet, conj. although. 

Lienosus, a, um, adj. splenetic. 

Ligneus, a, um, adj. wooden; 
from 

Lignum, i, n. wood; a log of 
wood; timber. 

Li go, are, avi, atum, a. to bind. 

Liguria, se, f. IAguria, a coun- 
try in the west of Italy. 

Ligus, uris, m. a Zdgurian. 

Ligustlcus, a, um, adj. IAgurian : 
mare, the gulf of Genpa. 

Lilybseum, i, n. a promontory on 
the western coast of Sicily. 

Limpidus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) transparent; limpid; 
clear. 

Limus, i, m. mud ; clay. 

Lingua, se, f. the tongue ; a lan- 
guage. 



Linum, i, n.fiax; linen. 

Liquldus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) liquid; clear; pure 
limpid. 

Lis, litis, f. a strife; a conten- 
tion ; a controversy. 

Littera, or Liter a, se, f. a letter 
of the alphabet : (pi.) letters ; 
literature ; learning ; a letter ; 
an epistle. 

Litterarius, a, um, adj. belonging 
to letters ; literary. 

Littus, or Litus, oris, n. the shore. 

Loco, are, avi, atum, a. to place, 
set, dispose, or arrange ; to 
give or dispose of in mar- 
riage ; from 

Locus, i, m. in sing. ; m. & n. in 
pi. § 92, 2 ; a place. 

Locusta, se, f. a locust. 

Longe, adv. (ius, issime,) (lon- 
gus,) far ; far off. 

Longinquus, a, um, adj. (comp. 
ior,)/ar ; distant ; long ; for- 
eign. 

Longitudo, inis, f. length ; from 

Longus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) long, applied both to 
time and space ; lasting. 

Locutus, a, um, part, (loquor,) 
having spoken. 

Locuturus, a, um, part, about to 
speak; from 

Loquor, loqui, locutus sum, dep. 
to speak. 

Lorica, se, f. a coat of mail > 
corselet; breast-plate; cuirass 

Lorum, i, n. a thong 



LUBENS MACEDO. 



207 



Lubens, tis, part, (lubet.) 

Lub enter, adv. (ius, isslme.j See 
Libenter. 

Lubet. See Libet. 

Lubido, or Libido, inis, f. lust; 
desire. 

Lubricus, a, um, adj. slippery. 

Luceo, lucere, luxi, n. to shine. 

Lucius, i, m. a Roman prsenomen. 

Lucretia, se, f. a Roman matron, 
the wife of Collatinus. 

Lucretius, i, m. the father of Lu- 
cretia. 

Luctus, us, m. (lugeo,) mourn- 
ing ; sorrow. 

Lucullus, i, m. a Roman cele- 
brated for his luxury, his 
patronage of learned men, 
and his military talents. 

Lucus, i, m. a grove. 

Ludo, ludere, lusi, lusum, a. to 
play; to be in sport; to de- 
ceive. 

Ludus, i, m. a game ; a play ; 
a place of exercise ; a school : 
gladiatorius, a school for 
gladiators. 

Lugeo, lugere, luxi, n. to mourn ; 
to lament. 

Lumen, inis, n. (luceo,) light; 
an eye. 

Luna, se, f. the moon. 

Lupa, se, f. a she-wolf 

Lupus, i, m. a wolf. 

Luscinia, 83, f. a nightingale. 

Lusitania, as, f. a part q/*Hispa- 
nia, now Portugal. 

Lustro, are, avi, atum, a. to puri- 
18 



fy; to appease ; to expiate : ex- 
ercltum, to review ; to muster. 

Lustrum, i, n. the lair of wild 
beasts ; a den. 

Lusus, us, m. a game ; a play : 
per lusum, in sport; spor- 
tively. 

Lutatius, i, m. the name of a 
Roman tribe : C. Lutatius 
Catulus, a Roman consul in 
the first Punic war. 

Lutetia, 33, f. a city of Gaul, now 
Paris. 

Lutum, i, n. clay. 

Lux, lucis, f. light. 

Luxuria, 33, f. luxury ; excess ; 
voluptuousness. 

Lycius, a, um, adj. Lycian; of 
Lycia, a country of Asia 
Minor. 

Lycomedes, is, m. a king ofScy- 
ros. 

Lycurgus, i, m. the Spartan law- 
giver. 

Lydia, 33, f. a country of Asia 
Minor. 

Lysander, dri, m. a celebrated 
Lacedaemonian general. 

Lysimachus, i, m. one of Alexan- 
der's generals, who was after- 
wards king of a part of 
Thrace. 



M. 

M., an abbreviation of Marcus. 

§32& 
Macedo, onis, m. a Macedonian. 



S08 



MACEDONIA MALUM. 



Macedonia, 83, f. a country of 
Europe, lying west of Thrace, 
and north of Thessaly and 
Epirus. 

Macedonicus, a, um, adj. of 
Macedonia ; Macedonian ; 
also, an agnomen or surname 
of Q. Metellus. 

Macies, ei, f. leanness ; decay. 

Macrobii, orum, m. pi. a Greek 
word signifying long-lived; 
this name was given to cer- 
tain tribes of Ethiopians, who 
were distinguished for the 
simplicity and purity of their 
manners, and for their lon- 
gevity. 

Mactatus, a, um, part from 

Mac to, are, avi, atum, a. to sacri- 
fice ; to slay. 

Macula, se, f. a spot ; a stain. 

Madeo, ere, ui, n. to be moist; 
to be wet. 

Msenades, um, f. pi. priestesses 
of Bacchus ; bacchants; bac- 
chanals. 

Mseotis, idis, adj. Maotian : pa- 
lus Mseotis, a lake or gulf, 
lying north of the Euxine, 
now called the sea of Azoph. 

Magis, adv. (sup. maxlme, § 194,) 
more; rather; better. 

Magister, tri, m. a teacher; a 
master : magister equltum, 
the commander of the cavalry, 
and the dictator's lieutenant. 

Magistrates, us, m. a magistra- 
cy ; a civil office ; a magistrate. 



Magnesia, 83, f. a town of Io- 
nia. 

Magniflce, adv. (entius, entissi- 
me,) (magnifies s,) magnifi- 
cently; splendidly. 

Magnificentia, se, f. magnificence, 
splendor; grandeur; from 

Magniflcus, a, um, adj. (entior, 
entisslmus,) (magnus & fa- 
cio,) magnificent ; splendid. 

Magnitudo, inis, f. (magnus,) 
greatness ; magnitude ; size. 

Magnopere, adv. (magnus & 
opus,) greatly ; very ; earnest- 
ly. 

Magnus, a, um, adj. (comp. major, 
sup. maximus,) great ; large. 

Major, comp. (magnus,) greater ; 
the elder. 

Majores, um, m. pi. forefathers ; 
ancestors. 

Male, adv. (pejus, pesslme,) (raa- 
lus,) badly ; ill ; hurtfully. 

Maledico, -dicere, -dixi, -dictum, 
a. (male & dico,) to revile; 
to rail at ; to abuse ; to re- 
proach. 

Maledicus, a, um, adj. (entior, 
entisstmus,) reviling ; railing; 
scurrilous ; abusive. 

Maleficus, a, um, adj. (entior, 
entisslmus,) (male & facio,) 
ivicked; hurtful; mischievous; 
injurious : — subs, an evil-doer. 

Malo, malle, malui, irr. § 178, 3 
to prefer ; to be more willing 
to wish rather. 

Malum, i, n. an apple. 



MALUM MARSYAS. 



209 



Malum, i, n. (malus,) evil ; mis- 
fortune; calamity; sufferings; 
evil deeds. 

Malus, a, um, adj. (pejor, pessi- 
mus, § 125, 5,) bad ; wicked : 
mali, bad men. 

Mancinus, i, m. a Roman consul 
who made a disgraceful peace 
with the JVumantians. 

Mando, mandere, mandi, man- 
sum, a. to chew ; to eat. 

Mando, are, avi, atum, a. to com- 
mand ; to intrust ; to commit ; 
to bid; to enjoin: man dare 
marmoribus, to engrave upon 
marble. 

Mane, ind. n. the morning, § 94 : — 
adv. early in the morning. 

Maneo, ere, si, sum, n. to re- 
main ; to continue. 

Manes, ium, m. pi. the dead; the 
manes; ghosts or shades of 
the dead. 

Manlius, i, m. a Roman proper 
name. 

Mano, are, avi, atum, n. to flow. 

Mansuefacio, -facere, -feci, -fac- 
tum, a. (mansues & facio,) 
to tame ; to make tame. 

Mansuefio, -fien, -factus sum, 
irr. § 180, N., to be made tame. 

Mansuefacms, a, um, part. 

Mantinea, se, f. a city of Arcadia. 

Manubia?, arum, f. pi. booty; 
spoils ; plunder. 

Manumissus, a, um, part, from 

Manumitto, -mittere, -misi, -mis- 
sum, a. 'manus & mitto,) to set 



free, at liberty ; to free ; to 
manumit. 

Manus, us, f. a hand; the trunk 
of an elephant ; a band oi 
body of soldiers. 

Mapale, is, n. a hut or cottage of 
the Numidians. 

Marcellus, i, m. the name of a 
Roman family which pro- 
duced many illustrious men. 

Marcius, i, m. a Roman namt 
and cognomen or surname. 

Marcus, i, m. a Roman prseno 
men. 

Mare, is, n. the sea. 

Margarita, se, f. a pearl. 

Mariandyni, orum, m. pi. a peo 
pie of Bithynia. 

Marinus, a, um, adj. (mare,) ma- 
rine; pertaining to the sea: 
aqua marina, sea-water. 

Maritlmus, a, um, adj. maritime ; 
on the sea-coast : copiae, na- 
val forces. 

Maritus, i, m. a husband. 

Marius, i, m. (C.) a distinguished 
Roman general, who was seven 
times elected consul. 

Marmor, oris, n. marble. 

Mars, tis, m. the son of Jupitei 
and Juno, and god ofioar. 

Marsi, orum, m. pi. a people of 
Latium, upon the borders of 
lake Ticlnus. 

Marsyas, se, m. a celebrated 
Phrygian musician ; also, a 
brother of Aniigonus, the king 
of Macedonia. 



210 



MASSA MEL. 



Massa, 33, f. a mass ; a lump. 

Masslcus, a, um, adj. Massic, of 
Massicus, a mountain in Cam- 
pania, famous for its wine : 
vinum, Massic wine, 

Massilia, 33, f. a maritime town 
of Gallia Narbonensis, now 
Marseilles. 

Mater, tris, f. a mother ; a ma- 
tron. 

Materia, se, f. a material ; mat- 
ter; stuff; timber. 

Matrimonium, i, n. matrimony; 
marriage. 

Matrona, 33, f. a matron ; a mar- 
ried woman. 

Matrona, 83, f. a river of Gaul, 
now the Marne. 

Maturesco, maturescere, matu- 
rui, inc. to ripen; to grow 
ripe; from 

Maturus, a, um, adj. (ior, rimus 
or isslmus,) ripe; mature; 
perfect. 

Mauritania, 83, f. a country in 
the western part of Africa, 
extending from JYumidia to 
the Atlantic ocean. 

Mausolus, i, m. a king of Ca- 
rta. 

Maxilla, 83, f. a jaw; a jaw- 
bone. 

Maxime, adv. (sup. of magis,) 
most of all ; especially ; great- 
ly. 

Maximus, i,m. a Roman surname: 
Q,u. Fabius Maximus, a dis- 
tinguished Roman general. 



Maximus, a, um, adj. (sup. of 
magnus,) greatest ; eldest : 
maximus natu. See Natu. 

Mecum, (me & cum, § 133, 4,) 
with me. 

Medeor, eri, dep. § 170 ; to cure ; 
to heal. 

Medicina, 33, f. medicine. 

Medico, are, avi, atum, a. to heal ; 
to administer medicine ; to 
medicate ; to prepare medi- 
cally ; to embalm. 

Medicus, i, m. a physician. 

Meditatus, a, um, part, designed; 
practised; from 

Medltor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
meditate ; to reflect ; to prac- 
tise. 

Medius, a, um, adj. middle ; the 
midst, § 205, R. 17 : medium, 
the middle. 

Mediomatrici, orum, m. pi. a 
people of Belgic Gaul. 

Medusa, 33, f. one of the three 
Gorgons. 

Megara, 83, f. the capital of Meg- 
aris. 

Megarenses, ium, m. pi. Mega- 
rensians m , the inhabitants of 
Megara. 

Megaris, idis, f. a small country 
of Greece. 

Megasthenes, is, m. a Greek his- 
torian, whose tvorks have been 
lost. 

Mehercu!e, adv. by Hercules 
truly certainly. 

Mel, lis, n. honey. 



MELEAGRUS METALLUM. 



211 



Meleagrus & -ager, gri, m. a 
king of Calydonia. 

Melior, us, adj. (comp. of bonus, 
§ 125, 5,) better. 

Melius, adv. (comp. of bene,) 
better. 

Membrana, se, f. a thin skin ; a 
membrane; parchment. 

Membrum, i, n. a limb ; a mem- 
ber. 

Me mini, def. pret. § 183 ; I re- 
member ; I relate. 

Memor, oris, adj. mindful. 

Memorabllis, e, adj. memorable ; 
remarkable ; worthy of being 
mentioned. 

Memoria, se, f. memory. 

Memoro, are, avi, atum, a. to re- 
member ; to say ; to men- 
tion. 

Memphis, is, f. a large city of 
Egypt. 

Mendacium, i, n. a falsehood ; 
from 

Mendax, acis, adj. false ; lying. 

Menelaus, i, m. a king of Spar- 
ta, the son of Atreus, and hus- 
band of Helen. 

Menenius, i, m. (Agrippa,) a Ro- 
man, distinguished for his suc- 
cess in reconciling the plebe- 
ians to the patricians. 

Mens, tis, f. the mind ; the will ; 
the understanding. 

Mensis, is, m. a month. 

Mentio, onis, f. (memlni,) mention 
or a speaking of. 

Mentior. iri, itus sum, dep. to lie ; 
18* 



to assert falsely ; to feign; to 
deceive. 

Mercator, oris, m. (mercor,) a 
merchant ; a trader. 

Mercatura, se, f. § 102, 7 ; mer- 
chandise ; trade. 

Mercatus, us, m. a market; a 
mart ; a fair ; an emporium ; 
a sale. 

Merces, edis, f. (mereo,) wages ; 
a reward ; a price. 

Mercurius, i, m. Mercury, the son 
of Jupiter and Maia. He teas 
the messenger of the gods. 

Mereo, ere, ui, ltum, n. to de- 
serve ; to gain ; to acquire. 

Mereor, eri, itus sum, dep. to de- 
serve ; to earn. 

Mergo, mergere, mersi, mersum, 
a. to sink ; to dip under. 

Meridianus, a, um, adj. southern ; 
south ; at noon-day ; from 

Meridies, iei, m. (medius & dies,) 
noon; mid-day; south. 

Merito, adv. with reason ; with 
good reason ; deservedly. 

Merftum, i, n. (mereo,) merit; 
desert. 

Mersi. See Mergo. 

Mersus, a, um, part, (mergo.) 

Merula, se, f. a blackbird. 

Merx, cis, f. merchandise. 

Messis, is, f. (meto,) the har- 
vest. 

Meta, se, f. a goal ; a limit. 

Metagonium, i, n. a promontory 
in the northern part of Africa. 

Metallum, i, n. metal ; a mine. 



212 



METANIRA MIRATUS. 



Metanira, ee, f. the wife of Celeus, 
king of Eleusis. 

Metellus, i, m. the name of an il- 
lustrious family at Rome. 

Metior, metiri, mensus sum, dep. 
to measure. 

Metius, i, m. (Suffetius,) an Al- 
ban general, put to death by 
Tullus Hostilius. 

Meto, metere, messui, messum, 
a. to reap ; to mow. 

Metuo, metuere, metui, a. to 
fear; from 

Metus, us, m.fear. 

Meus, a, um, pro. § 139 ; (ego,) 
my; mine. 

Micipsa, ee, m. a king of Nu- 
midia. 

Mico, are, ui, n. to shine. 

Midas, se, m. a king of Phinjgia, 
distinguished for his luealth. 

Migro, are, avi, atum, n. to re- 
move ; to migrate ; to wan- 
der. 

Mihi. See Ego. 

Miles, itis, c. a soldier ; the sol- 
diery. 

Miletus, i, f. the capital of Ionia, 
near the borders of Caria. 

Militia, ae, f. (miles,) war ; mili- 
tary service. 

Milito, are, avi, aturn, n. to serve 
in war. 

Mille, n. ind. (in sing.) a thou- 
sand: millia, um, pi. mille, 
adj. lid. § 118, 6. 

Milliarium, i, n. a milestone; a 
mile or 5000 Roman feet: 



ad quintum milliarium urbis, 
within five miles of the city. 

Miltiades, is, m. a celebrated 
Athenian general, who con- 
quered the Persians. 

Milvius. i. m. a kite. 

Minae, arum, f. pi. § 96 ; threats. 

Minatus, a, um, part, (minor.) 

Minerva, 89, f. the daughter of 
Jupiter, and goddess of war 
and wisdom. 

Minlme, adv. (sup. of parum,) 
least ; at least ; not at all. 

Minimus, a, um, adj. (sup. of 
parvus,) the least ; the small- 
est. 

Ministerium, i, n (minister,) ser- 
vice ; labor. 

Minium, i, n. red lead; vermil- 
ion. 

Minor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
threaten ; to menace. 

Minor, oris, adj. (comp. of par- 
vus,) less ; smaller ; weak- 
er. 

Minos, ois, m. a son of Europa, 
and king of Crete. 

Minuo, minuere, minui, minu- 
tum, a. to diminish. 

Minus, adv. (minor,) (comp. of 
parum,) less: quo minus or 
quominus, that — not. 

Miraculum, i, n. (miror,) a mira- 
cle ; a wonder. 

Mirabilis, e, adj. wonderful ; as- 
tonishing. 

Miratus, a, um, part (miror,) won* 
dering at. 



MIRE MONEO. 



213 



Mire, adv. (minis,) wonderfully ; 

remarkably. 
Miror, ari, atus sum, dep. to won- 
der at ; to admire ; from 
Mirus, a, um, adj. wonderful; 

surprising. 
Misceo, miscere, miscui, mistum 

or mixtum, a. to mingle ; to 

mix. 
Miser, era, erum, adj. miserable ; 

unhappy; wretched; sad. 
Miseratus, a, um, part, (miseror.) 
Misereor, misereri, miseritus or 

misertus sum, dep. to have 

compassion ; to pity. 
Miseret, miseruit, miserltum est, 

imp. it pitieth: me miseret, 

Ipity. 
Misericordia, se, f. (misericors,) 

pity ; compassion. 
Miseror, ari, atus sum, dep. to 

pity. 
Misi. See Mitto. 
Mistus, & Mixtus, a, um, part. 

(misceo.) 
Mithridates, is, m. a celebrated 

king of Pontus. 
Mithridaticus, a, um, adj. be- 
longing to Mithridates ; Mith- 

ridatic. 
Mitis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) mild; 

meek ; kind ; humane. 
Mitto, mittere, misi, missum, a. 

to send; to throw; to bring 

forth ; to produce ; to afford : 

mittere se in aquam, to plunge 

into the water. 
Mixtus. See Mistus. 



Modicus, a, um, adj. moderate; 
of moderate size ; small. 

Modius, i, m. a measure ; a half 
bushel. 

Modo, adv. now ; only ; but : 
modo — modo, sometimes — 
sometimes: — conj. (for si modo 
or dummodo,) provided that ; 
if only. 

Modus, i, m. a measure ; a man- 
ner ; a way ; degree ; limit ; 
moderation. 

Mcenia, um, n. pi. the walls of 
a city. 

Mcenus, i, m. the Maine, a river 
of Germany, and a branch 
of the Rhine. 

Mcerens, tis, part, from 

Mcereo, mcerere, neut. pass, to be 
sad; to mourn. 

Mceris, is, m. a lake in Egypt. 

Moles, is, f. a mass ; a bulk ; a 
burden ; a weight ; a pile. 

Molestus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) irksome; severe; trouble- 
some ; oppressive ; unwel- 
come. 

Mollio, ire, ivi, itum, a. to soften ; 
to moderate ; from 

Mollis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) soft ; 
tender. 

Molossi, orum, m. pi. the Moloss- 
ians, a people ofEplrus. 

Momordi. See Mordeo. 

Monens, tis, part, from 

Moneo, ere, ui, Itum, a. to ad- 
vise ; to remind ; to warn ; to 
admonish. 



214 



MONIMENTUM MTJS. 



Monimentum or -umentum, i, n. 
§ 102, 4 ; a monument ; a me- 
morial ; a record. 

Mons, tis, m. a mountain; a 
mount. 

Monstro, are, avi, atum, a. to 
show ; to point out. 

Mora, se, f. delay. 

Morbus, i, m. a disease. 

Mordax, acis, adj. biting; sharp ; 
snappish; from 

Mordeo, mordere, momordi, mor- 
sum, a. to bite. 

Mores. See Mos. 

Moriens, tis, part, from 

Morior, mori & moriri, mortuus 
sum, dep. § 174 ; to die. 

Moror, ari, atus sum, dep. to de- 
lay ; to tarry ; to stay ; to re- 
main : nihil moror, I care not 
for ; I value not. 

Morosus, a, um, adj. morose ; 
peevish ; fretful ; cross. 

Mors, tis, f. death. 

Morsus, us, m. a bite ; biting. 

Mortalis, e, adj. mortal. 

Mortuus, a, um, part (mori- 
or.) dead, 

Mos, moris, m. a custom : more, 
after the manner of ; like : 
mores, conduct ; deportment ; 
manners; customs. 

Mossyni, orum, m. pi. a people 
of Asia Minor, near the Eux- 
ine. 

Motus, us, m. motion : terrse mo- 
tus, an earthquake. 

Motus, a, um, part, from 



Moveo, movere, movi, motum, a- 
to move ; to stir ; to excite 

Mox, adv. soon ; soon after ; by 
and by. 

Mucius, i, m. (Scsevola,) a Ro- 
man, celebrated for his forti- 
tude. 

Muliebris, e, adj. womanly ; fe- 
male; from 

Mulier, eris, f. a woman. 

Multitudo, inis, f. (multus,) a mul- 
titude. 

Multo or -cto, are, avi, atum, a. 
to punish ; to fine ; to impose 
a fine ; to sentence to pay a 
fine. 

Multo, & Multum, adv. much ; by 
far. 

Multus, a, um, adj. much; many. 

Mummius, i, m. a Roman gene- 
ral. 

Mundus, i, m. the world ; the uni- 
verse. 

Muniendus, a, um, part, from 

Munio, ire, Ivi, Itum, a. to forti- 
fy : viam, to open or prepare 
a road. 

Munus, eris, n. an office ; a gift ; 
a present; a favor ; a re- 
ward. 

Muralis, e, adj. pertaining to a 
wall : corona, the mural 
crown, given to him who first 
mounted the wall of a besieg- 
ed town ; from 

Murus, i, m. a wall ; a wall of a 
town. 

Mus, muris, m. a mouse 



MUSA NAVIGO. 



215 



Musa, ee, f. a muse ; a song, 

Musca, ee, f. a fly. 

Musculus, i, m. dim. (mus, § 100, 

3,) a little mouse. 
Muslce, es, & Musica, se, f. 

(musa,) music; the art of 

music. 
Music us, a, um, adj. musical. 
Muto, are, avi, atum, a. to change; 

to transform. 
Mygdonia, 68, f. a small country 

of Phrygia. 
Myrmecldes, is, m. an ingenious 

artist of Miletus. 
Myndius, i, m. a Myndian; an 

inhabitant of Myndus. 
Myndus, i, f. a city in Caria, 

7t*ar Halicarnassus. 
Mysia, ee, f. a country of Asia 

Minor, having the Propontis 

on the north, and the Mgean 

sea on the west 

N. 

Nabis, idis, m. a tyrant of Lace- 
dcemon. 

Nee, adv. verily ; truly. 

Nactus, a, um, part, (nanciscor,) 
having found. 

Nam, conj. § 198, 5 ; for ; but. 

Nanciscor, nancisci, nactus sum, 
dep. to get; to find; to meet 
with. 

Narbonensis, e, adj. Narbonen- 
sis Gallia, one of the four 
divisions of Gaul, in the south- 
eastern part, deriving its name 



from the city of Narbo, now 
JVarbonne. 

Naris, is, f. the nostril. 

Narro, are, avi, atum, a. to relate ; 
to tell; to say. 

Nascor, nasci, natus sum, dep. 
to be born; to grow; to be 
produced. 

Nasica, ee, m. a surname of Pub- 
lius Cornelius Scipio. 

Nasus, i, m. a nose. 

Natalis, e, adj. natal: dies na- 
talis, a birth-day. 

Natans, tis, part, from 

Nato, are, avi, atum, freq. (no,) 
to swim ; to float. 

Natu, abl. sing. m. by birth : natu 
minor, the younger : minimus, 
the youngest: major, the el- 
der : maximus, the oldest 
§ 126, 4. 

Natura, ee, f. (nascor,) nature; 
creation ; power. 

Naturalis, e, adj. natural. 

Natus, a, um, part (nascor,) 
born : octoginta annos natus, 
eighty years old. 

Natus, i, m. a son. 

Naufragium, i, n. a shipwreck. 

Nauta, ee, m. a sailor. 

Navalis, e, adj. (navis,) naval; 
belonging to ships. 

Navigabllis, e, adj. navigable. 

Navigatio, onis, f. (navigo,) navi- 
gation. 

Navigium, i, n. a ship ; a vessel. 

Navigo, are, avi, atum, a. /'navis 
& ago,) to navigate ; to sail 



216 



NAVIS NIMIUM. 



navigatur, imp. navigation is 
carried on ; they sail, 

Navis, is, f. a ship. 

Ne, conj. not — lest ; lest that ; 
that — not : ne quidem, not 
even. §279,3. 

Ne, conj. enclitic : in direct 
questions, it is often omitted 
in the translation ; in indirect 
questions, whether : in a sec- 
ond question, or. § 265, R. 2. 

Nee, conj. (ne & que,) and not ; 
hut not; neither; nor. 

Necessarius,a,um, adj.(necesse,) 
necessary : — subs, a friend. 

Necessitas, atis, f. necessity; 
duty. 

Neco, are, avi or ui, atum, a. to 
kill; to destroy ; to slay. 

Nefas, n. ind. (ne & fas,) impie- 
ty ; wrong. 

Neglectus, a, um, part, from 

Negligo, -ligere, -lexi, -lectum, 
a. (nee & lego,) to neglect; 
not to care for; to disregard. 

Nego, are, avi, atum, a. to deny ; 
to refuse ; to declare that not. 

Negotium, i, n. (ne & otium,) 
business ; labor ; pains ; dif- 
ficulty : facili or nullo negotio, 
easily. 

Nemo, inis, c. (ne & homo,) no 
one ; no man. 

Nemus, oris, n. a forest ; a grove. 

Nepos, otis, m. a grandson. 

Neptunus, i, m. JYeptune, a son 
of Saturn and Ops, and the 
god of the sea. 



Nequaquam, adv. by no means. 
Neque, conj. (ne & que,) neither ; 

nor ; and — not. 
Nequeo, ire, ivi, itum, irr. n. (ne 

& queo, § 182, 3,) i" cannot ; 

I am not able. 
Nequis, -qua, -quod or -quid, pro. 

§ 138 ; lest any one ; that no 

one or no thing. 
Nereis, idis, f. a JYereid; a sea- 
nymph. The JYereids were 

the daughters of JYereus and 

Doris. 
Nescio, ire, ivi, itum, n. (ne & 

scio,) to be ignorant of; not 

to know ; can not 
Nestus, i, m. a river in the west- 
ern part of Thrace. 
Neuter, tra, trum, adj. (ne & 

uter, § 107,) neither of the 

two; neither. 
Nicomedes, is, m. a king of 

Bithynia. 
Nidiflco, are, avi, atum, a. (nidus 

& facio,) to build a nest. 
Nidus, i, m. a nest. 
Niger, gra, grum, adj. black. 
Nihil, n. ind., or Nihllum, i, n. 

(ne & hilum,) nothing : nihil 

habeo quod, I have no reason 

why. 
Nihilominus, adv. nevertheless. 
Nilus, i, m. the Nile ; the largest 

river of Africa. 
Nimius, a, um, adj. too great; 

excessive ; immoderate. 
Nimium, & Nimio, adv. too 

much. 



N1NUS NUBO. 



217 



Ninus, i, m. a king of Assyria, 

Niobe, es, f. the wife ofAmphwn, 
king of Thebes. 

Nisi, adv. (ne & si,) unless ; ex- 
cept ; if not. 

Nisus, i, m. a king of Megaris, 
and the father of Sylla. 

Nitldus, a, um, adj. (niteo,) 
shining ; bright ; clear. 

N'tor, oris, m. (niteo,) splendor ; 
gloss ; brilliancy. 

Nitor, niti, nisus & nixus sum, 
dep. to strive. 

Nix, nivis, f. snow. 

No, nare, navi, natum, n. to 
swim. 

Nobllis, e, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
noble; celebrated; famous; 
of high rank. 

Nobilltas, atis, f. nobility; the 
nobility; the nobles; a noble 
spirit; nobleness. 

Nobillto, are, avi, atum, a. to en- 
noble ; to make famous. 

Noceo, ere, ui, Itum, a. to hurt ; 
to injure ; to harm. 

Noctu, abl. sing, by night ; in 
the night time. § 94. 

Noctu rnus, a, um, adj. nightly ; 
nocturnal. 

Nodus, i, m. a knot ; a tumor. 

Nola, se, f. a city of Campa- 
nia. 

Nolo, nolle, nolui, irr. n. (non & 
volo, § 178, 2,) to be unwill- 
ing : the imperative of nolo, 
with an infinitive, is translat- 
ed by not, and the infinitive, 



by an imperative ; as, esse 
noli, be not. 

Nomades, um, m. pi. a name 
given to those tribes who wan- 
der from place to place, with 
their flocks and herds, having 
no fixed residence. 

Nomen, inis, n. a name. 

Non, adv. not. 

Nonagesimus, a, um, num. adj. 
the ninetieth. 

Nonne, adv. (instead of num 
non,) not ? (in a question.) 

Nonnlhil, n. ind. something. 

Nonnisi, adv. only ; not ; except. 

Nonnullus, a, um, adj. some. 

Nonus, a, um, num. adj. the ninth. 

Nos. See Ego. 

Nosco, noscere, novi, notum, a. 
§ 183, 3, N. ; to know ; to un- 
derstand; to learn. 

Noster, tra, trum, pro. our. § 139. 

Nota, as, f. a mark. 

Notans, tis, part, from 

Noto, are, avi, atum, a. to mark; 
to observe ; to stigmatize. 

Notus, a, um, part, (from nosco,) 
known. 

Novem, ind. num. adj. pi. nine. 

Novus, a, um, adj. (comp. not 
used ; sup. isslmus,) new ; 
recent ; fresh. 

Nox, noctis, f. night : de nocte, 
by night. 

Noxius, a, um, adj. hurtful ; in- 
jurious. 

Nubes, is, f. a cloud. 

Nubo, nubere, nupsi & nupta 



218 



NUD ATUS OBEO . 



sum, nuptum, n. to cover; 
to veil ; to marry ; to be mar- 
ried ; (used only of the wife.) 

Nudatus, a, um, part, laid open ; 
stripped; deprived; from 

Nudo, are, avi, atum, a. to make 
naked ; to lay open ; from 

Nudus, a, um, adj. naked ; bare, 

Nullus, a, um, gen. lus, § 107, 
adj. (non ullus,) no ; no one, 

Num, adv. : in translating direct 
questions, it is commonly 
omitted ; in indirect questions, 
it signifies whether, 

Numa, se, m. (Pompilius,) the 
second king of Rome, and the 
successor of Romulus, 

Numantia, ee, f. a city of Spain, 
ivhich was besieged by the Ro- 
mans for twenty years, 

Numantini, orum, m. pi. JYu- 
mantines ; the people of Nu- 
mantia. 

Numen, inis, n. (nuo,) a deity ; a 
god, 

Numero, are, avi, atum, a. to 
count ; to number ; to reckon ; 
from 

Numerus, i, m. a number, 

Numidse, arum, m. pi. the Nu- 
midians. 

Numidia, ae, f. a country of Africa. 

Numltor, oris, m. the father of 
Rhea Silvia, and grandfather 
of Romulus and Remus. 

Nummus, i, m. money. 

Nunc, adv. now: nunc etiam, 
even now ; still. 



Nuncupo, are, avi, atum, a. to 
name, 

Nunquam, (ne & unquam,) adv. 
never. 

Nuntiatus, a, um, part, from 

Nuntio or -cio, are, avi, atum, a. 
(nuntius,) to announce ; to tell. 

Nuptise, arum, f. pi. nuptials; 
marriage ; a wedding. 

Nusquam, adv. (ne & usquam,) 
nowhere ; in no place. 

Nutriendus, a, um, part, to be 
nourished. 

Nutrio, ire, ivi, itum, a. to nour- 
ish. 

Nutritus, a, um, part. 

Nutrix, icis, f. a nurse. 

Nympha, se, f. a nymph ; a god- 
dess presiding over fountains, 
groves, or rivers, &c 

O. 

O! int. O! ah! 

Ob, prep, for ; on account of; 

before, 
Obdormisco, -dormiscere, -dor- 

mivi, inc. (ob & dormisco,) to 

fall asleep ; to sleep. 
Obduco, -ducere, -duxi, -duc- 

tum, a. (ob & duco,) to draw 

over ; to cover over. 
Ob ductus, a, um, part, spread 

over ; covered over. 
Obedio, ire, ivi, itum, n. (ob & 

audio,) to obey; to comply 

with ; to be subject to. 
Obeo, ire, ivi & ii, itum, irr. n. 



OBERRO OCCIDENS. 



219 



& a. (ob & eo,) to go to ; to 

discharge ; to execute ; to die, 
Oberro, are, avi, atum, n. (ob & 

erro,) to wander; to wander 

about. 
Obltus, us, m. (obeo,) death. 
Objaceo, ere, ui, Itum, n. (ob & 

jaceo,) to lie against or be- 

fore ; to be opposite. 
Oojectus, a, um, part, thrown to, 

or in the way ; exposed. 
Objicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, a. 

(ob & jacio,) to throw before; 

to throw to ; to give ; to object ; 

to expose. 
Obllgo, are, avi, atum, a. (ob & 

ligo,) to bind ; to oblige ; to 

obligate. 
Oblique, adv. indirectly ; oblique- 
ly ; from 
Obllquus, a, um, adj. oblique ; in- 
direct ; sidewise. 
Oblitus, a, um, part forgetting ; 

hav ing forgotten. 
Obliviscor, oblivisci, oblitus sum, 

dep. to forget. 
Obnoxius, a, um, adj. obnoxious ; 

subject ; exposed to ; liable. 
Obruo, -ruere, -rui, -rutum, a. 

(ob & ruo,) to overwhelm ; to 

cover ; to bury. 
Obrutus, a, um, part burned; 

covered; overwhelmed. 
Obsouro, are, avi, atum, a. (ob- 

scurus,) to obscure ; to dark- 
en. 
Obsecro, are, avi, atum, a. (ob & 

sacro,) to beseech; to conjure. 
19 



Obsequor, -sequi, -secutus sum, 
dep. (ob & sequor,) to follow; 
to serve. 

Observo, are, avi, atum, a. (ob 
& servo,) to observe ; to 
watch. 

Obses, idis, c. (obsideo,) a hos- 
tage. 

Obsessus, a, um, part, besieged; 
from 

Obsideo, -sidere, -sedi, -sessum, 
a. (ob & sedeo,) to besiege ; to 
invest ; to blockade. 

Obsidio, onis, f. a siege. 

Obsidionalis, e, adj. belonging to 
a siege ; obsidional : corona, 
a crown given to him who had 
raised a siege. 

Obstetrix, Icis, f. a midwife. 

Obtestatus, a, um, part, from 

Obtestor, ari, atus sum, dep. (ob 
& testor,) to conjure; to be- 
seech ; to entreat. 

Obtineo, -tinere, -tinui, -tentum, 
a. (ob & teneo,) to hold; to re- 
tain ; to obtain : obtlnet sen- 
tentia, the opinio?! prevails. 

Obtulit ^ee Oflero. 

Obviam, adv. in the way ; meeU 
ing ; to meet : fio or eo obvi- 
am, I meet ; I go to meet. 

Occasio, onis, f. an occasion ; a 
good opportunity. 

Occasus, us, m. the setting of 
the heavenly bodies; the de- 
scent; evening; the west. 

Occldens, tis, m. the west ; the 
setting sun ; evening. 



220 



GCCIDENTALIS OLYMPIUS . 



Occidentals, e, adj. western ; oc- 
cidental. 

Occido, occidere, occidi, occisum, 
a. (ob & csedo,) to kill ; to 
slay ; to put to death. 

Occido, occidere, occidi, occa- 
sum, n. (ob & cado,) to fall; 
to fall down ; to set. 

Occisurus, a, um, part, (occido.) 

Occisus, a, um, part, (occido.) 

Occoecatus, a, um. part, from 

Occceco, are, avi, atum, a. to 
blind ; to dazzle. 

Occulto, are, avi, atum, freq. 
(occulo,) to conceal ; to hide. 

Occultor, ari, atus sum, pass, to 
be concealed; to hide one's 
self. 

Occupo, are, avi, atum, a. to oc- 
cupy ; to seize upon ; to take 
possession of. 

Occurro, -currere, -curri & -cu- 
curri, -cursum, n. (ob & cur- 
ro,) to meet ; to go to meet ; to 
encounter. 

Oceanus, i, m. the ocean; the 
sea. 

Octavianus, i, m. (Caesar,) the 
nephew and adopted son of 
Julius Ccesar, called, after the 
battle at Actium, Augustus. 

Octavus, a, um, num. adj. (octo,) 
eighth. 

Octingenti, se, a, num. adj. pi. 
eight hundred. 

Octo, ind. num. adj. pi. eight. 

Octoginta, ind. num. adj. pi. 
eighty. 



Oculus, i, m. an eye. 

Odi, odisse, def. pret. § 183, 1 ; 
to hate ; to detest. 

Odium, i, n. hatred. 

Odor, oris, m. a smell : pi. odores, 
odors ; perfumes. 

Odoror, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
smell. 

(Eneus, ei & eos, m. a king of 
Calydon, and father of Meled- 
ger and Dejanlra. 

(Enomaus, i, m. § 9 ; the name of 
a celebrated gladiator. 

CEta, se, m. a mountain in Thes- 
saly, on the borders of Do- 
ris. 

Ofrero, offerre, obtuli, oblatum, 
irr. a. (ob & fero, § 196, 7,) to 
offer; to present. 

Officina, ge, f. a work-shop ; an 
office. 

Officio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum, a. 
(ob & facio,) to stand in the 
way of; to injure ; to hurt. 

Officium, i, n. duty ; a kindness ; 
an obligation; politeness ; ci- 
vility ; attention. 

Olea, se, f. an olive-tree. 

Oleum, i, n. oil. 

Olim, adv. formerly ; sometime. 

Olor, oris, m. a swan. 

Olus, eris, n. herbs ; potherbs. 

Olympia, se, f. a town and dis- 
trict of the Peloponnesus, up- 
on the Alpheus. 

Olymplcus, a, um, adj. Olympic, 
pertaining to Olympia. 

Olympius, a, um, adj. Olympian 



OLYMPUS ORB IS 



221 



pertaining to Olympus or to 
Olympia. 

Olympus, i, m. a high mountain 
between Thessaly and Mace- 
don. 

Omen, inis, n. an omen ; a sign. 

Omnis, e, adj. all ; every ; every 
one : omnes, all : omnia, all 
things : with sine, it may sig- 
nify any ; as, sine omni dis- 
ci or dia, without any discord. 

Onus, eris, n. a burden ; a load. 

Onustus, a, um, adj. laden ; full 

of- 

Opera, se, f. labor; pains: dare 
operam alicui, to attend to a 
thing ; to devote one's self to 
it. 

Operor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
labor ; to work. 

Opimus, a, um, adj. (comp. ior,) 
rich ; fruitful ; fat ; dain- 
ty. 

Oportet, ere, uit, imp. it behoves ; 
it is meet, fit, or proper ; it is 
a duty ; we ought. 

Opptdum, i, n. a walled town ; a 
town. 

Oppono, -ponere, -posui, -posi- 
tum, a. (ob & pono,) to op- 
pose ; to set against. 

Opportunus, a, um, adj. (ior, is- 
simus,) seasonable; commodi- 
ous ; convenient ; favorable. 

Opposltus, a, um, part opposed; 
opposite. 

Opprfmo, -primere, pressi, -pres- 
sum, a. (ob & premo,) to op- 



press ; to overpower ; to sub- 
due. 

Oppugnatus, a, um, part, from 

Oppugno, are, avi, atum, a. (ob 
& pugno,) to assault; to be- 
siege ; to attempt to take by 
force ; to storm. 

(Ops, nom., not in use, § 94,) 
opis, gen. f. aid; help; means; 
assistance: opes, pi. wealth; 
riches ; resources ; power. 

Optlme, adv. (sup. of bene,) very 
well ; excellently ; best. 

Optlmus, a, um, adj. (sup. of bo- 
nus,) best ; most worthy. 

Optio, onis, f. a choice ; an op- 
tion; from 

Opto, are, avi, atum, a. to de- 
sire. 

Opulens, & Opulentus, a, um, 
adj. (ior, isslmus,) rich ; opu- 
lent; wealthy. 

Opus, eris, n. a work ; a labor ; 
a task. 

Ora, se, f. a coast; a shore. 

Ora, pi. See Os. 

Oraculum, i, n. (oro,) an oracle ; 
a response. 

Orans, tis, part (oro.) 

Oratio, onis, f. (oro,) a discourse ; 
an oration. 

Orator, oris, m. (oro,) an orator ; 
an ambassador. 

Orb atus, a, um, part, (orbo,) be 
reaved or deprived of. 

Orbelus, i, m. a mountain of 
Thrace or Macedonia. 

Orbis, is, m. an orb ; a circle : in 



222 



ORBO PACTUS. 



orbem jacere, to lie round in 
a circle : orbis, or orbis terra- 
rum, the world. 

Orbo, are, avi, atum, a. to de- 
prive ; to bereave of. 

Orcus, i, m, Pluto, the god of the 
lower world ; the infernal re- 
gions. 

OrdTrto, are, avi, atum, a. to or- 
der ; to ordain ; to arrange. 

Ordo, inis, m. order; arrange- 
ment; a row: ordines remo- 
rum, banks of oars. 

Oriens, tis, m. (orior,) the east; 
the morning. 

Oriens, part, (orior.) 

Orientalis, e, adj. eastern. 

Origo, mis, f. source ; origin : 
originem ducere, to derive 
one's origin ; from 

Orior, oriri, ortus sum, dep. § 177 ; 
to arise ; to begin ; to appear. 

Ornamentum, i, n. (orno,) an or- 
nament 

Ornatus, us, m. an ornament; 
from 

Orno, are, avi, atum, a. to adorn ; 
to deck. 

Oro, are, avi, atum, a. to beg; to 
entreat. 

Orodes, is, m, a king of Parthia, 
ivho took and destroyed Cr as- 
sies. 

Orpheus, e'i & eos, m. a cele- 
brated poet and musician of 
Thrace. 

Ortus, a, um, part, (orior,) having 
arisen ; risen ; bom ; begun. 



Ortus, us, m. a rising ; east. 

Os, oris, n. the mouth; the face. 

Os, ossis, n. a bone. 

Ossa, se, m. a high mountain in 
Thessaly. 

Ostendo, -tendere, -tendi, -ten- 
sum & tentum, a. (ob & 
tendo,) to show ; to point out; 
to exhibit. 

Ostia, se, f. a town, built by An- 
cus Marcius, at the mouth of 
the Tiber; from 

Ostium, i, n. a mouth of a river. 

Ostrea, 89, f. pi. ostrea, orum, n. 
an oyster. 

Otium, i, n. leisure ; quiet ; ease ; 
idleness. 

Otos, i, m. a son of Neptune, or 
of Moeus. 

Ovis, is, f. a sheep. 

Ovum, i, n. an egg. 



P., an abbreviation of Publius. 

Pabulum, i, n. (pasco, )food; fod- 
der. 

Paciscor, pacisci, pactus sum, 
dep. to make a compact; to 
form a treaty; to bargain; 
to agree. 

Pactolus, i, m. a river of Lydia, 
famous for its golden sands. 

Pactum, i, n. (paciscor,) an 
agreement ; a contract : quo 
pacto, in what manner 
how. 

Pactus, a, um, part, (paciscor 



PADUS PARTHUS. 



223 



Padus, j, m. the largest river of 
Italy, now the Po. 

PsBne, or Pene, adv. almost; 
nearly. 

Palea, se, f. chaff. 

Palma, se, f. the palm of the 
hand; a palm-tree. 

Palpebra, ae, f. the eyelid : pi. the 
eyelashes. 

Palus, udis, f. a marsh ; a swamp; 
a lake. 

Paluster, palustris, palustre, adj. 
marshy. 

Pan, Panis, m. the god of shep- 
herds. 

Pando, pandere, pansum & pas- 
sum, a. to open; to expand; 
to spread out. 

Panionium, i, n. a sacred place 
near mount Mycale in Io- 
nia. 

Panis, is, m. bread. 

Panthera, se, f. a panther. 

Papirius, i, in. the name of sever- 
al Romans. 

Papyrus, d. g. & Papyrum, i, n. 
an Egyptian plant or reed, 
of which paper was made ; the 
papyrus. 

Paratus, a, um, part. & adj. (ior, 
isslmus,) (paro,) prepared; 
ready. 

Parcae, arum, f. pi. the Fates. 

Parco, parcere, peperci or parsi, 
to spare. 

Pardus, i, m. a male panther ; a 
para\ 

Parens, tis, c. (pario,) a parent; 
19* 



father; mother; creator; au- 
thor; inventor. 

Pareo, ere, ui, n. to obey ; to be 
subject to. 

Paries, etis, m. a wall. 

Pario, parere, peperi, partum, a. 
to bear; to bring forth ; to 
cause; to produce; to obtain; 
to gain : ovum, to lay an 

Paris, Idis or idos, m. a son of 
Priam, king of Troy, and the 
brother of Hector. 

Pariter, adv. in like manner; 
equally ; at the same time. 

Parnassus, i, m. a mountain of 
Phocis, whose two summits 
were sacred to Apollo and 
Bacchus, and upon which the 
Muses were fabled to reside. 

Paro, are, avi, atum, a. to pre- 
pare ; to provide ; to procure ; 
to obtain ; to equip : parare 
insidias, to lay plots against. 

Paropamisus, i, m. a ridge of 
mountains in the north of In- 
dia. 

Pars, tis, f. apart; a share; a 
portion ; a region ; a party : 
magnam partem, for the most 
part : in utraque parte, on 
each side : magna, ex parte, 
in a great measure ; for the 
most part. 

Parsimonia, se, f. (pasco,) fru- 
gality. 

Parthus, 1, m. an inliabitant of 
Parthia ; a Parthian. 



224 



P ARTICUL A P AULL US . 



Particula, se, f. dim. (pars,) a 
particle ; a small part. 

Partiendus, a, um,part. (partior.) 

Partim, adv. (pars,) partly ; in 
part 

Partior, Iri, Itus sum, dep. (pars,) 
to divide ; to share. 

Partus, a, um, part, (pario.) 

Partus, us, m. a birth ; offspring. 

Parum, adv. (minus, minime, 
§ 174,) little ; too little. 

Parvulus, a, um, dim. adj. small ; 
very small ; from 

Parvus, a, um, adj. (minor, mini- 
mus, § 125, 5,) small or little ; 
less ; the least. 

Pasco, pascere, pavi, pastum, a. 
to feed. 

Pascor, pasci, pastus sum, dep. 
to feed ; to graze ; to feed 
upon. 

Passer, eris, m. a sparrow. 

Passim, adv. here and there; 
every where; in every direc- 
tion. 

Passurus, a, um, part, (patior.) 

Passus, a, um, part, (patior,) hav- 
ing suffered. 

Passus, a, um, part, (pando,) 
stretched out ; hungup; dried: 
uva passa, a raisin. 

Passus, us, m. a;pace ; a measure 
of 5 feet : mille passuum, a 
mile or 5000 feet. 

Pastor oris, m. (pasco,) a shep- 
herd. 

Patefacio, facere, feci, factum, 
a. (pateo & facio,) to open; 



to disclose; to discover < k> 
detect. 

Patefio, fieri, factus sum, </r. 
§ 180, N. ; to be laid open or 
discovered. 

Patefactus, a, um, part, opened ; 
discovered. 

Patens, tis, part. & adj. lying 
open; open; clear; from 

Pateo, ere, ui, n. to be open ; to 
stand open ; to extend. 

Pater, tris, m. a father : patre% 
fathers ; senators : paterfa- 
milias, patrisfamilias, § 91 ; 
the master of a family; a 
housekeeper. 

Paternus, a, um, adj. paternal. 

Patientia, se, f. patience ; hairi- 
ness ; from 

Patior, pati, passus sum, dep. to 
suffer ; to endure ; to let ; to 
allow. 

P atria, se, f. (patrius,) one's na- 
tive country; one's birthplace. 

Patrimonium, i, n. (pater,) patri- 
mony; inheritance. 

Patrocinium, i, n. patronage; 
from 

Patronus, i, m. (pater,) a patron; 
protector. 

Patruelis, is, c. a cousin (by the 
father's side.) 

Pauci, 39, a, adj. ipl.few ; a few. 

Paulatim, adv. gradually ; little 
by little. 

Paulo, or Paullo, adv. a little. 

Paululum, adv. a little. 

Paullus, or Paulus, i, m, a cog- 



PAUPER PERCONTOR. 



225 



nomen or surname in the 

JEmilian tribe. 
Pauper, eris, adj. (ior, rimus,) 

poor. 
Pauperies, ei, f. poverty. 
Paupertas, atis, f. poverty; in- 
digence. 
Paveo, pavere, pavi, n. to fear; 

to be afraid. 
Pavo, onis, c. a peacock. 
Pax, pacis, f. peace. 
Pecco, are, avi, atum, n. to sin ; 

to commit a fault. 
Pecto, pectere, pexi & pexui, 

pexum, a. to comb ; to dress. 
Pectus, oris, n. the breast. 
Pecunia, se, f. money ; a sum of 

money. 
Pecus, udis, f. a sheep ; a beast. 
Pecus, oris, n. cattle; a herd; a 

flock. 
Pedes, itis, c. (pes,) one on foot ; 

afoot-soldier. 
Pelagus, i, n. the sea. 
Peleus, i, m. a king of Thes- 

saly, the son of JEacus, and 

father of Achilles. 
Pelias, se, m. a king of Thessa- 

ly, and son of JYeptune. 
Peligni, orum, m. pi. a people of 

Italy, whose counti~y lay be- 
tween the Aternus and the 

Sagrus. 
Pelion, i, n. a lofty mountain in 

Thessaly. 
Pellicio, -licere, -lexi, -lectum, 

a. (per & lacio,) to allure ; to 

entice ; to inmte. 



Pellis, is, f. the skin. 

Pello, pellere, pepuli, pulsum, a. 
to drive away ; to banish ; to 
expel ; to dispossess ; to beat. 

Peloponnesus, i, f. a peninsula 
of Greece, now called the 
Morea. 

Pelusium, i, n. a town of Egypt 

Pendens, tis, part, hanging ; im- 
pending. 

Pendeo, pendere, pependi, pen- 
sum, n. to hang. 

Pene, adv. almost. 

Penetrale, is, n. the inner part 
of a house. 

Penetro, are, avi, atum, (penltus,) 
a. to penetrate ; to enter. 

Peneus, i, m. the principal river 
of Thessaly, flowing between 
Ossa and Olympus. 

Peninsula, 89, f. (pene & insula,) 
a peninsula. 

Penna, se, f. a feather ; a quill; 
a wing. 

Pensllis, e, adj. (pendeo,) hang- 
ing ; pendent. 

Permria, se, f. want ; scarcity. 

Peperci. See Parco. 

Pepuli. See Pello. 

Peperi. See Pario. 

Per, prep, by; through; for; 
during; along. 

Pera, se, f. a wallet; a bag. 

Peragro, are, avi, atum, n. (per 
& ager,) to travel through; 
to go through or over. 

Percontor & -cunctor, ari, atua 
sum, dep. to ask ; to inquire 



226 



PERCUNCTATUS PERMUTO. 



Percunctatus, a, um, part (per- 
cunctor.) 

Percussor, oris, m. a murderer; 
an assassin ; one who wounds ; 
from 

Percutio,-cutere, cussi,-cussum, 
a. (per & quatio,) to strike; 
to wound : securi, to behead, 

Perdite, adv. very; vehemently; 
exceedingly; desperately; from 

Perditus, a, um, part & adj. 
(per do,) ruined; lost; un- 
done; desperate, 

Perdix, icis, f. a partridge, 

Perdo, -dere, -didi, -dltum, a. 
(per & do,) to ruin ; to lose ; 
to destroy, 

Perduco, -ducere, -duxi, -duc- 
tum, a. (per & duco,) to lead 
to, 

Perductus, a, um, part, brought; 
led; conducted. 

Perigrinatio, orris, f. foreign trav- 
el ; a residence in a foreign 
country, 

Peregrinus, a, um, adj. foreign, 

Perennis, e, adj. (per & annus,) 
continual ; lasting ; unceas- 
ing ; everlasting; perennial. 

Pereo, -Ire, -ii, -Itum, irr. n. 
to perish; to be slain; to be 
lost, 

Perfidia, se, f. perfidy ; from 

Perfidus, a, um, adj. (per & 
fides,) perfidious, 

Pergamum, i, n., & -us, i, f., pi. 
-a, orum, n. the citadel of 
Troy; also, a city of Mysia* 



situated upon the river Cat- 
cus. It was here that parch- 
ment was first made, which 
is hence called membrana Per- 
gami. 

Pergo, pergfcre, perrexi, perrec- 
tum, n. (per & rego,) to ad- 
vance ; to continue. 

Pericles, is, m. an eminent orator 
and statesman of Athens. 

Periculosus, a, um, adj. danger- 
ous ; perilous ; hazardous ; 
from 

Periculum, & Periclum, i, n. 
danger; peril. 

Periturus, a, um, part (pere©.) 

Peritus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
skilful; experienced, 

Permeo, are, avi, atum, n. (per & 
meo,) to go through; to fiow 
through ; to penetrate ; toper 
meate. 

Permisceo, -miscere, -miscui, 
-mistum & -mixtum, a. (per 
& misceo,) to mix ; to min- 
gle, 

Permistus, a, um, part, mixed; 
mingled; confused, 

Permitto, -mittere, -misi, -mis- 
sum, a. (per & mitto,) to com- 
mit ; to intrust ; to permit ; 
to allow ; to give leave to ; 
to grant, 

Permutatio, orris, f. exchange ; 
change; from 

Permuto, are, avi, atum, a. (per 
& muto,) to change; to ex- 
change. 



PERNIC1ES PETKEA. 



227 



Pernicies, ei, £ (pern£co,)des£ruc- 
tion ; extermination, 

Perniciosus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) pernicious ; hurtful. 

Perpendo, -pendere, -pendi, -pen- 
sum, a. (per & pendo,) to 
ponder ; to weigh ; to consid- 
er. 

Perperam, adv. wrong; amiss; 
rashly ; unjustly ; absurdly ; 
falsely. 

Perpetior, -peti, -pessus sum, 
dep. (per & patior,) to bear ; 
to suffer; to endure. 

Perpetuus, a, um, adj. perpetual ; 
constant. 

Perrexi. See Pergo. 

Persa, eg, m. a Persian; an in- 
habitant of Persia. 

Persecutus, a, um, part, from 

Persequor, -sequi, -secutus sum, 
dep. (per & sequor,) to pur- 
sue ; to follow; to continue ; 
to persevere in ; to perse- 
cute. 

Perseus, ei & eos, m. the son of 
Jupiter and Danae ; also, the 
last king of Macedon. 

Perslcus, a, urn, adj. of Persia ; 
Persian. 

Perspicio, -spicere, -spexi, -spec- 
turn, a. (per & specio,) to see 
through; to discern ; to become 
acquainted with ; to discover. 

Persuadeo, -suadere, -suasi, -sua- 
sum, a. (per & suadeo,) to 
persuade. 

Perterreo, -terrere, -terrui, -terrl- 



tum, a. (per & terreo,) to 
frighten greatly. 
Perterrltus, a, um, part, affright 

ed ; discouraged. 
Pertinaclter, adv. (ius, isslme,) 

obstinately ; constantly ; per- 

stveringly. 
Pertlnax, acis, adj. (ior, issimus, 

obstinate; wilful. 
Pertineo, -tinere, -tinui, n. (per 

& teneo,) to extend ; to reach 

to. 
Pervenio, -venire, -veni, -ventum, 

n. (per & venio,) to come to ; 

to arrive at ; to reach. 
Pervenltur, pass. imp. one comes ; 

they come; we come, &c. 
Pervius, a, um, adj. (per & via,) 

pervious ; which may be pass- 
ed through ; passable. 
Pes, pedis, m. afoot. 
Pessum, adv. down; under foot , 

to the bottom. 
Pestilentia, se, f. (pestllens,) a 

pestilence ; a plague. 
Petens, tis, part, (peto.) 
Petitio, onis, f. a petition ; a can- 
vassing or soliciting for an 

office ; from 
Peto, ere, ivi, itum, a. to ask ; to 

request ; to attack ; to assail ; 

to go to ; to seek ; to go for ; 

to derive; to bring. 
Petra, se, f. the metropolis of 

Arabia Petraa. 
Petra? a, 89, f. (Arabia,) Arabia 

Petrcea, the northern part of 

Arabia, south of Palestine. 



228 



PETULANTIA PINGO. 



Petulantia, ae, f. petulance ; inso- 
lence ; mischievousness ; wan- 
tonness. 

Phaeax, acis, m. a Phceacian, or 
inhabitant of Phaacia, now 
Corfu. The Phceacians were 
famous for luxury. 

Phalerae, arum, f. pi. the trappings 
of a horse ; habiliments. 

Pharos, i, f. a small island at the 
western mouth of the Nile, on 
which ivas a tower or light- 
house, esteemed one of the sev- 
en wonders of the world. 

Pharsalus, i, m. a city of Thes- 
saly. 

Pharnaces, is, m. a son of Mith- 
ridates, king of Pontus. 

Phasis, Idis & is, f. a town and 
river of Colchis, on the east 
side of the Euxine. 

Phidias, ae, m. a celebrated Athe- 
nian statuary. 

Philaeni, orum, m. pi. two Car- 
thaginian brothers, who suf- 
fered themselves to be buried 
alive, for the purpose of estab- 
lishing the controverted boun- 
dary of their country. 

Philippi, orum, m. pi. a city of 
Macedon, on the confines of 
Thrace. 

Philipplcus, a, urn, adj. belonging 
to Philippi. 

Philippldes, ae, m. a comic poet. 

Philippus, i, m. Philip ; the father 
of Alexander ; also, the son of 
Demetrius. 



Philomela, ae, f. a nightingale 

Philosophia, ae, f. philosophy. 

Philosdphus, i, m. a philosopher 
a lover of learning and wis- 
dom. 

Phineus, i, m. a king of Arcadia, 
and priest of Apollo. 

Phocaei, orum, m. pi. the Pho- 
caans ; inhabitants of Pho- 
ccea, a maritime city of Ionia. 

Phocis, idis, f. a country of 
Greece. 

Phoenice, es, f. Phoenicia, a mar- 
itime country of Syria, north 
of Palestine. 

Phoenix, icis, m. a Phoenician. 

Phryx, ygis, m. a Phrygian ; an 
inhabitant of Phrygia. 

Picentes, ium, m. pi. the inhabit- 
ants of Picenum. 

Picenum, i, n. a country of Italy. 

Pictus, a, um, part, (pingo,) 
painted ; embroidered : picta 
tabula, a picture ; a painting. 

Pietas, atis, f. (pius,) piety ; filial 
duty. 

Pignus, oris, n. a pledge; a 
pawn; security; assurance. 

Pila, ae, f. a ball. 

Pileus, i, m. a hat ; a cap. 

Pilus, i, m. the hair. 

Pindarus, i, m. Pindar, a The- 
ban, the most eminent of the 
Greek lyric poets. 

Pingo, pingere, piuxi, pictum, a. 
to paint ; to depict ; to deline- 
ate ; to draw ; to represent in 
painting ; acu, to embroider. 



PINGUIS POETA. 



229 



pinguis, e, ad}, fat; fertile ; rich. 

Pinna, 39, f. a fin. 

Piraseus, i, m. the principal port 
and arsenal of Athens. 

Pirata, 89, m. a pirate. 

Piscator, oris, m. a fisherman. 

Piscis, is, m. a fish. 

Pisistratus, i, m. an Athenian ty- 
rant, distinguished for his elo- 
quence. 

Pistrimim, i, n. a mill. 

Pius, i, m. an agnomen, or sur- 
name of Metellus. 

Pius, a, um, adj. pious, dutiful, 
or affectionate to parents. 

Placeo, ere, ui, Itum, n. to please : 
sibi, to be vain or proud of; to 
plume one's self. 

Placet, placuit, or placitum est, 
imp. it pleases ; it is determin- 
ed ; it seems good to. 

Placldus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
placid ; quiet ; still ; tranquil ; 
mild; gentle. 

Plaga, 89, f. a blow; a wound: 
plag39, pi. nets ; toils. 

Plane, adv. entirely ; totally ; 
plainly. 

Planta, 39, f. a plant. 

Platanus, i, f. the plane-tree. 

Plate a, 39, f. a species of bird, the 
spoonbill, 

Plato, onis, m. an Athenian, one 
of the most celebrated of the 
Grecian philosophers. 

Plaustrum, i, n. a cart; a wag- 
on. 

Plebs, & Plebes, is, f. the peo- 



ple ; the common people ; the 

plebeians. 
Plecto, plectere, — plexum, a. to 

punish ; to weave. 
Plerique, pleragque, pleraque, 

adj. pi. most ; the most ; many. 
Plerumque, adv. commonly ; gen 

erally ; for the most part ; 

sometimes. 
Plinius, i, m. Pliny ; the name of 

two distinguished Roman au- 
thors. 
Plotinus, 1, m. See Catienus. 
Plumb e us, a, um, adj. of lead ; 

leaden; from 
Plumbum, i, n. lead. 
Pluo, pluere, plui or pluvi, n. to 

rain. 
Plurimus, a, um, adj. (sup. of 

multus,) very much ; most ; 

very many. 
Plus, uris, adj. (n. in sing., comp. 

of multus, §§ 125, 5, & 110,) 

more : pi. many. 
Plus, adv. (comp. of multum,) 

more; longer. 
Pluto, onis, m. a son of Saturn, 

and king of the infernal re- 
gions. 
Poculum, i, n. a cup. 
Poema, atis, n. a poem. 
Po9na, 89, f. a punishment. 
Po9nItet, ere, uit, imp. it repents : 

poenitet me, J repent. 
Po9nus, a, um, adj. belonging to 

Carthage ; Carthaginian :— 

subs, a Carthaginian. 
Poeta, 39 v m. a poet. 



230 



POL, POST. 



Pol, adv. by Pollux ; truly. 

Pollex, Icis, m. the thumb; the 
great toe. 

Polliceor, eri, ftus sum, dep. to 
promise. 

Pollicltus, a, um, part. 

Pollux, ucis, m. a son of Leda, 
and twin brother of Castor. 

Polyxena, se, f. a daughter of 
Priam and Hecuba. 

Pomifer, era, erum, adj. (pomum 
& fero,) bearing fruit : pomif- 
erse arbores, fruit-trees. 

Pompa, se, f. a procession ; pomp ; 
parade. 

Pompeianus, a, um, adj. belong- 
ing to Pompey. 

Pompeius,i,m. Pompey; the name 
of a Roman gens, or clan,frpm 
which sprang many distin- 
guished individuals : (Cneius,) 
a distinguished Roman, sur- 
named the Great. 

Pompilius, i, m. See Numa. 

Pomum, i, n. an apple ; any edi- 
ble fruit growing upon a tree. 

Pondus, eris, n. a weight. 

Pono, ponere, posui, positum, a. 
to place ; to put ; to set. 

Pons, tis, m. a bridge. 

Pontius, i, m. (Thelesinus,) a 
general of the Samnites. 

Pontus, i, m. a sea: by synec- 
doche, the Euxine or Black 
sea ; also, the kingdom of 
Pontus, on the south of the 
Euxine. 

Poposci. See Posco. 



Populor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
lay waste ; to depopulate ; 
from 

Populus, i, m. the people ; a na- 
tion ; a tribe : pi. nations ; 
tribes. 

Porrectus, a, um, part, from 

Porrlgo, igere, exi, ectum, a. 
(porro & rego,) to reach or 
spread out ; to extend ; to of- 
fer. 

Porsena, se, m. a king ofEtru- 
ria. 

Porta, se, f. a gate. 

Portans, tis, part, (porto.) 

Portendo, -tendere, -tendi, -ten- 
turn, a. (porro & tendo,) to 
presage; to forebode; to por- 
tend; to betoken. 

Porticus, us, f. a portico ; a gal- 
lery ; a porch. 

Porto, are, avi, atum, a. to cairy ; 
to bear. 

Portus, us, m. a port ; a harbor. 

Posco, poscere, poposci, a. to de- 
mand ; to earnestly request. 

Positus, a, um, part, (pono,) situ- 
ated. 

Possessio, onis, f. possession. 

Possessor, oris, m. a possessor : 
an occupant ; from 

Possideo, -sidere, -sedi, -sessum, 
a. to possess. 

Possum, posse, potui, irr. n. (po- 
tis & sum, § 154, 6,) to be 
able ; I can. 

Post, prep, after : — adv. after, of 
ter that ; afterwards. 



POSTEA PRECIPUUS. 



231 



Postea, adv. afterwards, 

Postera,erum, adj. § 125, 4,(erior, 
remus,) succeeding ; subse- 
quent ; next : in posterum, 
(supply tempus,) for the fu- 
ture : posteri, orum, (§ 205, 
R. 7, (1); posterity, 

Postis, is, m. a post. 

Postquam, adv. after ; after that ; 
since, 

Postremo & -um, adv. at last; 
finally; from 

Postremus, a, um, adj. (sup. of 
postera, § 125, 4,) the last: 
ad postremum, at last, 

Postulo, are, avi, atum, a. (posco,) 
to ask; to ask for; to de- 
mand, 

Postumius, i, m. the name of a 
Roman gens or clan: (Spu- 
rius,) a consul defeated by the 
Samnites, at the Caudine 
Forks. 

Posui. See Pono. 

Potens, tis, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
powerful, 

Potentia, se, f. power; authority; 
government 

Potestas, atis, f. (potis,) power. 

Potio, onis, f. (poto,) a drink ; a 
draught. 

Potior, iri, itus sum, dep. to 
get; to possess; to obtain; 
to enjoy ; to gain possession 

of- 
Potissimum, adv. (sup. of potius,) 
principally ; chiefly ; especial- 
ly. 

20 



Potitus, a, um, part, (potior,) 

having obtained. 
Potius, adv. comp. (sup. potissi- 

mum,) rather. 
Poto, potare, potavi, potatum or 

potum, a. to drink. 
Potuisse. See Possum. 
Potus, us, m. drink. 
Prse, prep, before ; for ; in com- 

parison of. or with. 
Praealtus, a, um, adj. very high 

or lofty, very deep. 
Prsebeo, ere, ui, Itum, a. (prse & 

habeo,) to offer ; to supply ; 

to give ; to afford : speciem, 

to exhibit the appearance of: 

usum, to serve for. 
Prsecedens, tis, part from 
Prsecedo, -cedere, -cessi, -ces- 

sum, a. (prse & cedo,) to pre- 
cede ; to go before. 
Prseceptor, oris, m. (prsecipio,) a 

preceptor, master, or teacher. 
Prseceptum, i, n. (prsecipio,) a 

precept ; a doctrine ; advice. 
Prsecido, -cidere, -cidi, -cisum 

a. (prse & csedo,) to cut off. 
Praecipio, -cipere, -cepi, -cep- 

tum, a. (prse & capio,) to pre 

scribe ; to command. 
Praecipito, are, avi, atum, a. (prse- 

ceps,) to throw ; to throw 

down ; to precipitate. 
Prsecipue, adv. especially ; par- 
ticularly ; from 
Praecipuus, a, um, adj. especial? 

distinguished; the chief; the 

principal. 



232 



PR^CLARE PR.&TENDO. 



Preeclare, adv. excellently ; fa- 
mously ; gloriously ; from 

Preeclarus, a, um, adj. famous. 

Preecludo, -cludere, -clusi, -clu- 
sum, a. (pree & claudo,) to 
close ; to stop ; to shut up. 

Preeco, onis, m. a herald. 

Prse da, 89, f. booty ; the prey. 

Preedlco, are, avi, atum, a. (pree 
& dlco,) to praise ; to declare ; 
to assert; to affirm. 

Preedlco, cere, xi, ctum, a. (prse 
& dico,) to predict ; to fore- 
tell. 

Prsedictus, a, um, part, foretold. 

Preedor, ari, atus sum, dep. (pree- 
da,) to plunder. 

Preefans, tis, part, from 

Preefari, fatus, def. § 183, 6; to 
foretell ; to announce ; to pre- 
dict. 

Preefero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, 
irr. a. (pree & fero,) to prefer ; 
to bear before. 

Prsefinio, ire, ivi, itum, a. (pra3 
& finio,) to appoint; to de- 
termine. 

Preefinitus, a, um, part. 

Prgelatus, a, um, part (praBfero.) 

Praelians, tis, part, (preelior.) 

Praaliatus, a, um, part, from 

Preelior, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
give battle ; to engage ; to 
fight. 

Preelium, i, n. a battle. 

PrEemium, i, n. a reward; a 
prize. 

Prasmitto -mittere, -misi, -mis- 



sum, a. (pree & mitto,) to send 
before. 

Preeneste, is, n. a city ofLatium. 

Preenuntio, are, avi, atum, a. 
(pree & nuntio,) to announce; 
to tell beforehand ; to signify ; 
to give notice. 

Preeparo, are, avi, atum, a, (pree 
& paro,) to prepare ; to make 
ready ; to make. 

Preepono, -ponere, -posui, -posi- 
tum, a. (pree & pono,) to set 
before ; to value more ; to 
place over ; to prefer. 

Preesens, tis, adj. present ; immi- 
nent. 

Preesepe, is, n. a manger ; a 
crib. 

Preesidium, i, n. a gairison; 
defence. 

Preestans, tis, part. & adj. (ior, 
issimus,) (preesto,) excellent; 
distinguished. 

Preestantia, ee, f. superiority ; an 
advantage ; a preeminence. 

Preesto, stare, stiti, n. & a. (pree 
& sto,) to stand before ; to 
perform ; to pay ; to grant ; 
to give ; to render ; to execute : 
to cause ; to excel ; to be su- 
perior ; to surpass : se, to 
show or prove one's self: 
preestat, imp. it is better. 

Preesum, -esse, -fui, irr. n. (pree 
& sum,) to be over; to preside 
over; to have the charge or 
command of; to rule over. 

Preetendo, -tendere, -tendi, -ten- 



PRATER PRO. 



233 



sum or turn, a. (prae & tendo,) 
to hold before ; to stretch or 
extend before ; to be opposite 
to; to pretend. 

Praeter, prep, besides; except; 
contrary to. 

Praeterea, adv. (praeter & ea,) be- 
sides; moreover. 

Praetereo, ire, ii, Itum, irr. a. 
§ 182, 3, (praeter & eo,) to 
pass over or by ; to go beyond ; 
to omit ; not to mention. 

Praetereundus, a, um, part, (prae- 
tereo.) 

Praeteriens, euntis, part, (prae- 
tereo.) 

Praeteritus, a, um, part, (prae- 
tereo.) past. 

Praeterquam, adv. except; be- 
sides: praeterquam si, except 
in case. 

Praetorius, i, m. (vir,) a man who 
has been a prador; one of 
prcetorian dignity. 

Pratum, i, n. a meadow ; a pas- 
ture. 

Pravitas, atis, f. depravity ; from 

Pravus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
depraved; bad. 

Precatus, a, um, part, (precor.) 

Preci, -em, -e, f. (prex not used, 
§ 94,) ap-ayer: pi. preces. 

Precor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
pray ; to entreat. 

Premo, premere, pressi, pressum, 
a. to press; to grieve; to 
urge. 

Pretiosus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- ] 



mus,) precious ; valuable ; 
costly; from 

Pretium, i, n. a price ; a ransom ; 
a reward : in pretio esse, to 
be valued; to be in estima- 
tion. 

Priamus, i, m. Priam, the last 
king of Troy. 

Pridie, adv. the day before. 

Priene, es, f. a maritime town of 
Ionia. 

Primo & -um, adv. (sup. of pri- 
us,) first; at first: quum pri- 
mum, as soon as. 

Primoris, e, adj. the first ; the 
foremost: dentes, the front 
teeth. 

Primus, a, um, num. adj. the 
first. 

Princeps, ipis, adj. (primus & ca- 
pio,) the chief; the first : prin- 
clpes, the princes ; the chiefs ; 
chief men. 

Principatus, us, m. a govern- 
ment; principality. 

Priscus, i, m. a cognomen or 
surname of the elder Tar- 
quin. 

Prior, us, adj. (sup. primus, 
§ 126, 1,) the former ; prior ; 
first. 

Prius, adv. before ; prior ; first 

Priusquam, adv. sooner than ; be- 
fore that ; before. 

Privatus, a, um, adj. (privo,) pri- 
vate ; secret : — subs, a pri- 
vate man. 

Pro, prep, for ; instead of. 



234 



PROBABILIS PROLAPSUS. 



Probabilis, e, adj. (probo,) proba- 
ble. 

Proboscis, idis, f. proboscis ; the 
trunk of an elephant. 

Procas, ge, m. See Silvius. 

Procedens, tis, part from 

Procedo, -cedere, -cessi, -ces- 
sum, n. (pro & cedo,) to pro- 
ceed; to go forth; to go for- 
ward ; to advance ; to go 
out. 

Proceritas, atis, f. stature; 
height ; tallness ; length ; 
from 

Procerus, a, urn, adj. tall ; long. 

Proclamo, are, avi, atum, n. (pro 
& clamo,) to cry out ; to pro- 
claim. 

Proconsul, ulis, m. (pro & con- 
sul,) a proconsul. 

Procreo, are, avi, atum, a. (pro 
& creo,) to beget. 

Procul, adv./ar. 

Procuro, are, avi, atum, a. (pro 
& euro,) to take care of; to 
manage. 

Procurro, currere, curri & cu- 
curri, cursum, n. (pro & cur- 
ro,) to run forward; to jut 
out; to extend. 

Prodigium, i, n. a prodigy. 

Prodltor, oris, m. (prodo,) a trai- 
tor. 

Prodltus, a, um, part, from 

Prodo, -dere, -dldi, -ditum, a. 
(pro & do,) to betray; to re- 
late ; to discover ; to disclose ; 
to manifest. 



Prcslior, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
fight; from 

Prcelium, i, n. a battle. 

Profectus, a, um, part, (proficis- 
cor.) 

Proficiscens, tis, part, from 

Proficiscor, icisci, ectus sum, 
dep. (pro & facio,) to march ; 
to travel ; to depart ; to go. 

Profiteor, -fiteri, -fessus sum, dep. 
(pro & fateor,) to declare ; to 
avow publicly ; to profess : 
sapientiam, to profess wis- 
dom; to profess to be a phi- 
losopher. 

Profugio, -fugere, -fugi, -fugi- 
tum, n. (pro & fugio,) to flee ; 
to escape. 

Profugus, a, um, adj. fleeing ; es- 
caping : — subs, a fugitive ; an 
exile. 

Progredior, -gredi, -gressus sum, 
dep. (pro & gradior,) to go for- 
ward; to proceed; to advance. 

Progressus, a, um, part, having 
advanced. 

Prohibeo, ere, ui, ltum, a. (pre? <& 
habeo,) to prohibit; tohind^ 
to forbid. 

Prohibltus, a, um, part. 

Projicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, a. 
(pro & jacio,) to throw away ; 
to throiv down ; to ihroio. 

Prolabor, -labi, -lapsus sum, dep. 
(pro & labor,) to fall down; to 
fall fonoard. 

Prolapsus, a, um, part, having 
fallen. 



PROLATO PROSTERNO. 



235 



Prolato, are, avi, atum, a. (prof- 
ero,) to enlarge; to extend; 
to amplify. 

Proles, is, f. a race ; offspring, 

Prometheus, i, m. the son of la- 
petus and Clymene. 

Promittens, tis, part, from 

Promitto, -mittere, -misi, -mis- 
sum, a. (pro & mitto,) to prom- 
ise ; to offer. 

Promontorium, i, n. (pro & mons,) 
a promontory ; a headland; a 
cape. 

Promoveo, -movere, -movi, -mo- 
tum, n. & a. (pro & moveo,) 
to move forward ; to enlarge. 

Pronus, a, um, adj. inclined. 

Prop ago, are, avi, atum, a. to 
propagate ; to prolong ; to 
continue. 

Prope, adv.& prep, (propius, prox- 
ime,) near ; near to ; nigh. 

Propero, are, avi, atum, n. to has- 
ten. 

Propinquus, a, um, adj. (prope,) 
near; related : propinqui, subs. 
relations; kinsmen, 

Propior, us, adj. comp. § 126, 1 ; 
(proxlmus, sup.) nearer. 

Propius, adv. nearer; comp. of 
prope. 

Propono, -ponere, -posui, -posi- 
tum, a. (pro & pono,) to set 
before ; to propose ; to offer. 

Proponor, -poni, -positus sum, 
pass, to be set before : pro- 
posltum est mihi, / intend or 
purpose. 

20* 



Propontis, idis, f. the sea of Mar- 
mora. 

Propositus, a, um, part, proposed; 
put. 

Propria, adv. peculiarly ; partic- 
ularly ; properly ; strictly. 

Proprius, a, um, adj. peculiar ; 
proper ; one's own ; special. 

Propter, prep./or ; on account of. 

Propulso, are, avi, atum, freq. 
(propello,) to drive away; to 
ward off; to repel. 

Propylaeum, i, n. the porch of a 
temple ; an entrance, the rows 
of columns leading to the A- 
cropolis at Athens. 

Prora, ae, f. the prow of a ship. 

Proscribo, -scribere, -scripsi, 
-scriptum, a. (pro & scribo,) 
to proscribe ; to outlaw ; to 
doom to death and confiscation 
of goods. 

Prose cutus, a, um, part having 
accompanied. 

Prosequor, -sequi, -secutus sum, 
dep. (pro & sequor,) to accom- 
pany ; to attend ; to follow ; 
to celebrate: honoribus, to 
heap or load with honors ; to 
honor. 

Proserpina, se, f. the daughter of 
Ceres and Jupiter, and wife 
of Pluto. 

Prospectus, us, m. (prospicio,) a 
prospect ; a distant view. 

Prospere, adv. (prosper,) prosper 
ously ; successfully. 

Prosterno, -sternere, -stravu 



236 



PROSTRATUS PUGNO. 



-stratum, a. (pro & sterno,) 
to prostrate ; to throw down, 

Prostratus, a, um, part (proster- 
no.) 

Prosum, prodesse, profui, irr. n. 
(pro & sum, § 154, 5,) to do 
good ; to profit 

Protagoras, se, m. a Greek phi- 
losopher. 

Protenus, adv. (pro & tenus,) im- 
mediately; directly. 

Protero, -terere, -trivi, -tritum, a. 
(pro & tero,) to trample upon ; 
to tread down ; to crush. 

Protractus, a, um, part, from 

Protraho, -trahere, -traxi, -trac- 
tum, a. (pro & traho,) to pro- 
tract ; to prolong. 

Proveniens, tis, part, from 

Provenio, -venire, -veni, -ven- 
tum, n. (pro & venio,) to come 
forth. 

Provincia, se, f. a province. 

Provocatio, onis, f. a provoca- 
tion ; a challenge ; from 

Provoco, are, avi, atum, a. (pro 
& voco,) to call forth ; to call 
out ; to defy or challenge ; to 
appeal. 

Proxime, adv. (sup. of prope,) 
nearest ; very near ; next to. 

Proximus, a, um, adj. (sup. of 
propior,) nearest ; next. 

Prudens, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
prudent ; ivise ; expert. 

Prudentia, se, f. prudence; knowl- 
edge. 

Pseudophilippus, i, m. a false or 



pretended Philip, a name giv- 
en to Andriscus. 

Psittacus, i, m. a parrot. 

Psophidius, a, um, adj. of or be- 
longing to Psophis ; Psophid- 
ian. 

Psophis, Idis, f. a city of Arca- 
dia. 

Ptolemseus, i, m. Ptolemy; the 
name of several Egyptian 
kings. 

Publlce, adv. (publicus,) publicly ; 
at the public expense ; by pub- 
lic authority. 

Publicola, se, m. (populus & co- 
lo,) a surname given to P. 
Valerius, on account of his 
love of popularity. 

Publicus, a, um, adj. (populus,) 
public: in publicum proce- 
dens, going abroad or appear- 
ing in public : — subs, publi- 
cum, the public treasury. 

Publius, i, m. the prsenomen of 
several Romans. 

Pudibundus, a, um, adj. (pudeo,) 
ashamed. 

Puer, eri, m. a boy ; a servant. 

Puerilis, e, adj. puerile ; childish: 
aetas, boyhood; childhood. 

Pueritia, ae, f. boyhood; child- 
hood. 

Pugna, ae, f. a battle. 

Pugnans, tis, part, (pugno.) 

Pugnatus, a, um, part from 

Pugno, are, avi, atum, n. to fight : 
pugnatur, pass. imp. a battle 
is fought; they fight. 



PULCHER QUADRUPES. 



237 



Pulcher, ra, rum, adj. (ior, ri- 
mus,) fair ; beautiful • glo- 
rious. 

Pulchritudo, inis, f. fairness; 
beauty. 

Pullus, i, m. the young of any 
animal. 

Pulsus, a, um, part (pello.) 

Pulvillus, i, m. (Horatius,) a Ro- 
man consul in the first year 
of the republic. 

Punicus, a, um, adj. Punic ; be- 
longing to Carthage ; Car- 
thaginian. 

Punio, ire, ivi, itum, a. to punish. 

Punitus, a, um, part. 

Pupillus, i, m. a pupil; a ward; 
an orphan. 

Puppis, is, f. the stern of a ship. 

Purgo, are, avi, atum, a. to purge ; 
to purify ; to clear ; to clean ; 
to excuse. 

Purpura, ee, f. purple ; the purple 
muscle. 

Purpuratus, a, um, adj. clad in 
purple: purpurati, pi. court- 
iers; nobles. 

Purpureus, a, um, adj. purple. 

Purus, a, um, adj.^wre; clear. 

Pusillus, a, um, adj. small; 
weak. 

Puteus, i, m. a well. 

Puto, are, avi, atum, a. to think. 

Putresco, putrescere, putrui, inc. 
(putreo,) to rot ; to decay. 

Pydna, ee, f. a town of Macedo- 
nia. 

Pygmeei, orum, m. the Pygmies, 



a race of dwarfs, inhabiting 
a remote part of India or 
Ethiopia. 

Pyra, ee, f. a funeral pile. 

Pyramis, idis, f. a pyramid, 

Pyreneeus, i, m., & Pyrenaei, 
orum, m. pi. Pyrenees, moun- 
tains dividing France and 
Spain. 

Pyrrhus, i, m. a king of Epi- 
rus. 

Pythagoras, ee, m. a Grecian 
philosopher, born at Samos. 

Pythagoreus, i, m. a Pythago- 
rean ; a follower or disciple of 
Pythagoras. 

Pythia, ee, f. the priestess of 
Apollo at Delphi. 

Pythias, ee, m. a soldier of Philip 
king of Macedon. 

a 

Q,., or Qu., an abbreviation of 

Quintus. §328. 
Quadrageslmus, a, um, num. adj. 

the fortieth; from 
Quadraginta, num. adj. pi. ind. 

forty. 
Quadriennium, i, n. (quatuor & 

annus,) the space of four years. 
Quadrigee, arum, f. a four-horse 

chariot ; a team of four horses. 
Quadringenteslmus, a, um, num. 

adj. the four hundredth. 
Quadringenti, ee, a, num. adj. 

jjl.four hundred. 
Quadrupes, pedis, adj. (quatucr 



238 



QILERENS— QJJIN. 



& pes,) having four feet; 

four-footed. 
Quaerens, tis, part, from 
Quaero, quaerere, qusesivi, quae- 

situm, a. to ask; to seek for ; 

to inquire ; to search : quaerf- 

tur, it is asked; the inquiry 

is made. 
Quaestio, onis, f. a question. 
Quaestor, oris, m. a qu&stor ; a 

treasurer ; an inferior military 

officer who attended the consuls. 
Quaestus, us, m. gain ; a trade. 
Qualis, e, adj. of what kind ; 

as ; such as ; what. 
Quam, conj. & adv. as; how: 

after comparatives, than. 
Quamdiu, or Quandiu, adv. as 

long as. 
Quamquam, or Quanquam, conj. 

though; although. 
Quam vis, conj. although. 
Quando, adv. when; since. 
Quanto, adv. by how much ; as. 
Quantopere, adv. how greatly; 

how much. 
Quantum, adv. how much; as 

much as. 
Quantus, a, urn, adj. how great ; 

as great ; hoiv admirable ; 

how striking. 
Quantuslibet, quantallbet, quan- 

tumlibet, adj. (quantus & 

libet,) how great soever ; nev- 
er so great. 
Quapropter, adv. wherefore ; 

why. 
Quare, adv. (qua & re,) where- 



fore ; for which reason ; 
whence; therefore. 

Quartus, a, um, num. adj. the 
fourth. 

Quasi, adv. as if; as. 

Quatriduum, i, n. (quatuor & 
dies,) a space of four days. 

Quatuor, num. adj. pi. ind. four. 

Quatuordecim, num. adj. pi, ind. 
fourteen. 

Que, enclitic conj. § 198, R. 2 ; 
and; also. 

Queo, ire, ivi, itum, irr. § 182, 
R. 3 ; to be able ; I can. 

Quercus, us, f. an oak. 

Queror, queri, questus sum, dep. 
to complain. 

Questus, a, um, part, complain- 
ing ; having complained. 

Qui, quae, quod, rel. pro. § 136 : 
who ; which ; what. 

Qui, quae, quod, interrogative 
pro. who 9 which ? what ? 
§ 137. 

Qui, adv. how ; in what manner. 

Quia, conj. § 198, 4 ; because. 

Quicunque, quaecunque, quod- 
cunque, rel. pro. § 136 ; who- 
soever ; whatsoever ; every 
one. 

Quidam, quae dam, quoddam & 
quiddam, pro. § 138 ; a cer- 
tain one ; a certain person or 
thing: quidarn homines, cer- 
tain men. 

Quidem, adv. § 279, 3 ; indeed; 
truly ; at least. See Ne. 

Quin, conj. § 198, 7; but: but that 



QUINCTIUS RAPTOR. 



239 



Quinctius, i, m. (Titus,) a Ro- 
man general. 

Quindecim, num. adj. pi. ind. 
fifteen. 

Quingenteslmus, a, um, num. 
adj. the five hundredth. 

Quingenti, ae, a, num. adj. pi. 
five hundred. 

Quinquageni, a), a, num. adj. pi. 
every fifty ; fifty. 

Quinquageslmus, a, um, num. 
adj. fiftieth. 

Quinquaginta, num. adj. pi. ind. 

My- 

Quinque, num. adj. pi. ind.^i;e. 

Quinquies, num. adv. five times. 

Quinto, adv. the fifth time. 

Quintus, a, um, num. adj. the fifth. 

Q,uintus, or Quinctius, i, m. a 
surname among the Romans. 

Quis, quae, quid, pro. who ? what ? 
quid ? why ? 

Quisnam, or Quinam, quae nam, 
quodnam or quidnam, pro. 
§ 137 ; who ; what. 

Q,uisquam, quaequam, quidquam 
or quicquam, pro. § 138, 3 ; 
any one; any thing: nee 
quisquam, and no one. 

Quisoue, quae que, quodque or 
quidque, pro. each; every; 
whosoever ; whatsoever. 

Quisquis, quidauid or quicquid, 
rel. pro. § 136 ; whoever ; 
whatever. 

Quivis, qiwevis, quodv^ or quid- 
vis, pro. whoseever ; whatso- 
ever ; any one, 



Quo, adv. that ; to the end that ; 

whither : quo — eo,/or quan- 

to — tanto, by how much ; by 

so much ; or the more — the 

more. 
Quod, conj. that ; because. 
Quomlnus, adv. that — not. 
Quomodo, adv. how; by what 

means. 
Quondam, adv. formerly ; once. 
Quoniam, conj. since ; because. 
Quoque, conj. also. 
Quot, adj. ind. pi. how many. 
Quotannis, adv. annually ; year- 

ly. 
Quotidie, adv. (quot &> dies,) 

every day ; daily. 
Quoties, adv. as often as; how 

often. 
Quum, or Cum, adv. when 

quum jam, as soon as : — conj 

since; although. 

R. 

Radius, i, m. a staff; a ray ; a rod. 
Radix, icis, f. a root; the foot or 

base of a mountain. 
Ramus, i, m. a branch ; a bough. 
Rana, ae, f. a frog. 
Rapina, ae, f. rapine; plunder; 

from 
Rapio, rapere, rapui, raptum, a. 

to rob ; to seize ; to plunder ; 

to hurry away. 
Raptor, oris, m. one who seizes 

or takes away by viohiss* • a 

robber. 



240 



RAPTURUS REDIMO. 



Rapturus, a, urn, part, (rapio.) 

Raptus, a, urn, part, (rapio,) 
seized; robbed; carried off. 

Raritas, atis, f. rarity. 

Raro, adv. rarely ; seldom ; from 

Rarus, a, um, adj. rare, few 

Ratio, orris, f. (reor,) a reason. 

Ratis, is, f. a raft ; a ship ; a 
boat. 

Ratus, a, um, part, (reor,) think- 
ing ; having thought. 

Rebelio, are, avi, atum, n. (re & 
bello,) to renew a war; to 
rebel; to revolt. 

Recedo, -cedere, -cessi, -ces- 
sum, n. (re & cedo,) to recede; 
to yield; to retire; to with- 
draw. 

Recens, tis, adj. new ; recent ; 
fresh : — adv. recently ; lately ; 
newly : recens nati, new-born 
children. 

Receptus, a, um, part, (recipio.) 

Recepturus, a, um, part, (re- 
cipio.) 

Recessus, us, m. (recedo,) a re- 
cess ; a corner. 

Recipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptum, 
a. (re & capio,) to receive ; to 
take ; to take back ; to recover : 
animam, to come to one's self 
again ; to recover one's senses : 
se, to return. 

Recognosco, -noscSre, -novi, -ni- 
tum, a. (re & cognosco,) to 
recognize. 

Recolligo, -ligere, -legi, -lec- 
tum, a. (re, con, & lego,) to 



gather up again; to recol- 
lect ; to recover. 
Recondltus, a, um, part, from 
Recondo, dere, didi, dltum, a. (re 
& condo,) to hide ; to con- 
ceal. 
Recreatus, a, um, part, from 
Recreo, are, avi, atum, a. (re & 
creo,) to restore ; to bring to 
life again. 
Recte, adv. (ius, issime,) right; 

rightly ; from 
Rectus, a, um, adj. (ior, issirnus,) 
(re go,) right; straight; up- 
right; direct. 
Recuperatus, a, um, part, from 
Recupero, are, avi, atum, a. to 

recover ; to regain. 
Redditurus, a, um, part (reddo.) 
Redditus, a, um, part, from 
Reddo, -dere, -didi, -ditum, a. 
(re & do,) to return ; to give; 
to give back ; to make ; to 
render ; to restore ; to cause : 
verba, to repeat : animam, to 
die : voces, to imitate. 
Redeo, -ire, -ii, -ltum, irr. n. (re 
& eo, § 182,) to return; to 
go back. 
Rediens, euntis, part, returning. 
Redigo, -igere, -egi, -actum, a. 
(re & ago,) to bring back; 
to reduce : in potestatem, to 
bring into one's power. 
Redimendus, a, um, part, from 
Redimo, -imere, -emi, -emptum 
a. (re & emo,) to buy back 
to redeem ; to ransom 



REDUCENDUS REMUS. 



241 



Reducendus, a, um, part, from 

Reduco, -ducere, -duxi, -duc- 
tum, a. (re & duco,) to lead 
or bring back : in gratiam, to 
reconcile. 

Referens, tis, part, requiting ; 
returning ; referring ; from 

Refero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, irr. 
a. (re & fero,) to bring back : 
gratiam, or gratias, to requite 
a favor ; to show gratitude : 
beneficium, to requite a bene- 
fit: victoriam, to bring back 
victory, i. e. to return victori- 
ous : imagine m, to reflect the 
image ; to resemble : ad ali- 
quam rem, to refer to ; to 
reckon a part of 

Refluens, tis, part, from 

Refluo, -fluere, -fiuxi, -fluxum, 
n. (re & fluo,) to flow back, 

Refugio, -fugere, -fugi, -fugltum, 
n. (re & fugio,) to fly back ; to 
flee ; to retreat, 

Regia, se, f. (regius,) a palace. 

Reglna, &, f. (rex,) a queen. 

Regio, onis, f. (rego,) a region ; 
a district ; a country. 

Regius, a, um, adj. (rex,) royal ; 
regal ; the king's. 

Regnaturus, a, um, part, from 

Regno, are, avi, atum, n. (reg- 
num,) to rule ; to govern. 

Regnatur, pass. imp. kingly gov- 
ernment continues. 

Regnum, i, n. (rex,) a kingdom; 
empire ; dominion ; reign ; 
government; rule. 



Rego, regere, rexi, rectum, a. 
(rex,) to rule. 

Regredior, -gredi, -gressus sum, 
dep. (re & gradior,) to turn 
back; to return. 

Regressus, a, um, part having 
returned. 

Regulus, i, m. a distinguished 
Roman general in the first 
Punic war. . 

Relatus, a, um, part, (refero.) 

Relicturus, a, um, part, (relin- 
quo.) 

Relictus, a, um, part, (relinquo.) 

Religio, onis, f. (relego,) religion ; 
sacredness ; sanctity ; rever- 
ence ; religious rites. 

Relinquo, -linquere, -liqui, -lic- 
tum, a. (re & linquo,) to 
leave ; to desert ; to quit ; to 
abandon. 

Reliquiae, arum, f. pi. the relics ; 
the remains ; from 

Rellquus, a, um, adj. the rest; 
the remainder ; the other. 

Remaneo, -manere, -mansi,-man- 
sum, n. (re & maneo,) to re- 
main behind. 

Remedium, i. n. (re & medeor,) 
a remedy. 

Remitto, -mittere, -misi, -mis- 
sum, a. (re & mitto,) to send 
back ; to remit. 

Removeo, -movere, -movi, -mo- 
tum, a. (re & moveo,) to remove, 

Remus, i, m. an oar. 

Remus, i, m. the twin brother of 
Romulus, 



242 



RENOVATUS RESTITUO. 



Renovatus, a, um, part, from 

Renovo, are, avi, atum, a. (re & 
novo,) to make anew ; to re- 
new. 

Renuritio, are, avi, atum, a. (re 
& nuntio,) to inform ; to re- 
port ; to declare ; to an- 
nounce. 

Reor, reri, ratus sum, dep. to be- 
lieve; to think. 

Reparo, are, avi, atum, a. (re & 
paro,) to renew ; to repair. 

Repente, adv. suddenly. 

Reperio, -perire, -peri, -pertum, 
a. (re & pario,) to find; to dis- 
cover ; to invent. 

Repeto, -petere, -petivi, -peti- 
tum, a. (re & peto,) to demand 
back. 

Repleo, ere, evi, etum, a. (re & 
pleo,) to fill; to fill up; to re- 
plenish. 

Repono, -ponere, -posui, -posi- 
tum, a. (re & pono,) to place 
again ; to restore ; to re- 
place. 

Reporto, are, avi, atum, a. (re & 
porto,) to bring back ; to gain 
or obtain. 

Reprsesento, are, avi, atum, a. to 
represent; to paint; to de- 
pict. 

Repudio, are, avi, atum, a. to re- 
pudiate ; to reject ; to slight ; 
to disregard : uxorem, to di- 
vorce. 
Requiro, -quirere, -quisivi, -qui- 
situm, a. (re & qu®ro,) to 



seek; to demand; to require; 
to need. 

Res, rei, f. a thing ; an affair , 
a way; a kingdom; a gov- 
ernment ; a subject : res ges- 
tae, actions; exploits: Testes fa- 
miliaris or domestica, domes- 
tic affairs ; property. 

Reservo, are, avi, atum, a. (re & 
servo,) to reserve ; to keep for 
a future time. 

Resideo, -sidere, -sedi, n. (re & 
sedeo,) to sit; to sit down; to 
remain. 

Resimus, a, um, adj. bent back ; 
crooked. 

Resisto, -sistere, -stiti, -stitum, 
n. (re & sisto,) to resist; to 
withstand. 

Resolvo, -solvere, -solvi, -solu- 
tum, a. (re & solvo,) to loosen ; 
to unbind ; to unloose ; to dis- 
solve ; to untie. 

Respondeo, -spondere, -spondi, 
-sponsum, n. (re & spondeo,) 
to answer ; to reply ; to cor- 
respond: respondetur, pass, 
imp. it is answered, or the re- 
ply is made. 

Responsum, i, n. an answer ; a 
reply. 

Respublica, reipubltcse, f. § 91 ; 
the state ; the government 
the commonwealth. 

Respuo, -spuere, -spui, a. to spit 

out ; to reject. 
Restituo, -stituere, -stitui, -stitu 
turn, a. (re & statuo,) to re 



RETINEO KOGO. 



'243 



store ; to replace ; to rebuild : 
aciem, to cause the army to 
rally. 

Retineo, -tinere, -tinui, -tentum, 
a. (re & teneo,) to hold back ; 
to retain; to detain; to hin- 
der. 

Revera, adv. (res & verus,) tru- 
ly ; in very deed ; in reality ; 
in good earnest 

Reverentia, se, f. reverence. 

Reversus, a, urn, part having re- 
turned. 

Reverto, -vertere, -verti, -ver- 
sum, n. (re & verto,) to turn 
back; to return. 

Revertor, -verti, -versus sum, 
dep. to return. 

Reviresco, -virescere, -virui, inc. 
(revireo,) to grow green again. 

Revoco, are, avi, atum, a. (re & 
voco,) to recall ; to call back. 

Revolo, are, avi, atum, n. (re & 
volo,) to fly back; to fly off 
again. 

Rex, regis, m. a king ; also, the 
name of a plebeian family at 
Rome. 

Rhadamanthus, i, m. a lawgiver 
of Crete, and subsequently one 
of the three judges of the in- 
fernal regions,. 

Rhaeti, orum, m. pi. the inhabit- 
ants of Rhcetia, now the Ori- 
sons. 

Rhea, se, f. (Silvia,) the mother of 
Romulus and Remus. 

Rhenus, 1, m. the river Rhine. 
21 



Rhinoceros, otis, m. a rhinoceros 

Rhipssus, a, um, adj. Rhipcean 
or Riphcean : montes, moun- 
tains, which, according to the 
ancients, were found in the 
north of Scythia. 

Rhodanus, i, m. the river Rhone. 

Rhodius, i, m. an inhabitant of 
Rhodes ; a Rhodian. 

Rhodope, es, f. a high mountain 
in the western part of Thrace. 

Rhodus, i, f. Rhcdes ; an island 
in the Mediterranean sea. 

Rhoeteum, i, n. a city and prom- 
ontory of Troas. 

Rhyndacus, i, m. a river of Mys- 
ia. 

Ridens, tis, part smiling ; laugh- 
ing at ; from 

Rideo, dere, si, sum, n. & a. to 
laugh ; to laugh at ; to mock ; 
to deride. 

Rigeo, ere, ui, n. to be cold. 

Rigidus, a, um, adj. severe. 

Rigo, are, avi, atum, a. to water ; 
to irrigate ; to bedew ; to wet. 

Ripa, se, f. a bank. 

Risi. See Rideo. 

Risus, us, m. laughing ; laugh- 
ter. 

Rixor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
quajrel. 

Robur, oris, n. strength: robur 
militum, the flower of the sol- 
diers. 

Rogatus, a, um, part being ask 
ed ; from 

Rogo, are, avi, atum, a. to ask t 



244 



ROGUS SAGITTA. 



to request; to beg; to en- 
treat. 

Rogus, i, m. a funeral pile. 

Roma, se, f. Rome, the chief city 
of Italy, situated upon the Ti- 
ber. 

Romanus, a, um, adj. Roman. 

Romanus, i, m. a Roman. 

Romulus, i, m. the founder and 
first king of Rome : Romulus 
Silvius, a king of Alba. 

Rostrum, i, n. a beak ; a bill ; a 
snout. 

Rota, se, f. a wheel. 

Rotundus, a, um, adj. round. 

Ruber, rubra, rubrum, adj. (rior, 
errimus,) red. 

Rudis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) rude ; 
uncultivated ; new ; uncivil- 
ized. 

Ruina, ee, f. a ruin; a downfall; 
a fall. 

Rullianus, i, m. a Roman gene- 
ral, who commanded the cav- 
alry in a war with the Sam- 
nites. 

Rumpo, rumpere, rupi, ruptum, 
a. to break ; to break off; to 
break down ; to violate. 

Ruo, uere, ui, utum, n. to run 
headlong ; to fall; to be ruin- 
ed ; to hasten down ; to rush. 

Rupes, is, f. a rock ; a cliff. 

Ruptus, a, um, part, (rumpo,) 
broken; violated. 

Rursus, adv. again. 

Rus, ruris, n. the country; a 
farm. 



Rusticus, a, um, adj. rustic ; be- 
longing to the country. 
Rusticus, i, m. a countryman. 
Rutilius, i, m. a Roman consul. 

S. 

Sabini, orum, m. the Sabines, a 
people of Italy. 

Sacer, sacra, sacrum, adj. (comp. 
not used; sup. errimus,) sa- 
cred ; holy; divine; conse- 
crated. 

Sacerdos, otis, c. a priest; a 
priestess. 

Sacra, orum, n. pi. religious ser- 
vice ; sacrifice ; sacred rites ; 
religious observances. 

Sacrificans, tis, part (sacrift- 
co,) sacrificing ; offering sac- 
rifices. 

Sacrificium, i, n. a sacrifice; 
from 

Sacrifico, are, avi, atum, a. 'sa- 
cer & facio,) to sacrifice. 

Ssepe, adv. (ius, issime, § 194,) 
often ; frequently. 

Ssevio, Ire, ii, itum, n. (ssevus,) 
to rage ; to be cruel. 

Seevitas, atis, f. cruelty ; severi- 
ty ; savageness ; barbarity ; 
from 

Ssevus, a, um, adj. severe ; cruel; 
fierce ; inhuman ; violent. 

Saginatus, a, um, part, from 

Sagino, are, avi, atum, a. to fat 
ten. 

Sagitta, 69, f. an arrow. 



SAGUNTINI SCHffiNEUS. 



245 



Saguntini, orum, m. pi. the Sa- 
gwvtines ; the inhabitants of 
Saguntum. 

Saguntum, i, n. a town of Spain, 

Salio, salire, salui & salii, n. to 
spring ; to leap. 

Salsus, a, urn, adj. (sal,) salt ; 
sharp. 

Salto, are, avi, atum, n. freq. 
(salio,) to dance. 

Saluber, -bris, -bre, adj. (brior, 
berrlmus,) wholesome; salu- 
brious; healthy. 

Salubritas, atis, f. salubrity ; 
healthfulness. 

Salum, i, n. the sea. 

Salus, utis, f. (salvus,) safety; 
salvation ; health. 

Saluto, are, avi, atum, a. to sa- 
lute, to call. 

Salvus, a, um, adj. safe ; pre- 
served; unpunished. 

Samnites, ium, m. pi. the Sam- 
nites, a people of Italy. 

Sanctus, a,um, adj. holy; blame- 
less. 

Sanguis, inis, m. blood. 

Sapiens, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
wise : — subs, a sage ; a wise 
man. 

Sapientia, se, f. wisdom ; philoso- 
phy. 

Sapio, ere, ui, n. to be wise. 

Sarclna, se, f. a pack ; a bundle. 

Sardinia, se, f. a large island in 
the Mediterranean sea, west 
of Italy. 

Sarmatse, arum, m. the Sarma- 



tians, a people inhabiting the 
north of Europe and Asia. 

Sarpedon, onis, m. a son of Ju- 
piter and Europa. 

Satelles, Itis, m. a satellite; a 
guard ; a body-guard. 

Satiatus, a, um, part, from 

Satio, are, avi, atum, a. to satiate ; 
to satisfy. 

Satis, adj. & adv. enough; suf- 
ficient ; sufficiently ; very , 
quite. 

Satur, ura, urum, adj. satiated; 
full. 

Saturnia, s, f. a name given to 
Italy ; also, a citadel and town 
near Janiculum. 

Saturnus, i, m. the father of Ju- 
piter. 

Saucio, are, avi, atum, a. to 
wound. 

Saxum, i, n. a rock ; a stone. 

Scsevola, se, m. (Mucius,) a brave 
Roman soldier. 

Scateo, ere, n. to be full; to 
abound. 

Scamander, dri, m. a river of 
Troasj whichfiowsfrom mount 
Ida into the Hellespont. 

Scaurus, i, m. the surname of 
several Romans. 

Scelestus, a, um, adj. wicked; 
from 

Scelus, eris, n. wickedness; a 
crime ; by metonymy, § 324, 
2, a wicked person. 

Scena, as, f. a scene; a stage. 

Schceneus, i, m. a king of At 



246 



SCHEMA SELEUCIA. 



cadia, or ofScyros, and father 

ofAtalanta. 
Scheria, 33, f. an ancient name 

of the island Corcyra, or 

Corfu. 
Scientia, 33, f. knoivledge ; from 
Scio, ire, ivi, itum, a. to know; 

to understand. 
Scipio, onis, m. a distinguished 

Roman family : Scipiones, the 

Scipios. 
Scopulus, i, m. a cliff; a rock. 
Scorpio, onis, m. a scorpion. 
Scotia, 33, f. Scotland. 
Scriba, 83, m. a writer; a secre- 
tary ; a scribe ; from 
Scribo, scribere, scripsi, scrip- 
turn, a. to iviite : scribere 

leges, to prepare laws. 
Scriptor, oris, m. a writer; an 

author. 
Scripturus, a, urn, part, (scribo.) 
Scriptus, a, urn, part, (scribo.) 
Scrutor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 

search into ; to trace out. 
Scutum, i, n. a shield. 
Scylla, 83, f. the daughter of 

JVisus. 
Scyros, i, f. an island in the 

JEgean sea. 
Scythes, 83, m. an inhabitant of 

Scythia ; a Scythian. 
Scythia, 83, f. a vast country in 

the north of Europe and 

Asia. 
Scythicus, a, um, adj. Scythian. 
Seco, secare, secui, sectum, a. 

to cut. 



Secedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum, 
n. (se & cedo,) to secede ; to 
step aside ; to withdraw. 

Sectatus, a, um, part, having 
followed or attended ; from 

Sector, ari, atus sum, dep. freq. 
(sequor, § 187, II., 1,) to fol- 
low ; to pursue ; to accom- 
pany ; to attend; to strive 
after. 

Secum, (se & cum, § 133, R. 4,) 
with himself; with herself; 
with itself; with themselves. 

Secundus, a, um, adj. the second; 
prosperous : res secunda?, 
prosperity. 

Securis, is, f. an axe. 

Secutus, a, um, part, (sequor.) 

Sed, conj. § 198, 4 ; but. 

Sedecim, num. adj. ind. pi. (sex 
& decern,) sixteen. 

Sedeo, sedere, sedi, sessum, n. 
to sit ; to light upon. 

Sedes, is, f. a seat ; a residence ; 
a settlement: regni, the seat 
of government. 

Seditio, onis, f. sedition; a re- 
bellion ; an insurrection. 

Sedulus, a, um, adj. diligent. 

Seges, etis, f. a crop ; a harvest. 

Segnis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
dull ; slow ; slothful ; slug- 
gish. 

Sejungo, -jungere, -junxi, -junc- 
tum, a. (se & jungo,) to di- 
vide ; to sever ; to separate. 

Seleucia, as, f. a town of Syria- 
near the Orontes 



SJEMEL SERO. 



247 



Semel, adv. once: plus semel, 
more than once. 

Semele, es, f. a daughter of 
Cadmus and Hermione, and 
mother of Bacchus. 

Semiramis, idis, f. a warlike 
queen of Assyria, and the wife 
ofNinus. 

Semper, adv. always. 

Sempiternus, a, urn, adj. ever- 
lasting. 

Semprorrius, i, m. the name of a 
Roman gens or clan : Sem- 
pronius Gracchus, a Roman 
general. 

Sena, ge, f. a town of Picenum. 

Senator, oris, m. (senex,) a sena- 
tor. 

Senatus, us & i, m. (senex,) a 
senate. 

Senecta, se, or Senectus, utis, f. 
(senex,) old age. 

Senescens, tis, part, from 

Senesco, senescere, senui, inc. 
to grow old ; to wane. 

Senex, is, c. an old man or wo- 
man: — adj. old: (comp. se- 
nior.) § 126, 4. 

Senones, um, m. pi. a people of 
Gaul. 

Sensi. See Sentio. 

Sensus, us, m. (sentio,) sense; 
feeling. 

Sententia, &e, f. an opinion; a 
proposition; a sentiment; from 

Sentio, sentire, sensi, sensum, a. 
to feel ; to perceive ; to he scnsi- 
hle of; to observe ; to suppose. 
21* 



Separo, are, avi, atum, a. (se & 
paro,) to separate ; to divide. 

Sepelio, sepelire, sepelivi, se- 
pulture a. to bury ; to inter. 

Sepes, is, f. a hedge ; a fence. 

Septem, num. adj. ind. pi. seven. 

Septentrio, onis, m. the Northern 
Bear ; the north. 

Septies, num. adv. seven times. 

Septimus, a, um, num. adj. (sep- 
tem,) the seventh. 

Septingenteslmus, a, um, num. 
adj. the seven hundredth. 

Septuageslmus, a, um, num. adj. 
the seventieth. 

Septuaginta, num. adj. ind. pL 
seventy. 

Sepulcrum, i, n. a grave ; a sep- 
ulchre ; a tomb. 

Sepultura, se, f. burial; inter- 
ment. 

Sepultus, a, um, part, (sepelio,) 
buried. 

Sequana, ee, m. the Seine, ariver 
in France. 

Sequens, tis, part, from 

Sequor, sequi, secutus sum, dep. 
to follow; to pursue. 

Secutus, a, um, part (sequor.) 

Serenus, a, um, adj. serene; 
tranquil ; clear ;fair ; bright. 

Sergius, i, m. the name of several 
Romans. 

Sermo, onis, m. speech ; a dis- 
course ; conversation. 

Sero, (serius,) adv. late ; too late. 

Sero, serere, sevi, satum, a* to 
sow ; to plant. 



248 



SERPENS SILENUS. 



Serpens, tis, c. (serpo,) a serpent ; 
a snake. 

Sertorius, i, m. a Roman gene- 
ral. 

Serus, a, urn, adj. late. 

Servilius, i, m. the name of a 
Roman family : Servilius 
Case a, one of the murderers 
of Casar. 

Servio, ire, Ivi, itum, n. (servus,) 
to be a slave ; to serve, (as a 
slave.) 

Servitium, i, n., or Servitus, utis, 
f. (servus,) slavey ; bondage. 

Servius, i, m. (Tullius,) the sixth 
king of Rome. 

Servo, are, avi, atum, a. to pre- 
serve ; to guard; to ivatch; 
to keep. 

Servus, i, m. a slave ; a servant. 

Sese, pro. ace. & abl. § 133, R. 2 ; 
himself; herself; themselves. 

Sestertium, i, n. a sestertium, or 
a thousand sesterces. § 327, 3. 

Sestertius, i, m. a sesterce, or 
two and a half asses. § 327, 3. 

Sestos, i, or -us, i, f. a town of 
Thrace, on the shores of the 
Hellespont, opposite to Aby- 
dos. 

Seta, ae, f. a bristle. 

Setinus, a, um, adj. Setine; be- 
longing to Setia, a city of 
Campania, near the Pontine 
Marshes, famous for its wine. 

Sex, num. adj. ind. pi. six. 

Sexageslmus, a, um, num. adj. 
the sixtieth. 



Sexaginta, num. adj. ind. pi 

sixty. 
Sexcentestmus, a, um, num. adj. 

the six hundredth. 
Sextus, a, um, num. adj. the 

sixth. 
Si, conj. if; whether; to see 

whether ; si quando, if at any 

time. 
Sic, adv. so; thus; in such a 

manner. 
Siccius, i, m. (Dentatus,) the name 

of a brave Roman soldier. 
Siccus, a, um, adj. dry : siccum, 

dry land. 
Sicilia, se, f. Sicily, the largest 

island in the Mediterranean. 
Siculus, a, um, adj. Sicilian: 

fretum, the straits of Messina. 
Sicut, & Sicuti, adv. (sic ut,) as; 

as if. 
Sidon, onis, f. a maritime city of 

Phoenicia. 
Sidonius, a, um, adj. belonging 

to Sidon ; Sidonian. 
Sidus, eris, n. a star. 
Signifrco, are, avi, atum, a. (sig- 

num & facio,) to designate; 

to mark; to express; to sig- 
nify ; to give notice ; to im- 
ply or mean. 
Signum, i, n. a sign ; a token ; 

a statue ; a standard ; colors. 
Silens, tis, part (sileo,) silent; 

keeping silence. 
Silentium, i, n. silence. 
Silenus, i, m. the foster-father 

and instructor of Bacchus. 



SILEO SOLITUS. 



249 



Sileo, ere, ui, n. to be silent ; to 
conceal, 

Silva, or Sylva, se, f. a forest ; a 
wood. 

Silvia, se, f. (Rhea,) the mother of 
Romulus, 

Silvius, i, m. a son of Mneas, the 
second king of Alba: Silvius 
Procas, a king of Alba, the fa- 
ther of JVumitor and Amulius. 

Simia, se, f. an ape. 

Simllis, e, adj. (ior, limus,) simi- 
lar ; like. 

Similiter, adv. in like manner. 

Simplex, Icis, adj. (semel & pli- 
co,) simple ; artless ; open ; 
plain ; single. 

Simois, entis, m. a river of Troas, 
flowing into the Scamander. 

Simonldes, is, m. a Greek poet, 
born in the island of Cea. 

Simul, adv. at the same time ; at 
once ; together ; as soon as : 
simul — simul, as soon as, or 
no sooner than. 

Simulacrum, i, n. (simulo,) an 
image ; a statue. 

Sin, conj. but if. 

Sine, prep, without. 

Singularis, e, adj. single ; singu- 
lar ; distinguished ; extraor- 
dinary : certamen singulare, 
a single combat. 

Singuli, se, a, num. adj. pi. each ; 
one by one; every: singulis 
menslbus, every month : sin- 
gulis singulas partes, to each 
a share. 



Sinister, ra, rum, adj. left. 

Sino, sinere, sivi, situm, a. to 
permit. 

Sinus, us, m. a bosom ; a bay ; a 
gulf 

Siquis, siqua, siquod or siquid, 
pro. if any one ; if any thing. 

Siquando, adv. if at any time ; if 
ever. 

Sitio, ire, ii, n. & a. to thirst; to 
be thirsty ; to earnestly desire. 

Sitis, is, f. thirst. 

Situs, a, um, adj. placed; set; 
situated ; permitted. 

Sive, conj. or; or if; whether. 

Sobrius, a, um, adj. sober ; tem- 
perate. 

Socer, eri, m. a father-in-law. 

Socialis, e, adj. (socius,) pertain- 
ing to allies ; social ; confed- 
erate. 

Societas, atis, f. society ; alliance ; 
intercourse; partnership; from 

Socius, i, m. an ally; a companion. 

Socordia, se, f. (socors,) negli- 
gence ; sloth. 

Socrates, is, m. the most eminent 
of the Athenian philosophers. 

Sol, solis, m. the sun. 

Soleo, ere, ltus sum, n. pass. 
§ 142, 2 ; to be wont ; to be 
accustomed : solebat, used. 

Solldus, a, um, adj. whole; solid; 
entire. 

Solitudo, inis, f. (solus,) a desert; 
a wilderness; a solitary place. 

Solltus, a, um, part, (soleo,) ac» 
customed; usual. 



250 



SOLLERS SPHINX. 



Sollers, tis, adj. ingenious ; in- 
ventive ; cunning ; skilful ; 
shrewd. 

Soilertia, se, f. sagacity; skill; 
shrewdness, 

Solon, onis, m. the lawgiver of 
the Athenians, and one of the 
seven wise men of Greece. 

Solstitium, i, n. (sol & sisto,) the 
solstice, particularly the sum- 
mer solstice, in distinctionfrom 
bruma, the winter solstice ; the 
longest day. 

Solum, i, n. the earth ; the soil; 
land. 

Solum, adv. alone ; only ; from 

Solus, a, um, adj. § 107 ; alone. 

Solutus, a, um, part, from 

Solvo, solvere, solvi, solutum, a. 
to dissolve; to melt; to an- 
swer. 

Somnio, are, avi, atum, n. to 
dream ; from 

Somnium, i, n. a dream ; from 

Somnus, i, m. sleep. 

Sonitus, us, m. a sound ; a noise. 

Sono, are, ui, Itum, n. to sound; 
to resound ; from 

Sonus, i, m. a sound. 

Sorbeo, -ere, -ui, to suck in ; to 
absorb. 

Soror, oris, f. a sister. 

Sp., an abbreviation of Spurius. 

Spargo, spargere, sparsi, spar- 
sum, a. to sprinkle ; to strew ; 
to scatter; to sow. 

Sparsi. See Spargo. 

Sparsus, a, um, part. 



Sparta, se, f. Sparta or Laceda- 
mon, the capital of Laco- 
nia. 

Spartacus, i, m. the name of a 
celebrated gladiator. 

Spartanus, i, m. a Spartan. 

Sparti, orum, m. pi. a race of 
men, said to have sprung from 
the dragon's teeth which Cad- 
mus sowed. 

Spartum, i, n. Spanish broom, a 
plant of which ropes were 
made. 

Spatiosus, a, um, adj. large; spa- 
cious ; from 

Spatium, i, n. a space ; room ; 
distance. 

Species, ei, f. (specio,) an ap- 
pearance. 

Spectaculum, i, n. a spectacle ; a 
show ; from 

Specto, are, avi, atum, a. freq. 
(specio,) to behold; to see; to 
consider ; to regard ; to relate ; 
to refer. 

Specus, us, m. f. & n. a cave. 

Spelunca, se, f. a cave. 

Spero, are, avi, atum, n. to hope ; 
to expect. 

Spes, ei, f. hope; expectation; 
promise. 

Speusippus, i, m. the nephew and 
successor of Plato. 

Sphinx, gis, f. a Sphinx. The 
Egyptian Sphinx is represent- 
ed as a monster, having a wo- 
man's head on the body of a 
lion. 



SPINA STRUO. 



251 



Spina, 33, f. a thorn ; a sting ; a 

quill ; a spine ; a backbone. 
Spiritus, us, m. a breath ; from 
Spiro, are, avi, atum, n. to 

breathe. 
Splendeo, ere, ui, n. to shine; to 

be conspicuous. 
Splendldus, a, um, adj. splendid; 

illustrious. 
Splendor, oris, m. brightness ; 

splendor. 
Spolio, are, avi, atum, a. to de- 
spoil ; to strip ; to deprive ; 

from 
Spolium, i, n. spoils ; booty. 
Spondeo, spondere, spopondi, 

sponsum, a. to promise; to 

engage. 
Sponsa, 33, f. a bride. 
Spontis, gen., sponte, abl. sing., 

f. §94; of himself ; of itself ; 

of one's own accord; volunta- 
rily ; spontaneously. 
Spurius, i, m. a prsenomen among 

the Romans. 
Squama, 39, f. the scale of a fish. 
Stabulum, i, n. (sto,) a stall ; a 

stable. 
Stadium, i, n. a stadium ; a 
furlong ; a measure of 125 

paces ; the race-ground. 
Stannum, i, n. tin. 
Stans, stantis, part, (sto.) 
Statim, adv. immediately. 
Statio, onis, f. (sto,) a station : 

navium, roadstead; an an- 

choring-place. 
Statua, 33, f. (statuo,) a statue. 



Statuarius, i, m. a statuary ; a 
sculptor. 

Statuo, uere, ui, utum, a. to de- 
termine ; to resolve; to fix; to 
judge; to decide; to believe. 

Status, a, um, adj. fixed; stated; 
appointed; certain. 

Statutus, a, um, part, (statuo,) 
placed; resolved; fixed; set- 
tled, 

Stella, 33, f. a star. 

Sterllis, e, adj. unfruitful; ster- 
ile ; barren. 

Sterto, ere, ui, n. to snore. 

Stipes, Itis, m. a stake ; the trunk 
of a tree. 

Stirps, is, f. a root ; a stock ; a 
race ; a family. 

Sto, stare, steti, statu m, n. to 
stand ; to be stationary : stare 
a partlbus, to favor the party. 

Stolcus, i, m. a Stoic, one of a 
sect of Grecian philosophers, 
whose founder was Zeno. 

Stolidltas, atis, f. stupidity; from 

Stolidus, a, um, adj. foolish; sil- 
ly ; stupid, 

Strages, is, f. (sterno,) an over- 
throw ; slaughter. 

Strangulo, are, avi, atum, a, to 
strangle. 

Strenue, adv. bravely ; actively ; 
vigorously; strenuously ; from 

Strenuus, a, um, adj. bold ; stren- 
uous ; brave ; valiant. 

Strophades, um, f. pi. two small 
islands in the Ionian sea. 

Struo, struere, struxi, structum. 



252 



STRUTHIOCAMELUS SUBVENIO. 



a. to put together; to con- 
struct ; to build : insidias, to 
prepare an ambuscade. 

Struthiocamelus, i, m. an ostrich. 

Strymon, onis, m. a river which 
was anciently the boundary be- 
tween Macedonia and Thrace. 

Studeo, ere, ui, n. to favor ; to 
study ; to endeavor ; to attend 
to; to pursue. 

Studiose, adv. (studiosus,) studi- 
ously ; diligently. 

Studium, i, n. zeal ; study ; dili- 
gence; eagerness. 

Stultitia, se, f. folly ; from 

Stultus, a, um, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 
foolish: stui ti, fools. 

Stupe o, ere, ui, n.tobe astonished 
at ; to be amazed. 

Sturnus, i, m. a starling. 

Suadendus, a, um, part, (suadeo.) 

Suadens, tis, part, from 

Suadeo, suadere, suasi, suasum, 
a. & n. to advise; to per- 
suade ; to urge. 

Suavitas, atis, f. (suavis,) sweet- 
ness ; grace ; melody. 

Suaviter, adv. sweetly; agreea- 

%• 

Sub, prep, under ; near to ; near 
the time of; just before; at; 
in the time of. 

Subduco, -ducere, -duxi, -duc- 
tum, a. (sub & duco,) to loith- 
draw ; to take away ; to with- 
hold. 

Sub ductus, a, um, part. 

Subeo, ire, Ivi & ii, ltum, irr. n. 



(sub & eo, § 182,) to go un- 
der ; to submit to : onus, to 
take up or sustain a burden. 

Sublgo, -igere, -egi, -actum, a. 
(sub & ago,) to subject ; to 
subdue; to conquer. 

Subito, adv. suddenly ; from 

Subitus, a, um, adj. (subeo,) sud- 
den ; unexpected. 

Sublatus, a, um, part, (sustollo,) 
taken away ; lifted %ip. 

Sublimis, e, adj. sublime; high 
in the air : in sublime, aloft. 

Sublime, adv. aloft; in the air. 

Submergo,-mergere,-mersi,-mer- 
sum, a. (sub & mergo,) to over- 
whelm; to sink. 

Submergor, -mergi, -mersus sum, 
pass, to be overwhelmed; to 
sink. 

Submersus, a, um, part 

Subridens, tis, part, smiling at. 

Subrideo, -ridere, -risi, -risum, 
n. (sub & rideo,) to smile. 

Subsilio, -silire, -silui & -silii, 
n. (sub & salio,) to leap; to 
jump. 

Substituo, -stituere, -stitui, -sti- 
tutum, a. (sub & statuo,) to 
put in one's place ; to substi- 
tute. 

Subter, prep, under. 

Subterraneus, a, um, adj. (sub & 
terra,) subteiranean. 

Subvenio, -venire, -veni, -ven- 
turn, n. (sub & venio,) to come 
to one's assistance ; to succor : 
to helv 



SUBVOLO SUPERUS. 



253 



Subvolo, are, avi, atum, n. (sub 
& volo,) to fly up. 

Succedo, -cedere, -cessi, -ces- 
eum, n. (sub & cedo,) to suc- 
ceed; to follow. 

Successor, oris, m. a successor. 

Succus, i, m. juice ; liquid ; 
sap. 

Suffero, sufferre, sustuli, subla- 
tum, irr. a. (sub & fero,) to 
take away ; to undertake ; to 
bear. 

Suffetius, i, m. (Metius,) an Al- 
lan general, put to death by 
Tullus Hostilius. 

Sufficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum, 
n. (sub & facio,) to suffice ; to 
be sufficient. 

Suffodio, -fodere, -fodi, -fossum, 
a. (sub & fodio,) to dig under; 
to undermine. 

Suffossus, a, um, part. 

Suffragium, i, n. suffrage ; vote ; 
a ballot ; choice. 

Sui, pro. gen. § 133; of himself ; 
of herself ; of itself: duae sibi 
similes, like one another. 

Sulla, or Sylla, se, m. a distin- 
guished Roman general. 

Sulpicius, i, m. (Gallus,) a Ro- 
man, celebrated for his learn- 
ing and eloquence, and for his 
skill in astrology. 

Sum, esse, fui, irr. n. § 153 ; to 
be ; to exist ; to serve for : 
terrori esse, to excite terror. 

Summus, a, um, adj. (see Supe- 
rus,) the highest ; greatest ; 



perfect: m summa aqua, on 
the surface of the water. 

Sumo, sumere, sumpsi, sump- 
tum, a. to take. 

Sumptus, a, um, part 

Sumptus, us, m. expense. 

Supellex, supellectilis, f. furni- 
ture ; household goods. 

Super, prep, above ; upon. 

Superbe, adv. (ius, isslme,) proud- 
ly ; haughtily. 

Superbia, se, f. (superbus,) pride ; 
haughtiness. 

Superbio, ire, Ivi, itum, n. to 
be proud; to be proud of; 
from 

Superbus, a, um, adj. proud ; a 
surname of Tarquin, the last 
king of Rome, the Proud. 

Superfluus, a, um, adj. (super- 
fluo,) superfluous. 

Superjacio, -jacere, -jeci, -jac- 
tum, a. (super & jacio,) to 
throw upon ; to shoot over. 

Superjacior, -jaci, -jactus sum, 
pass, to be shot over. 

Supero, are, avi, atum, a. (super,) 
to surpass ; to conquer ; to 
excel ; to vanquish. 

Superstitiosus, a, um, adj. super- 
stitious. 

Supersum, -esse, -fui, irr. n. (su- 
per & sum,) to remain; to 
survive. 

Superus, a, um, adj. (comp. su- 
perior ; sup. supremus or 
summus, § 125, 4,) above 
high; upper. 



254 



SUPERVACUUS TACEO. 



Supervacuus, a, um, adj. super- 
Jluous. 

Supervenio, -venire, -veni, -ven- 
tum, n. (super & venio,) to 
come upon ; to come ; to sur- 
prise suddenly, 

(Supervolo, are, avi, atum, n. (su- 
per & volo,) to fly over. 

Suppeto, ere, ivi, itum, n. (sub & 
peto,) to suffice ; to remain; to 
serve; to be sufficient. 

Supplex, Icis, adj. suppliant. 

Supplicium, i. n. a punishment. 

Suppono, -ponere, -posui, -posi- 
tum, a. (sub & pono,) to put 
under ; to substitute. 

Supra, prep. & adv. above ; be- 
fore. 

Surena, 89, m. the title of a Par- 
thian officer, next in authority 
to the king. 

Surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrec- 
tum, n. to rise. 

Sus, uis, c. swine ; a hog. 

Suscipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptum, 
a. (sub & capio,) to under- 
take ; to take upon ; to engage 
in ; to receive. 

Suspectus,a, um, part. & adj. (sus- 
picio,) suspected ; mistrusted. 

Suspendo, -pendere, -pendi, -pen- 
sum, a. (sub & pendo,) to sus- 
pend ; to hang ; to hang 
up. 

Suspensus, a, um, part. 

Suspicio, -spicere, -spexi, -spec- 
turn, a. (sub & specio,) to sus- 
pect. 



Susptcor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
suspect ; to surmise. 

Sustento, are, avi, atum, freq. to 
sustain ; to support : susten- 
tare vitam, to support one*8 
self; from 

Sustineo, -tinere, -tinui, -tentum, 
a. (sub & teneo,) to bear; to 
can-y ; to sustain; to support. 

Sustollo, sustollere, sustuli, sub- 
latum, a. to take away ; to lift 
up ; to raise. 

Suus, a, um, pro. his ; hers ; its ; 
theirs. § 139, R. 2. 

Sylla. See Sulla. 

Syllaba, se, f. a syllable 

Sylva. See Silva. 

Syphax, acis, m. a king of Nu- 
midia. 

Syracuse, arum, f. pi. Syracuse, 
a celebrated city of Sicily. 

Syria, a3, f. a large country of 
Asia, at the eastern extremity 
of the Mediterranean sea. 

Syriacus, a, um, adj. Syrian ; be- 
longing to Syria. 

T. 

T., an abbreviation of Titus. 
Tabesco, tabescere, tabui, inc. to 

consume ; to pine away. 
Tabula, 89, f. a table ; a tablet ; 

a picture ; a painting : plum- 

bea tabula, a plate or sheet of 

lead. 
Taceo, ere, ui, Itum, n. to be su 

lent. 



TACTUS TAUK1CA. 



255 



Tactus, us, m. (tango,) the touch. 
Tsedet, tseduit, tsesum est or 

pertaesum est, imp. to be 

weary of: vitas eos teedet, 

they are weary of life. 
Taenarus, i, m., & um, i, n. a 

promontory in Laconia, now 

cape Matapan. 
Talentum, i, n. a talent ; a sum 

variously estimatedfrom $860 

to $1020. 
Talis, e, adj. such. 
Talpa, se, c. a mole. 
Tam, adv. so ; so much. 
Tamen, conj. yet ; notwithstand- 
ing ; still ; nevertheless. 
Tanais, is, m. a river between Eu- 
rope and Asia, now the Don. 
Tanaquil, ilis, f. the wife of Tar- 

quinius Priscus. 
Tandem, adv. at length ; at last ; 

finally. 
Tango, tangere, tetigi, tactum, 

a. to touch. 
Tanquam, or Tamquam, adv. as ; 

as well as ; as if; like. 
Tantalus, i, m. a son of Jupiter ; 

the father of Pelops, and king 

of Phrygia. 
Tanto, adv. (tantus,) so much. 
Tantopere, adv. (tantus & opus,) 

so much ; so greatly. 
Tantum, adv. only; so much; 

from 
Tantus, a, um, adj. so great; 

such : tanti, of so much value : 

tanti est, it is worth the pains ; 

it makes amends ■ n'"*n est 
22 



tanti, it is not best ; it is not 

worth while. 
Tarde, adv. (ius, isslme,) (tardus/ 

slowly. 
Tarditas, atis, f. (tardus,) slow 

ness ; dulness ; heaviness. 
Tardo, are, avi, atum, a. to retard, 

to check ; to stop ; from 
Tardus, a, um, adj. slow ; dull. 
Tarentinus, a, um, adj. Tar 

entine; of or belonging to 

Tarentum : Tarentini, Tar- 

entines ; the inhabitants oj 

Tarentum. 
Tarentum, i, n. a celebrated cih 

in the south of Italy. 
Tarpeia, 83, f. the daughter of 

Sp. Tarpeius : she betrayed 

the Roman citadel to the Sa 

bines. 
Tarpeius, a, um, adj. Tarpeian : 

mons, the Tarpeian or Capi 

toline mount. 
Tarquinii, orum, m. pi. a city oj 

Etruria, whence the family of 

Tarquin derived their name. 
Tarquinius, i, m. Tarquin; the 

name of an illustrious Roman 

family ', of which two, Priscus 

and Superbus, were kings . 

Tarquinii, orum, pi. the Tar> 

quins. 
Tartarus, i, m., & -a, orum, pi 

n. Tartarus ; the infernal re 

gions. 
Taurlca, 33, f. a large peninsuh 

of the Black sea, now callec 

the Crimea or Taurida. 



I 
256 



TAURUS TERBJTO. 



Taurus, i, m. a high range of 
mountains in Asia. 

Taurus, i, m. a bull. 

Taygetus, i, m., & -a, orum, pi. 
n. a mountain of Laconia, 
near Sparta. 

Tectum, i, n. a roof; a house. 

Tectus, a, um, part, (tego,) cov- 
ered ; defended. 

Teges, etis, f. a mat ; a rug ; a 
coverlet; from 

Tego, gere, xi, ctum, a. to cover ; 
to defend. 

Tegumentum, i, n. a covering. 

Telum, i, n. a weapon ; a dart ; 
an arrow. 

Temere, adv. at random ; acci- 
dentally ; rashly. 

Tempe, n. pi. indec. a beautiful 
vale in Thessaly, through 
which the river Peneus flows. 

Temperies, iei, f. temperateness ; 
mildness ; temperature. 

Tempestas, atis, f. a storm; a 
tempest. 

Templum, i, n. a temple. 

Tempus, oris, n. time ; a season : 
ad tempus, at the time ap- 
pointed : ex tempore, without 
premeditation. 

Temulentus, a, um, adj. drunk- 
en; intoxicated. 

Tendo, tendere, tetendi, ten- 
sum, a. to stretch ; to stretch 
out ; to extend ; to go ; to ad- 
vance. 

Tenebrae, arum, f. pi. darkness. 

Teneo, tenere, tenui, tentum, a. 



to hold ; to have ; to keep ; to 
possess ; to know ; to hold by 
a garrison : portum, to reach 
the harbor. 

Tentatus, a, um, part, from 

Tento, are, avi, atum, a. freq. 
to attempt ; to try. 

Tentyrltse, arum, c. pi. the in- 
habitants of Tentyra, a town 
and island in Upper Egypt. 

Tenuis, e, adj. thin; light; rare. 

Tenus, prep, up to ; as far as. 

Tepesco, escere, ui, inc. (tepeo,) 
to grow warm or cool ; to be- 
come tepid. 

Ter, num. adv. thrice. 

Terentius, i, m. a Roman proper 
name. 

Tergum, i, n. the back; the far- 
ther side : a tergo, from be- 
hind : ad terga, behind. 

TermTno, are, avi, atum, a. to 
bound ; to limit ; to terminate. 

Terminus, i, m. a boundary ; a 
limit ; an end ; bounds. 

Terni, se, a, num. adj. pi. three 
by three ; three. 

Terra, ae, f. the earth ; a country ; 
the land: omnes terree, the 
whole world. 

Terreo, ere, ui, itum$ a. to terri- 
fy ; to scare; to frighten. 

Terrester, terrestris, terrestre, 
adj. terrestrial : animal ter- 
restre, a land animal. 

Terribllis, e, adj. terrible. 

Territo, are, avi, atum, freq. (ter- 
reo,) to terrify ; to affright. 



TERRITORIUM TICIJSUM. 



257 



Territorium, i, n. (terra,) terri- 
tory. 
Terrltus, a, urn, part (terreo.) 
Terror, oris, m. terror ; conster- 
nation ; fear. 
Tertius, a, urn, num. adj. the third. 
Tertio, num. adv. the third 

time. 
Testa, ge, f. an earthen vessel; 

a shell. 
Testamentum, 1, n. a mill ; a 

testament. 
Testudo, inis, f. a tortoise. 
Tetlgi. See Tango. 
Teutones, um, & Teutoni, orum, 

m. pi. a nation who lived in 

the northern part of Germany, 

near the Cimbri. 
Texo, texgre, texui, textum, a. 

to weave ; to plait ; to form ; 

to construct. 
Thalamus, i, m. a bed-chamber ; 

a dwelling. 
Thales, is & etis, m. a Milesian, 

one of the seven wise men of 

Greece. 
Thasus, i, f. an island on the 

coast of Thrace. 
Theatrum, i, n. a theatre. 
Thebae, arum, f. pi. Thebes, the 

capital of Bceotia. 
Thebanus, a, um, adj. Theban ; 

belonging to Thebes. 
Thelesinus, i, m. a Roman proper 

name. 
Themistocles, is, m. a celebrated 

Athenian general in the Per- 



Theodorus, i, m. a philosopher 
of Cyrence. 

Thermodon, ontis, m. a river oj 
Pontus. 

Theseus, i, m. a king of Athens, 
and son of Mgeus, was one 
of the most celebrated heroes 
of antiquity. 

Thessalia, bb, f. Thessaly ; a 
country of Greece, south of 
Macedonia. 

Thessalus, a, um, adj. belonging 
to Thessaly; Thessalian. 

Thestius, i, m. the father of Al- 
thcea. 

Thetis, Idis & Idos, f. one of the 
sea nymphs; the wife of Pe- 
leus, and mother of Achilles. 

Theutobochus, i, m. a king of 
the Cimbri. 

Thracia, se, f. Thrace, a large 
country east of Macedonia. 

Thracius, a, um, adj. belonging 
to Thrace ; Thracian. 

Thrasybulus, i, m. an Athenian 
general, celebrated for freeing 
his country from the thirty 
tyrants. 

Thus, thuris, n. frankincense. 

Tiberis, is, m. § 79 ; the Tiber, 
a famous river of Italy. 

Tibi. See Tu. 

Tiblcen, inis, m. one who plays 
upon the flute ; a piper. 

Ticlnum, i, n. a town of Cisal- 
pine Gaul, where the Ro- 
mans were defeated by Han* 
nibal. 



258 



TIGRANE S TRANS ACTU S . 



Figranes, is, m. a king of Ar- 
menia Major. 

Tigranocerta, orum, n. a city of 
Armenia Major, founded by 
Tigrdnes. 

Tigris, idis, (seldom is,) f. a tiger. 

Tigris, Idis & is, m. a river in 
Asia. 

Timens, tis, part, from 

Timeo, ere, ui, n. & a. to fear ; 
to dread ; to be afraid. 

Timidus, a, urn, adj. timid; 
cowardly. 

Timor, oris, m.fear. 

Tinnitus, us, m. a tinkling. 

Tintinnabiilum, i, n. a bell. 

Titio,6nis,m. a brand; afirebrand. 

Titus, i, m. a Roman prsnomen. 

Tolero, are, avi, atum, a. to bear ; 
to endure ; to admit of. 

Tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatum, 
a. to raise ; to pick up ; to 
remove ; to do away with. 

Tondeo, tondere, totondi, ton- 
sum, a. to shave ; to shear. 

Fonltru, u, n. thunder. 

Tono, are, ui, ltum, n. to thun- 
der : tonat, it thunders. 

Tormentum, i, n. (torqueo,) an 
engine for throwing stones 
and darts. 

Forquatus, i, m. a surname given 
to T. Manlius and his de- 
scendants. 

Torquis, is, d. a collar ; a chain. 

Tot, ind. adj. so many. 

Totidem, ind. adj. the same num- 
ber ; as many. 



Totus, a, um, adj. § 107 ; whole ; 
entire; all. 

Trabs, is, f. a beam. 

Tractatus, a, um, part, from 

Tracto, are, avi, atum, a. freq. 
(traho,) to treat ; to handle. 

Tractus, us, m. (traho,) a tract ; 
a country ; a region. 

Tractus, a, um, part, (traho.) 

Traditus, a, um, part, from 

Trado, -dere, -didi, -ditum, a. 
(trans & do,) to deliver; to 
give; to give up; to relate; 
to teach : tradunt, they report : 
traditur, it is related; it is 
reported : traduntur, they are 
imported. 

Tragicus, a, um, adj. tragic. 

Tragcedia, se, f. a tragedy. 

Traho, trahere, traxi, tractum, a. 
to draw ; to drag : bellum, to 
protract ; to prolong : liqui- 
das aquas trahere, to draw 
along clear waters; to flow 
with a clear stream. 

Trajicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, 
a. (trans & jacio,) to convey 
over ; to pass or c?*oss over. 

Trames, itis, m. (trameo,) a path ; 
a way. 

Trano, are, avi, atum, n. (trans 
& no,) to swim over. 

Tranquillus, a, um, adj. tran- 
quil ; calm ; serene. 

Trans, prep, over; beyond; on 
the other side. 

Trans actus, a, um, part, (trans 



TRANSEO TRIUMPHALIS. 



259 



Transeo, ire, ii, Itum, irr. n. 
(trans & eo,) to pass or go 
over. 

Transfero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, 
irr. a. (trans & fero,) to trans- 
fer ; to carry over : se ad ali- 
quem, to go over to. 

Transf Igo, -figere, -fixi, -fixum, a. 
(trans & figo.) to pierce ; to 
run through ; to stab. 

Transfuga, se, c. a deserter. 

Transgredior, -gredi, -gressus 
sum, dep. (trans & gradior,) 
to go or pass over. 

Translgo, -igere, -egi, -actum, a. 
(trans & ago,) to transact; to 
finish ; to spend. 

Transilio, -silire, -silui & -silivi, 
n. (trans & salio,) to leap over. 

Transiturus, a, um, part, (trans- 
eo,) about to pass over; to 
pass on. 

Translatus, a, um, part (trans- 
fero.) 

Transmarinus, a, um, adj. (trans 
& mare,) beyond the sea; 
foreign ; transmarine. 

Transno. See Trano. 

Transveho, -vehere, -vexi, -vee- 
tum, a. (trans & veho,) to car- 
ry over ; to convey ; to trans- 
port. 

Transvolo, are, avi, atum, n. 
(trans & volo,) to fly over. 

Trasimenus, i, m. a lake in Etru- 
ria, near which the consul Fla- 
minius was defeated by Han- 
nibal, 

22* 



Trebia, se, f. a river of Cisalpine 

Gaul, emptying into the Po. 
Trecenti, aa, a, num. adj. pL 

three hundred. 
Trecenteslmus, a, um, num. adj. 

the three hundredth. 
Tredecim, num. adj. pi. ind. 

thirteen. 
Tres, tria, num. adj. pi. § 109 ; 

three. 
Treviri, orum, m. pi. a people of 

Belgium. 
Triangularis, e, adj. (triangulum,) 

triangular ; three-cornered. 
Tribunus, i, m. a tribune. 
Tribuo, uere, ui, utum, a. to at- 
tribute ; to give ; to grant ; to 

bestow; to commit. 
Tributum, i, n. a tribute ; a tax ; 

a contribution ; an assess- 
ment. 
Triceslmus, a, um, num. adj. the 

thirtieth. 
Triduum, i, n. the space of three 

days : per triduum, for three 

days. 
Triennium, i, n. (tres & annus,) 

the space of three years. 
Trigemini, orum, m. pi. three 

brothers born at one birth. 
Triginta, num. adj. pi. ind. thirty. 
Trinacria, 33, f. one of the names 

of Sicily. 
Triptolemus, i, m. the son of Ce« 

leus, king of Eleusis. 
Tristitia, 33, f. sorrow ; grief. 
Triumphalis, e, adj. (tnumphusj 

triumphal. 



260 



TRIUMPHANS TYRIUS. 



Triumphans, tis, part, from 

Triumpho, are, avi, atum, n. to 
triumph, 

Friumphus, i, m. a triumph ; a 
triumphal procession. 

Triumvir, viri, m. (tres & vir,) 
one of three joint public offi- 
cers ; a triumvir. 

Proas, adis, f. a country of Asia 
Minor, bordering upon the 
Hellespont. 

Trochilus, i, m. a ivren. 

Troglodytes, arum, c. pi. Trog- 
lodytes, a people of Ethiopia, 
who dwelt in caves. 

Troja, 33, f. Troy, the capital of 
Troas. 

Trojanus, a, um, adj. Trojan. 

Trucido, are, avi, atum, a. to slay; 
to murder ; to massacre. 

Trux, ucis, adj. savage ; cruel ; 
fierce ; stern ; grim. 

Tu, subs. pro. thou ; § 133. 

Tuba, se, f. a trumpet. 

Tuber, eris, n. a bunch ; a tu- 
mor; a protuberance. 

Tubicen, tnis, m. (tuba & cano,) 
a trumpeter. 

rue or, tueri, tuitus sum, dep. to 
defend; to protect. 

Tugurium, i, n. a hut ; a shed. 

Tuli. See Fero. 

Tullia, SB, f. the daughter of Ser- 
vius Tullius. 

Tullius, i, m. a Roman. 

Cullus, i, m. (Hostilius,) the third 
Roman king. 

Fum, adv. then; and; so; also: 



turn — turn, asweU — as; both 
— and : turn demum, then first 

Tumultus, us, m. a noise ; a tu- 
mult. 

Tumulus, i, m. a mound ; a tomb. 

Tunc, adv. then. 

Tunica, 83, f. a tunic; a close 
woollen garment, worn under 
the toga. 

Turbatus, a, um, part, disturbed; 
confused; troubled; from 

Turbo, are, avi, atum, a. (turba,) 
to disturb ; to trouble. 

Turma, 83, f. a troop ; a compa- 
ny. 

Turpis, e, adj. base ; disgraceful. 

Turpitudo, inis, f. baseness ; ug- 



Turris, is, f. a tower. 

Tuscia, 83, f. a country of Italy, 
the same as Etruria. 

Tusculum, i, n. a city of Latium. 

Tuscus, a, um, adj. Tuscan ; be- 
longing to Tuscany; Etru- 
rian. 

Tutor, oris, m. a guardian ; a tu- 
tor. 

Tutus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
safe. 

Tuus, a, um, adj. pro. § 139; (tu,) 
thy; thine 

Tyrannis, Idis & idos, f. tyranny; 
arbitrary power. 

Tyrannus, i, m. a tyrant; a 
usurper ; a king. 

Tyrius, a, um, adj. Tyrian: Tyr- 
ii, Tyrians ; inhabitants of 
Tyre. 



TYRRHENUS UT. 



261 



ryrrhenus, a, urn, adj. Tyrrhe- 
nian or Tuscan; belonging 
to Tuscany. 

Fyrus, i, f. a celebrated maritime 
city of Phoenicia. 

u. 

Liber, eris, n. an udder ; a teat. 
LTbertas, atis, f. fertility ; fruit- 

fulness. 
Ubi, adv. where ; when ; as soon 

as. 
Ubique, adv. every where. 
Ulcisor, ulcisci, ultus sum, dep. 

to take revenge; to avenge. 
CJllus, a, um, adj. § 107 ; any ; 

any one. 
Ulterior, us, (ultimus,) § 126, 1 ; 

further. 
Ulterius, adv. farther ; beyond ; 

longer. 
Ultlmus, a, um, adj. (sup. of ul- 
terior,) the last. 
Ultra, prep, beyond; more than: 

— adv. besides ; moreover ; 

further. 
Ultus, a, um, part (ulciscor,) 

having avenged. 
Ulysses, is, m. a distinguished 

king of Ithaca. 
Umbra, ae, f. a shade ; a shadow. 
Umbro, are, avi, atum, a. to 

shade ; to darken. 
Una, adv. (unus,) together. 
Unde, adv. whence ; from which. 
Undecim, num. adj. pi. ind. 

eleven. 



Undenonagesimus, a, um, num, 

adj. the eighty -ninth. 
Undequinquaginta, num. adj. pi. 

ind. forty-nine. 
Undetricesimus, a, um, num. adj 

twenty-ninth. [nineteenth. 

Undevicesimus, a, um, num. adj. 
Undeviginti, num. adj. nineteen. 
Undique, adv. on all sides. 
Unguis, is, m. a claw ; a talon ; 

a nail. 
Ungula, se, f. a claw ; a talon ; 

a hoof: binis ungulis, cloven- 
footed. 
Unlcus, a, um, adj. one alone ; 

sole; only. 
Unio, ouis, m. a pearl. 
Universus, a, um, adj. (unus & 

versus,) whole ; universal ; all. 
Unquam, adv. ever : nee un- 

quam, and never. 
Unus, a, um, num. adj. § 107 ; 

one ; only; alone. 
Unusquisque, unaquseque, unum- 

quodque, adj. each one ; each ; 

§ 138, 4. 
Urbs, is, f. a city ; the chief city ; 

Rome. 
Uro, urere, us si, ustum, a. to 

burn. 
Ursus, i, m. a bear. 
Usque, adv. even ; as far as; till 

until. 
Usus, a, um, part (utor.) 
Usus, us, m. use ; custom ; profit 

advantage. 
Ut, conj. that ; in order that ; so 

that; adv. as. 



262 



UTCUNQ.UE VEL. 



Utcunque, adv. howsoever; some- 
what ; in some degree. 

Uter, tra, trum, adj. § 107 ; which? 
which of the two? 

Uterque, traque, trumque, adj. 
§ 107 ; both ; each ; each of 
the two. 

Utilis, e, adj. (utor,) useful. 

Utica, ae, f. a maritime city of 
Africa, near Carthage. 

Utor, uti, usus sum, dep. to use ; 
to make use of. 

Utrinque, adv. on both sides. 

Utrum, adv. whether. 

Uva, ae, f. a grape; a bunch of 
grapes : passa, a raisin. 

Uxor, oris, f. a wife 



Vaco, are, avi, atum, n. to be free 
from. 

Vacuus, a, um, adj. empty ; un- 
occupied; vacant; free; ex- 
empt : vacuus viator, the des- 
titute traveller, 

Vadosus, a, um, adj. fordable ; 
shallow; from 

Vadum, i, n. a ford; a shallow. 

Vagans, tis, part, (vagor.) 

Vagina, ae, £ a scabbard; a 
sheath. 

Vagitus, us, m. weeping ; crying. 

Vagor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 
wander about ; to stray. 

Valeo, ere, ui, n. to be strong; to 
avail; to be distinguished ; to 
be eminent: multum valere, 



to be very powerful : vale, 
farewell. 

Valerius, i, m. a Roman proper 
name. 

Vallis, is, £ a valley ; a vale. 

Varietas, atis, £ (varius,) varie- 
ty ; change. 

Vario, are, avi, atum, a. to change; 
to vary ; from 

Varius, a, um, adj. various ; di- 
verse. 

Varro, onis, m. (Marcus,) a very 
learned Roman, some of whose 
works are still extant : P. Te- 
rentius, a consul, who was de- 
feated by Hannibal. 

Vasto, are, avi, atum, a. to lay 
waste ; to ravage ; from 

Vastus, a, um, adj. wide ; vast ; 
great. 

Vates, is, m. a poet; a bard. 

Ve, conj. (enclitic, § 198, R. 2,) 
or. 

Vecordia, ae, £ madness ; folly. 

Vectus, a, um, part, (veho.) 

Vehemens, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
vehement ; immoderate. 

Vehementer, adv. (ius, issime,) 
vehemently ; greatly ; very ; 
much; violently. 

Veho, vehere, vexi, vectum, a. 
to bear ; to carry ; to convey. 

Veiens, tis, & Veientanus, i, m. 
an inhabitant of Veii. 

Veii, orum, m. pi. a city of Tus- 
cany, memorable for the defeat 
of the Fabian family . 

Vel, conj. § 198, 2 ; or ; also 



VELLO VESPERI. 



263 



even : vel lecta, even when 

read : vel — vel, eitJier — or, 
Velio, vellere, velli or vulsi, vul- 

sum, a. to pluck, 
Melius, eris, n. a fleece, 
Velox, ocis, adj. (ior, isslmus,) 

swift; rapid; active. 
Velum, i, n. a sail, 
Velut, & Veluti, adv. (vel & ut,) 

as ; as if. 
Venalis, e, adj. venal ; mercena- 
ry. 
Venans, tis, part, (venor.) 
Venaticus, a, um, adj. belonging 

to the chase : canis, a hound. 
Venator, oris, m. (venor,) ahunts- 

man, 
Vendlto, are, avi, atum, freq. to 

sell; from 
Vendo, vendere, vendldi, vendi- 

tum, a. (venum & do,) to sell. 
Venenatus, a, um, adj. poisoned; 

poisonous; from 
Venenum, i, n. poison. 
Veneo, ire, ii, irr. n. § 142, 3 ; to 

be exposed for sale ; to be 

sold. 
Venetus, i. m., or Brigantinus, a 

lake between Germany and 

Switzerland, called the Boden 

sea, or lake of Constance. 
Venio, venire, veni, ventum, n. 

to come ; to advance. 
Venor, ari, atus sum, dep. to 

hunt. 
Venter, tris, m. the belly; the 

stomach. 
Ventus, i, m. a wind. 



Venus, eris, f. the goddess of 
love and beauty. 

Ver, veris, n. the spring. 

Verber, eris, n. a whip ; a rod; 
a blow ; a stripe. 

Verbero, are, avi, atum, a. to 
strike. 

Verbum, i, n. a word. 

Vere, adv. (verus,) truly. 

Vereor, eri, Itus sum, dep. to 
fear ; to be concerned for. 

Vergo, vergere, versi, n. to tend 
to ; to incline ; to verge tow- 
ards ; to bend; to look. 

Verisimilis, e, adj. (verum & sim- 
Ilis,) probable. 

Veritus, a, um, part, (vereor.) 

Vero, conj. § 279, 3, (verus,) but: 
— adv. indeed ; truly. 

Verona, sb, f. Verona, a citjj in 
the north of Italy. 

Versatus, a, um, part, from 

Versor, ari, atus sum, dep. freq. 
(verto,) to turn ; to revolve ; to 
dwell ; to live ; to reside. 

Versus, a, um, part, (vertor.) 

Versus, prep, towards. 

Vertex, Icis, m. the top ; the sum- 
mit ; the crown of the head. 

Verto, tere, ti, sum, a. to turn • 
to change. 

Veru, u, n. § 87 ; a spit. 

Verum, conj. but ; but yet ; from 

Verus, a, um, adj. true. 

Vescor, i, dep. to live upon ; to 
feed upon ; to eat ; to subsist 
upon. 

Vesperi, or -e, adv. at evening: 



264 



VESTA VILLA. 



tarn vesperi, so late at even- 
ing. 

Vesta, 83, f. a goddess, the mother 
of Saturn. 

Vestalis, is, f. (virgo,) a Vestal 
virgin, a priestess consecrated 
to the service of Vesta. 

Vestibulum, i, n. the porch; the 
vestibule. 

Vestigium, i, n. a footstep ; a ves- 
tige; a trace; a mark; a track. 

Vestio, ire, ivi, itum, a. to clothe ; 
from 

Vestis, is, f. a garment ; clothes. 

Vesulus, i, m. a high mountain 
of IAguria, and a part of the 
Cottian Alps. 

Veteranus, a, um, adj. (vetus,) 
old ; a veteran. 

Veto, are, ui, itum, a. to forbid; 
to prohibit. 

Veturia, 83, f. the mother of Cori- 
oldnus. 

Veturius, i, m. (Titus,) a Roman 
consul, who ivas defeated by 
the Samnites at the Caudine 
Forks. 

Vetus, eris, adj. ancient; old: 
veteres, the ancients. 

Vetustas, atis, f. antiquity ; age. 

Vetustus, a, um, adj. old; an- 
cient. 

Vexi. See Veho. 

Via, ae, f. a way ; a course ; a 
path; a journey. 

Viator, oris, m. a traveller. 

Viceni, 83, a, num. adj. pi. every 
twenty; twenty. 



Vicesimus, a, um, num. adj. the 
twentieth. 

Vici. See Vinco. 

Vicies, num. adv. twenty times. 

Vicinltas, atis, f. the neighbor- 
hood ; vicinity ; from 

Vicinus, a, um, adj. near ; neigh- 
boring. 

Vicinus, i, m. a neighbor. 

Vicis, gen. f. § 94 ; change ; re- 
verse ; a place ; a turn : in 
vie em, in turn ; in place of; 
instead. 

Victlma, 33, f. a victim ; a sacri- 
fice. 

Victor, oris, m. (vinco,) a victor; 
a conqueror : — adj. victorious. 

Victoria, 83, f. a victory. 

Victurus, a, um, part, (from vivo.) 

Victus, a, um, part, (vinco.) 

Vicus, i, m. a village. 

Video, videre, vidi, visum, a. to 
see ; to behold. 

Videor, videri, visus sum, pass. 
to be seen; to seem; to ap- 
pear. 

Viduus, a, um, adj. bereaved; 
widowed : mulier vidua, a 
widow. 

Vigil, ilis, m. a watchman. 

Vigilans, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
watchful ; vigilant. 

Vigilia, 83, f. a watching : — pi. 
the watch. 

Viginti, num. adj. pi. ind. twenty. 

Vilis, e, adj. vile ; bad ; mean. 

Villa, 83, f. a country-house ; a 
country-seat ; a villa. 



VILLICUS VIVIDUS. 



265 



Villicus, i, m. an overseer of an 
estate ; a steward. 

Villus, i, m. long hair; coarse 
hair. 

Vincio, vincire, vinxi, vinctum, 
a. to bind. 

Vinco, vincere, vici, victum, a. 
to conquer; to vanquish; to 
surpass. 

Vinctus, a, um, part (vincio.) 

Vinculum, i, n. a chain : in vin- 
cula conjicere, to throw into 
prison. 

Vindex, Icis, c. an avenger; a 
protector ; a defender ; an as- 
serter ; from 

Vindico, are, avi, atum, a. to 
claim; to avenge. 

Vindicta, se, f. vengeance; pun- 
ishment. 

Vinum, i, n. wine. 

Viola, se, f. a violet. 

Violo, are, avi, atum, a. to vio- 
late ; to pollute ; to corrupt. 

Vir, viri, m. a man. 

Vireo, ere, ui, n. to be green ; to 
be verdant ; to flourish. 

Vires. See Vis. 

Virga, se, f. a rod ; a small staff; 
a switch. 

Virgilius, i, m. Virgil, a very 
celebrated Latin poet. 

Virginia, se, f. the daughter of 
Virginius. 

Virginius, i, m. the name of a dis- 
tinguished Roman centurion. 

Virgo, inis, f. a virgin ; a girl ; 
a maid. 



Virgula, se, f. (dim. from virga,) 
a small rod. 

Viriathus, i, m. a Imsitanian 
general, who was originally a 
shepherd, and afterwards a 
leader of robbers. 

Viridomarus, i, m. a king of the 
Gauls, slain by Marcellus. 

Virtus, utis, f. (vir,) virtue ; merit; 
excellence ; power ; valor ; 
faculty. 

Vis, vis, f. § 85 ; power ; strength ; 
force : vis hominum, a multi- 
tude of men : vim facere, to do 
violence : — pi. vires, ium, pow- 
er ; strength. 

Viscus, eris, n. an entrail : visce- 
ra, pi. the bowels ; the flesh. 

Vistula, se, f. a river of Prussia, 
which still bears the same name, 
and which was anciently the 
eastern boundary of Germany. 

Visurgis, is, m. the Weser, a large 
river of Germany. 

Visus, a, um, part, (video.) 

Vis us, us, m. the sight. 

Vita, se, f. life. 

Vitandus, a, um, part (vito.) 

Vitifer, era, erum, adj. (vitis & 
fero,) vine-bearing. 

Vitis, is, f. a vine. 

Vitium, i, n. a crime. 

Vito, are, avi, atum, a. to shun; 
to avoid. 

Vitupero, are, avi, atum, a. to 
find fault with ; to blame. 

Vividus, a, um, adj. lively; vivid; 
from 



266 



VIVO ZONE. 



Vivo, vivere, vixi, victum, n. to 
live; to fare; to live upon. 

Vivus, a, um, adj. living ; alive. 

Vix, adv. scarcely. 

Vixi. See Vivo. 

Voco, are, avi, atum, a. (vox,) to 
call ; to invite ; to name. 

Volo, are, avi, atum, n. to fly. 

Volo, velle, volui, irr. a. § 178, 1 ; 
to wish ; to desire ; to be will- 
ing. 

Volsci, or ;m, m. pi. a people of 
Latium 

Volucer, -t ris, -ere, adj. winged : 
— subs, a bird. 

Volumnia, se, f. the wife ofCorio- 
lanus. 

Voluntas, atis, f. (volo,) the will. 

Voluptas, atis, f. (volupe,) pleas- 
ure ; sensual pleasure. 

Volutatus, a, um, part, from 

Vo T ato, are, avi, atum, a. freq. 
; volvo,) to roll. 

Va vo, vere, vi, utum, a. to roll ; 
to turn. 

Votum, i, n (voveo,) a wish; a 
vow. 

Vox, vocis, f. a voice; a word; 
an expression; an exclama- 
tion. 

Vulcanus, i, m. Vulcan, the god 
of fire, the son of Jupiter and 
Juno. 

Vulgus, i, m. or n. the common 
people ; the populace ; the vul- 
gar. 

Vulneratus, a, um, part, from 



Vulnero, are, avi, atum, a. to 

wound; from 
Vulnus, eris, n. a wound. 
Vulpecula, ae, f. dim. (vulpes,^ 

a little fox. 
Vulpes, is, f. a fox. 
Vultur, uris, m. a vulture. 
Vultus, us, m. the countenance; 

the look. 



X. 

Xanthippe, es, f. the wife qf 

Socrates. 
Xanthippus, i, m. a Lacedcemo- 

nian general, who was sent to 

assist the Carthaginians, in 

the first Punic war. 
Xenocrates, is, m. a philosopher 

of Chalcedon, the successor of 

Speusippus in the Academia. 
Xerxes, is, m. a celebrated king 

of Persia. 



Z. 

Zama, ae, f. a city of Africa. 

Zeno, onis, m. a philosopher of 
Citium, a town of Cyprus, 
and founder of the sect of the 
Stoics. 

Zetes, is, m. a son of Boreas. 

Zona, 83, f. a girdle ; a zone. 

Zone, es, f. a city and promon- 
tory in the western part of 
Thrace, opposite to the island 
ofThasus. 



NOTES AND REFERENCES 



FIRST LATIN BOOK 



By means of the following Notes, the Reader can be used in connection with 
Andrews' First Latin Book. The same letters which originally, by means of notes 
at the foot of the page, referred to the sections of Andrews and Stoddard's 
Grammar, may now be taken as referring also to these Notes, and through these 
to the First Latin Book. 

In preparing these Notes, while regard has constantly been had to the editor's 
former mode of commenting simply by reference to the Grammar, occasional 
explanations have been added, for the sake of the younger classes. In some 
instances, when special reasons seemed to render it expedient, the reference to 
the First Latin Book relates to a different principle from the corresponding one te 
the Grammar, and sometimes, though rarely, a reference to the Grammar is here 
left with no corresponding note. In addition, however, to the original notes, 
numerous references will be found in the following pages, to principles con- 
tained in the First Latin Book ; and as in such cases the text contains no letter of 
reference, the word or phrase to be explained is cited in the notes. 

What is the rule for the agreement of a verb 1 Less. 90, 2. page 
What is a sentence ? L. 83, 1. Of what does a simple 7* 
sentence or proposition consist 7 L. 83, 3. What is the subject 
of a sentence 1 L. 83, 4. What is the predicate ? L. 83, 5. 
The grammatical subject ? L. 84, 2. The grammatical predi- 
cate *? L. 84, 3. How many moods have Latin verbs 7 L. 47, 1. 
How do the several moods represent an action 1 L. 47, 2. 
What is an active verb ? L. 46, 3. What are the terminations 
of the active voice, indicative mood, present tense, in each 
conjugation 1 L. 52. * L. 5, 1 ; and L. 17, 2. J L. 5, 1 ; and 
L. 9, 1 ; and L. 10, 1. When are the nominatives ego, tu } nc$. 

23 



268 NOTES. 

PAGE 

and vos omitted 1 L. 51, R. 4. * L. 15, 1 and 2. d L. 5, II. 

arbor, L. 12, 1, and L. B., or. 

8. « L. 5, I. ; and L. 12, 2. & L. 12, 1 and 2. c L. 9, 1 ; andL. 11. 
d L. 7, 3 ; and L. 25 ; and L. 26, Exc. 1. sol, L. F. • L. 18, 2 and 
4. / L. 15, 1 j and L. 17, 1 \ and N. e L. 5, N. 3. h L. 15, 1, 2, 
and 3. How does the imperfect tense represent an action ? L. 
47, 7. What are the terminations of the active voice, indicative 
mood, imperfect tense, in each conjugation ? L. 52, p. 75. i L. 
62, 2. ;' L. 8. How does the future tense represent an action ? 
L. 47, 8. What are the terminations of the active voice, indi- 
cative mood, future tense, in each conjugation ? L. 52, p. 75. 
Dens, L. 9, Ex. 4. * L. 12, 1 ; and L. 15, 2. i L. 12, 2, 3, and 
L. B. or. How does the perfect tense represent an action 7 ? L. 
47, 9. What are the terminations of the active voice, indicative 
mood, perfect tense ? L. 54. * See Ref. *, above, and L. 63. 
*» L. 48, 6 ; and L. 49. s See Ref. s } above. How does the 
pluperfect tense represent an action ? L. 47, 10. What are the 
terminations of the active voice, indicative mood, pluperfect 
tense ? L. 54, p. 78. How does the future perfect tense represent 
an action? L. 47, 11. What are the terminations of the active 
voice, indicative mood, future perfect tense ? L. 54, p. 78. 

9. How do the several moods represent an action ? L. 47, 2. 
What are the terminations of the active voice, subjunctive 
mood, present tense, in each conjugation? L. 56. How is the 
subjunctive used in independent sentences ? L. 57, 2. — Note. The 
first six sentences in the subj. pres. are to be taken independently. 
The first and fifth can be translated as hortatory, by let; the re- 
mainder as denoting wishes or requests, by may ; as, " may for- 
tune favor." a Li. F. What are the terminations of the active 
voice, subjunctive mood, imperfect tense, in each conjugation? 
L. 56, p. 80. b L. 77. « L. 5, II. What are the terminations 
of the active voice, subjunctive mood, perfect tense 1 L. 58. d L. 
9, 1 and 2. What are the terminations of the active voice, 
subjunctive mood, pluperfect tense? L. 58. e L. 64. / L. 76. 
How do the several moods represent an action ? L. 47, 2. s L. 
126, 1. Define the passive voice. L. 46, 9. What is frequently 
omitted, or left indefinite, w r ith the active voice ? With the 
passive voice ? L. 46, N. 4. What are the terminations of 
the passive voice, indicative mood, present tense, in each conju- 
gation ? L. 66. 



NOTES. 269 

PAGE 

« L. 15, 1 ; and L. 17, 2. b L. 12, 1 ; and L. 13. e L. 8, 1 and lO. 

2. d L. 18, 2 and 3 ; L. 23, II., and R. 2. What are the termi- 
nations of the passive voice, indicative mood, imperfect tense, in 
each conjugation ^ L. 66. e L. 9, 1 ; and L. 11. What are ttie 
terminations of the passive voice, indicative mood, future tense, 
in each conjugation'? L. 66. / L. 26, 1 and 3. What are the 
terminations of the passive voice, indicative mood, perfect tense'? 
— pluperfect tense 1 — future-perfect tense % L. 68. What are the 
terminations of the passive voice, subjunctive mood, present 
tense i — imperfect tense 1 L. 70 — perfect tense % — pluperfect 
tense 1 L. 72. What are the terminations of the passive voice, 
imperative mood, in each conjugation 1 L. 74. e L. 126, 1. 
fcL. 13, and L. C, o. 

What is the rule for the predicate-nominative % L. 92, 1. *L11» 
B, os, and L. C, os. b L. 79. « L. 5, 1, and N. 1. * L. 15, 1 ; and 
16, 1. e L. 5, N. 3; and L. 17, 2. What is the rule for the 
agreement of adjectives 1 L. 91, 1. What is the logical subject 
of a proposition ? L. 85, 1 — the logical predicate 1 L. 85, 1. /L. 
37; and L. 28, 2 ; and L. 17, 2. s L. 15, 1 ; and L. 17, 1, and N. 
h Nom. plur. neut. Vetera; Gen. plur. veterum, L. 37, Exc. p. 57. 
i L. 29, N. 2. i L. 32, 1. & How is this adjective used 1 L. 91, 
N. 1. 

*L. 90, 3. b L. 91,2. <L. 40, 3. d L. 121, 6, (6.) ^L. 88, 1,12. 
and R. 2. / L. 14, 1 and 2. s L. 18, 2 ; L. 20, 2. a Is this noun 
the subject of the sentence, or is it the predicate'? L. 83, 4 and 5. 
i L. 91, 4. J* Bipedes, " two footed," i. e., on "two feet." It is 
a predicate adjective following the verb of motion ingrediuntur, 
L. 92, 2, and R. 1, (a.) * L. 90, N. 2. i L. 32, 1, and R. 3. 
™ L. 82, 3-5 : What do these adverbs modify % What is the rule 
for the object of an active verb in the active voice % L. 96, 1. 
9 L. 27, and Exc. »L 9, 1 ; and L. 11, 1. p L. 81, 2, 3 and 4. 
* L. F, Exes, in gender and in declension — us. T See preceding 
note. • L. G, I., 2. * L. 12, 1, and R. *L. B, or. • L. C, ex. 
» L. 45, R. 2. 

a L. C, es. b What is omitted before vinum and litter as ? c L. 13# 
32, 1. dL. 45, R. 2. « L. 88, 1, and R. 1. / iVwi, and other 
tenses of nosco, derived from the 2d root, are used like the same 
tenses of odi and mernlni ; L. 81,4. e L. 18, 2 and 3. h L. 9. i L. 
15, 1 ; and L. 17, 2. j L. J, 9. What is the rule for nouns in 
apposition 1 L. 89, 1. & L. 40, 3. i L. 39, 6, and N. 2. m L. 116, 
4. »L. 18, 2j L. 20, 2. °L 109. p L. 116, 5. ?L 5, II. 



270 NOTES. 

PAGE 

'L. 15, 1, and L. 17. 1, and N. * L. 118, 2. 'L. 117, N. 1. 

« L. 35. * L. 24, 8. What is the rule for the genitive after 
nouns'? L. 100. *>L. 92. 

14. Infinita, L. 92, 2. a L. 15, 1 and 5. Antiquissimus, Li. 39, N.2. 
& L. 90, R. 2. * iV<m benignus, " a not kind," i. e., " an unkind." 

L. 92. * What verb is here omitted 1 L. 90, N. 3. What is 
the rule for the genitive after adjectives 7 L. 104 — after parti- 
tives ? L. 103. / L. 126, 2. g L. 18, 2 and 4. a L. 24, 6. * Su- 
perlatives followed by a partitive genitive are used like nouns, 
agreeing in gender and number, though not in case, with the 
genitives following them ; as stultissima animalium, i. e., stultis- 
sima animalia. What is the rule for the dative after adjectives 
and verbs 1 L. 109. J L. 96, 1. * L. 45, 2. 

15. «L. 88, 2. &L. 9, I; and L. 11. * l. 32, 1. dL. 15,1; and 
L. 13. • L. 90, R. 2. / L. 97, 1. g L. 40, 2. * L. 113 and N. 
i L. 21, summa, L. 40, 3 and 39, N. 2. 3 L. 39, 6. * L. 99. i L. 
114. m See ne quidem, in Diet., under ne. » L. 91, N. 1. 
What is a preposition ? L. 82, 7 — the rule for the accusative 
after prepositions % L. 97, 1. ° L. 91, 4. p L. 12, 1, and L. 14, 4. 
To find the nom. sing, of culices make use of L. 22, I., of R. 3, 
and R. 2. v L. 91, 5. T L. 10, R. 2. Mitis is sometimes followed 
by a dative ; here it takes erga with the accusative. L. 109, R. 5. 

16. <* L. 97, 3. 6 L. 22, L, R. 1. < L. 47, N. 2 ; and L. 96, N. 2. 
What is the rule for in and sw£ ? L. 97, 3. <*L. 88, 2. « L. 15, 
1 ; and L. 16, 2. / L. 75, 2. e L. 82, (1.) a L. 8, 5. « L. 126, 
2: and L. 57, 2. What is the rule for the ablative after prepo- 
sitions 1 L. 99. JL,. 117, N. 1. h L. 32, 1 and 3. 

IT. a L. 144, N. & L. 12, 1. * L. 117, N. 2. « Primus is trans- 
lated as if it were primum limiting duxit, " first led." L. 
91, 9. / Esse, " exist," L. 95, N. 5. * L. 17, 1, and N. h Possum 
is sometimes followed by the accusative of a neuter adjective or 
pronoun, nihil, &c, where in English we supply do or the like ; 
as, nihil potest, " can do nothing." Dulce, L. 91, 7. *L. 95, 4. 
What is the rule for nouns denoting the cause, manner, &c. 1 L. 
117, 1 — for utor, &c. ? — for verbs signifying to rejoice, glory or 
confide in, &c. ? L. 116, 4 — for verbs which in English are fol- 
lowed by with? L. 117, 2 — for verbs signifying to abound, &c. ? 
L- 117, 3— for the ablative of price and time? L. 118, 1 and 2— 
for a genitive or ablative of property, character or quality ? L. 
It.. JL. 110, 1. *L. 89. i L. 12, 1; and L. 22, I., and R. 1. 
*» L. B, er. 



NOTES. 271 

PAGE 

«L. 39, N. 2. bh. 5,11. cL. 9. <*L. 44, N. « L. 7, 3; and 18. 

L. 25, 1. / L. 12. 1. Prioribus, sc. pedibus, " their fore feet." ff L. 
79, N. a Sing. foews, m. ; plur. commonly Z<?c#, %. iL. 103, 1. 
&JL 101. Upon what may the infinitive depend 1 L. 95, 5. 
After what classes of verbs is the infinitive used without a sub- 
ject 1 L. 95, N. 5. After what classes of verbs does the infini- 
tive with a subject accusative follow ? L. 95, N. 4. 

What is the object of cupio ? L. 95, 5 ; and L. 96, R. 2. « L. 19. 
18, 2 and 3 : to find the nom. sing., see L. 23, II., and R. 2. b L. 
76. • L. J, 5. Tiberim, L. G, I., 1. d L. 47, N. 2. • L. 99, R. 2. 
/L. 126, 2. ffL. 92, 2. a L. 81, Exc. < L. 111. ;L. 117, 1. 
What is the rule for the infinitive as a subject *? L. 95, 4. * L. 
90, 5. * L. 91, 7. 

a L. 109. With what does turpius agree ? b Suos being used SO. 
without reference to a definite person, is to be translated " one's." 
What are gerunds'? L. 47, 17. By what cases are gerunds fol- 
lowed ? L. 123, 2. How are gerunds governed 1 L. 123, 3. 
What rule is to be given for the genitive of gerunds ? L. 100. 
^L. 117, 1. rfL. 17, 2: to find the nom. sing, see L. 22, I., and 
R. 2. e A predicate adjective. / L. 117, 1. Nova. L. 91, 5. ^L. 
109, and L. 91, 4, " to one ignorant of reading." h From ineo. 
i Instead of urbem delendi, cives trucidandi, nomen Romdnum ex- 
stinguendi. L. 123, 4. What is the rule for the dative of gerunds 
and gerundives 1 L. 109. iL. 47, N. 2. * Et—et, see etm Diet. 
What is the rule for the accusative of gerunds and gerundives 1 
L. 97. Ad discendum. L. 123, 5. 

a For what is cedificandam used % L. 123, 4. What is the rule 21. 
for the ablative of gerunds and gerundives 1 Answer. Either L. 
99, or L. 117, 1, according as a preposition is or is not expressed. 
b This adverb modifies the gerund on account of the gerund hav- 
ing the nature of a verb. L. 88 : see also L. 123, 1. Lacedcemonii, 
drum, subst. m., the Lacedemonians, e " Were accustomed to 
exercise." L. 47, N. 2. What is a compound sentence ? L. 93, 
1. How may the members of a compound sentence be con- 
nected'? L. 93, 8. What is the rule for copulative and disjunc- 
tive conjunctions? L. 88, II. d L. 92, 1. *L. 82, 8, (4.) What 
is the object of accipere? L. 96, 1. /What is the subject of 
prcestat? L. 95, 4 ; and L. 81, 8 and 9. 

a A conjunction placed before each of two or more connected 22. 
words, gives peculiar emphasis to each. & L. 15, 1 ; and L. 17, 
R. What is the root of nox? How is the nom. sing, formed*? 
23* 



272 NOTES. 

PAGE 

In translating nox erat, supply it before the verb, and let the noun 
follow the verb, " it was night." L. 22, I., R. 1 and 2. *L. 90, 3. 
dTo what class of conjunctions does this belong? L. 82, (3.) 
e L. 131, N. / L. 109, R. 2 : the dative after a verb is often thus 
used in Latin, where the English idiom requires a possessive 
case or a possessive adjective pronoun; as, mihi in mentem 
revoeo, " I recall to my mind." s On what verb does the depend- 
ent clause crocodilum crescere depend ? L. 95, N. 4. Why is cro- 
codilian in the accusative ? L. 95, 3. "What is to be supplied in 
English before the subject of the infinitive'? L. 95, N. 1. ftL. 
128, II. i L. 95, 1. Autem, enim and vero occupy the second 
or third place in their clause, u L. 98. i What are the two con- 
structions which may follow the comparative degree 1 Ans. A 
dependent clause connected by quam, or an ablative. When is 
the comparative degree followed by an ablative'? L. 119, 1. 
When quam is expressed, what case follows if? L. 119, 2. 
m What words are to be supplied ? n What is the positive of 
this adjective 1 — its root ? How are the comparative and super- 
lative formed'? L. 39, 6. 

23. a L. 36, 2. b What is to be supplied before this genitive 1 * In 
what case is feres, and why ? L. 109. Why is komini in the 
dative ? d L. 1 and 9. e What is the rule for the construction 
of relatives ? L. 94, 2. / L. 78. s L. 15, 1 ; L. 17, 2; and L. 22, 
Land 2. k L. 18, 2. iL. 117, 1. jL. 116,4. * Is, though often 
following qui, is commonly to be translated before it : bona^ 
"good things;" mala, "evil things." L. 91, 5. i L. 79. m L. 
104, and R 1. » L. F, us. o L. 133, 1. 

24. What mood follows cum? L. 132, 2. How is the subjunc- 
tive after adverbs of time to be translated? L. 132, R. 1. « L. 
117, 2. c l. 116, 4. d L. 15, 1 and 2. « See Ref. e, p. 17. / L. 
117, 1. s L. 81, 6-12. ^L. 89, 1. For what purpose is rex Ma- 
cedonice added? L. 89, R. iL 110. What is the rule for the 
mood in a clause denoting a purpose, object or result ? L. 133, 1. 
3 L. 134, 3. k L. 5, IL, and L, 97, 3. i Give the rules for forming 
its nom. sing. L. 22, I., and R. 1 and 3. » Rule for its nom. 
sing. n Ne-quidem, " not even," see Diet. ° L. H, 1. p L. 97, 4. 
? Dico, duco and facto, like fero, p. 104, commonly lose e in the 
2nd pers. sing, of the imperative active, and become die, duc,fac. 
L. 129, p. 171. r L. 106, 1. « L. 109. « L. 128, I. 

25m a " Him" i. e., Alexander. & The subj. imperfect after the per- 
fect indefinite, L. 135, 2. <L. 116, 4. dL. 34, and L. 2, 5, (£). 



NOTES. 273 

PACK 

• L. 135, 1. / L. 88, I., R. 1. e L. 133, 1 and 6. k L. 123, 3 ; and 
L. 117, 1. »L 135, 1. J L. 108,2, and R. 1. * L. 95, N. 6. i L. 
135. 2. In what mood is the verb of an indirect question % L.129, 1. 
When is a question indirect 1 L. 129, N. How is the subjunc- 
tive in indirect questions translated'? L. 129, 2. m L. 36, 3. 
What is to be supplied 1 n Its subjects are the preceding clauses, 
L. 90, 5, and L. 91, 7. What is the rule for the infinitive with the 
accusative 1 L. 95,3. What word is to be supplied in English 
before the subject of the infinitive 1 L. 95, N. 1. ° L. 117, N. 1. 

«L. 117, N. 1. b Supply esse, which is often omitted in the 26. 
compound forms of the infinitive. « L. 95, 3. d L. 90, 5, and L. 
91, 7. e L. 97. 1. / What preceding thing does the pronoun id 
here indicate 1 See L. 41, 1. *L. 8. 5. What is the rule for 
the agreement of participles % L. 91, 1. By what cases are they 
followed'* L. 121, 9. What is said of the time denoted by the 
present, perfect, and future active participles'? L. 121, N. 3. 
*L. 117, 1. iL. 96,2. 

• See Ref. e, p. 17. b L. 108, 1. « A Greek accusative, L. G. 27. 
IL, 1 ; see also L. D, is. d L. 98. e L. Ill, and N. 1. / L. 121, 
9, and L. 96, N. 2. sh. 89, R., " when a boy." &L. 117, 1. »On 
what does this infinitive depend 1 iL. 91, 4. * L. 110, 1 ; and L. 
91,4. i L. 116, 4. Congregantur ; the passive voice is here 
used like what is called in Greek the middle voice, or like the 
active voice with se. m "In that," or, "in the thing," L. 91,5. 
« What does this adverb modify ? ° 105, 1. p L, 108, R. 2. 

Satidti, L. 122, 2. <*L. 110. 6 97, 4. * Transituri, "when 28. 
about to pass over," L. 121, 4 ; and L. 122, 2 — lauddtus, "when 
praised." L. 121, 5; and L. 122,2. c*L. 117, N. 1. « " Upon 
those which go before (them)," L. 122, 3 ; and L. 111. / L. H, 1. 
s L. 116, 5. h L. 92 — Bucepkalo7i, a Greek noun, L. 11, 2 and 3; 
also L. 92, 1, and L. 121, 9. iL. Ill, N. 2—heres, L. 92, 1, and 
L. 121, 9. J L. 109, R. 1. * L. 133, 1. i L. 88, 2. 

«L. 108, R. 1. &L. 111. cL. 101. dL. 123, and L. 109. e L. 29, 
133, 1, and L. 134, 1 and 3. / L. 123, 4 and 5. * L. 113, and N. 
h L. 91, 4. What is the rule for the ablative absolute ? L. 120. 
Senescente Lund, L. 120, N. 2 : the same note is applicable to the 
other ablatives marked (*). i L. 97, 3. J L. 108, 2. * L. 103, N. 
•2. -*L. 120, R. 1. «L 108, 1. 

Aculeo amisso, L. 120, N. 3. * L. 117, 1. Convolvuntur, in a 30. 
middle or reflexive sense, for se convolvunt. See note on congre- 
gantur, p. 27. b L. 45, 4. c l. 133, 1, and N. 1. 



274 NOTES. 

mux 

FABLES. 

PAGE 

31. a Metu, " through fear," or, " influenced by fear." L. 117, 1 ; L. 
133, 1 and 2. b L. 97, 3. * L. 118, 2. d L. 128, R. « L. 91, 4. 
/L. 95, 3. ^L. 121, 6 (A). *L. 95, N. 4. « L. 117, I. J Exo- 
rdvit here takes an ace, of the person and a subj. clause with ut, 
denoting the thing, L. 96,3, and N. 6. * L. 120, " That having 
gnawed the nets, he would set him at liberty ;" or, il that he 
would gnaw the nets and set him at liberty," L. 120, N. 3; or, 
" to gnaw the nets and," &c, L. 133, 2. Liberdtus. L. 121, 5, (a). 
i L. 88, 2. m What is the object of this verb 1 L. 96, R. 2. » L. 
95, N. 5. o L. 129, 1 and 2. p L. 112, 1. ? L. 122, 3. 

32. « L. 109. & L. 127, R. * L. 90, R. 2. d L. 90, R. 2. • L. 45, 
R. 2. / L. 94, 1 and 2. * L. 91, 4. a L. 133, 1 and 2. s L. 91, 
5. j L. 88, 2. * L. 88, I., R. 2. i L. 47, N. 2. » L. 89, 1. » L. 
128, 1. ° Autem, enim and ^m? commonly occupy the second 
place in a clause. JEfrma is in the ace, the subject of conferri, 
L. 95, 3. p The subject of oportuit is, omnia bona in unum con- 
ferri, L. 95, 4 : see also L. 81, 6, 8, and 9. * L. 97, 3. r L. 120, and 
N. 2. In translating a participle, its time must conform to that 
of the verb with which it is connected ; as, adveniente domino 
grues avolant, " when the owner comes, the cranes ^% off;" adve- 
niente domino grues avoldbant, " when the owner came, the cranes 
flew off," &c. « L. 117, 1. * L. 47, N. 2. 

33. a L. 121, 9. Relinquis, L. 50, R. 4 and 5. & L. 113. * L. 91, 5. 
For the case of tutis, see L. 111. d Dulcia tutis prceponere is the 
subject of est, e L. 82, (4), and L. 50, R. 3. / The adverb is 
often separated from the word which it modifies by the oblique 
case of a noun modifying the same word, s L. 117, 1. h L. 50, 
R. 4. i L. 116, 4. i L. 111. * i L. 107, 2, and N. m « Was ac- 
customed to lie," or, " kept lying," L. 47, N.2. * L. 24, 3. ° L. 
117, 1. * L. 103, 1, and L. I, 6. ? L. 42, 1. * L. 116, 4. • L. 
133, 1, and 134, 1. * The subjunctive denoting a result after 
quern, L. 133, 1, and L. 134, 2 and 3. «L. 111. «L. 132, 2. 
« L. 134, 3. 

34:. «L 117, 1. & L. 121, 9. c Quidem follows an emphatic 
word, d L. 88, I., 1. e L. 110, 4. / L. 79, N. * L. 97, 4. a L. 
47, N. 2. i L. 29, N. 2. J L. 9, Exc. 3. * L. 126, 3. i L. 110, 1. 
^L. 47, 11. *L. 95, 3. ° L. 88, 2. ?L. 95, N. 4. ? L. 40, 3. 
•■ When a noun is limited by another noun and by an adjective, 



NOTES. 275 

PAGE 

he adjective usually stands first. * L. 120. « L. 117, N. 1. 

* L. 103, 3. • L. 129, 1 and 2. « L. 117, 2 * L. 131, 1. v L. 
U9, N. 3. 

«L. 91, 4. 6L 117, 1. C L. 95, 5. ^L. 95, N. 4. « Supply t<*36. 
)efore quod, " that which," or " what." / L. 111. s " Had seen 
it first," the comparative is used when only two are spoken of. 
L. 39, 4. ili 128, II., 1 and N. *L. 82, 7, (1.) *L 116, 4. 
'• Peto has various constructions, it is here construed with the ace. 
Df the thing and the abl. of the person with a ; see L. 96, 3, and 
N". 6. m L. 98. n " Not even our bodies ;" see note ( c ), p. 34. ° L. 
110, 1. p L. 131, 1, and (a.) 

Spectdtur has for its subject the clause, quid fiat. L. 90, 5. a L. 36. 
129, 1 and 2. 6 L. 120, and N. 3. * L. 94, N. 2. *L. 132, 2. 
' L. 131, 1, and (a) and (£.) /" These fellows." L. 42, N. 2. 

* L. 103, 1. h See note («), p. 32. « Epulor takes either the #cc. or 
he <zM. L. 116, 5. jL. 133, 1 and 2. * L. 128, R. i L. 134, 3. 

* L. 132. * L. 91, 5 ; and L. 95, 3. ° L. 95, N. 4. p L. 95, N. 
5. 9 L. 117, N. 1. r L. 126, 3. s Neque, " and not," is properly 
Doth an adverb and a conjunction. ' L. 127, R. " L. 123, 3 ; and 
L. 100. *L. 91, 4. ™L. 121, 6, (b) ; and L. 95, N. 4. * JS?w, 
/m, " those who," or " such as." y L. 123, 3 and 5. * L. 133, 1 ; 
■and L. 134, 1, 2 and 3. 

& Reduce re depends on conatce. L. 95, N. 5. & L. 96, R. 2. 3T« 
s 7?^r se, " between themselves," or " with each other." Face- 
rent. L. 134, 1. d L. 120, and N. 2. « L. 95, 3, and N. 4. /L. 
91, 4; and L. 111. * L. 96, R. 2. ff L. 131, 1. *& 95, N. 4. 
The subject of fore is the clause following, beginning with ut. 
i The distributives denote the number of eggs expected each day, 
L. 38, 4. / L. 132, 2, and R. 1. i L. 91, N. 1. * L. 117, 1. Con- 
vpicdta — discedens. Both these participles may be translated by 
:he English present participle, but the Latin words mark the 
.ime more accurately, as the past participle denotes an act prior 
.0 that of the verb with which it is connected, L. 121, N. 3, 
■onspiedta, " having seen," or " after she had seen," L. 122, 1 and 
5 ; while the present participle denotes an act coexistent with 
hat of the verb in the clause — discedens, " departing," or " while 
teparting," or " as she was departing." L. 122, 1, 2 and 5. m Nee 
■ and— not." * Repertas, " if found." L. 122, 2 and 6. This 
participle supplies the place of a conditional clause, which would 
aave been in the subjunctive, according to L. 131, 1. ° L. 131, 
(a), p L. 95, 3. 



276 NOTES. 

PAGE 

38. « L. 128, II., 1, and N. 2. b L. 121, 6, (6.) « L. 109. d L. 129, 

1. « L. 91, 5. / L. 110. s L. 111. a For that in this way, or 
by this means, they, &c. % The verb of saying on which an in- 
finitive with the accusative depends, is often implied in some 
preceding verb. Here it is implied in placuit. $ " The inquiry 
was made," its subject is the following clause. L. 81, 7, 8, 11 
and 12. k L. 123, 3 ; and L. 97, 3. i L. 22. I., and R. 2. » L. 
88, 2. » L. 95, 5. ° L. 133, 1 and 2. jp L. 116, 5. * L. 131, 1, 
and N. «■ L. 92, 1. * L. 115. « What is the object of ignordre ? 
L. 96, R. 2. *L. 95, N. 4. 

39. » L. 97, 2. 6 L. 110. What is the subject of licet? L. 81, 8. 
o L. 99, R. 2. d L. 133, 3. • L. 116, 4. / Sc. esse, e L. Ill, N. 

2. ^ L. 115. i L. 97, 5. J L. 109, R. 1. * L. 106, 1. i L. 133, 
1 ; and L. 134, 2. ™ L. 133, 1 and 2. » For what does this pro- 
noun stand? L. 41, 1. ° L. 92, 1. ^The subject is g^d capwtf, 
^•c, for which the pronoun it is prefixed to the verb in English. 

40. « L. 117, 1. b The ablative of place without in. L. 108, R. 2. 
'L. 91, 6. <zL. 21. ^L. 111. / L. 129, 1 and 2. * L. 96, N. 5. 
ftL. 133, 1; and L. 134, N. 1: see note (a), p. 41, jL. 132, 
2. * L. 120, and N. 1 ; and L. 121, 7. i L. 117, N. 1 ; and L. 
121, 9. m L. 99, R. 1. n " As to happen is usual or common," 
i. e., " as often happens," L. 81, 8. ° L. 95, N. 4. * See L. 120, 
N. 2. p L. 133, 1 and 2. ? What is the antecedent of quod ? L. 
94, N. 2. 

41. * L.96, 3, and N. 6. « L. 117, 4. f In English the order of 
the subject- and predicate-nominatives in questions and ex- 
clamations is reversed. &L. 129, 1. The question is denoted 
by qudm. L. 125, 1. c The reflexive is used because it stands 
for asinus, the subject of the leading clause. L. 127, IV. d L. 
133, 1 and 2. "L. 128, II. 1. /L. Ill, N. I. s L. 115. h A 
relative clause, containing a reason for something preceding, 
takes a subjunctive, which is translated by the indicative or a 
gerundive, " who was unwilling," " because I was unwilling," 
or, "in being unwilling." i L. 117, 1. iL 95, 5. *What is 
the antecedent of quo? i L. 101, R. 3. ** L. 104, R. 2. Prima 
node, L. 91, 8. 

43. « Sese, the same as se, L. 127, IV. b L. 133, 1 and 2. * " That 
she," L. 95, 3, and N. ]. *L. 96, 1. • L. 109. /L. 119, 3. 
s L. 96, 3, and N. 6. fc &£, " her," i. e., the .tortoise. « L. 133, 1 
and 2. Arreptam, translate according to L. 122, 8. i L. 45, R. 
2. * L. 117, 1. i L. 111. Se enim, L. 127, IV. Perdat, L. 133, 



NOTES. 277 

PAGB 

1, and N. 1. » L. 127, N. 1. Explere, L. 127, I. ° L. 131, 1, 
and (a.) * L. 91, 5. s L. 47, 10. r L. 120. * L. 108, 2, and R. 

« L. 98. & L. 103, 1 and 2. « j££— et, " both— and. 5 ' <*L. 99, 43. 

2, « L. 121, 9. / L. 117, 4. * L. 133, 1 and 2. * L. 120. i L. 
129, 1 and 2. ;*L. 107, 2. I L. 81, 6, pamztet, &c, have no sub- 
ject expressed, and in general none can be supplied. m Supply 
aliquem orhominem after acquiro. n L. 91, 4. p L. 103, 1. ? The 
historical present, L. 47, N. 4, and L. 135, N. What is the 
accusative of the thing after interrogate L. 96, N. 6. IT What is 
to be supplied with proram ? r L*. 132, 2. * L. 49, R. 2. « L. 29, 
N. 2. * MwZfo major, " much larger," L. 119, 3. « L. 119, 1. 

* L. 88, 2, and R. 2. & L. 133, 1. * L. 81, 6, 8 and 9.— Vera 44, 
memoras, literally, " you say true things," i.e., " what you say is 
true," or more concisely, " that is true." « L. 109. — Audita voce, 
" when I hear," L. 120, N. 2 and 3. d L. I. Gen. pi. 2. « L. 117, 
1. /A predicate adjective, L. 92, 2. * L. 24, 7. & Q^'d ? " what !" 
An accusative depending upon an active verb or preposition 
understood, * Esse and fuisse in compound infinitives are often 
understood. ; L. 129, 1 and 2. * Si moriendum sit, supply mihi; 
L. 112, 2 and Rem. (a) and (c), "if 1 must die : " as moriendum 
sit is impersonal, see also L. 81, 7 and 10, and N. i L. 119, 3. 
*» Prceclarius agrees with the clause, meo cruore aspergi, &c, 
which also is the subject of the impersonal verb erit, L. 91, 7, 
and L. 81, 8 and 9. n Depending on prceclarius, L. 109. ° L. 95, 

3, and N. 1. p L. 94, 2, and N. s L. 111. * l. 95, N. 4. • L. 
131, * L. 49, R. 2. Adoritur, L. 47, N. 4. 

& L. 24, 7. ' L. 131, 1 and (a), d L. 109. « See N. (*), p. 32. 45. 
Arreptum devordvit, L. 122, 8. / L. 121, 6, (Z>.) ff L. 109. Ovis, 
supply d, L. 88, II., R. 3. h L. 120. i " For itself," the reflexive 
referring to Zafor; L. 45, R. 2. iL. 133, 1, and L. 134, 1 and 3. 
k Is as the antecedent of qui, is usually placed after it. i Is sciat, 
" let him know," L. 126, 2, and L. 57, 2. ™ L. 95, N. 4 ; see N. 
(i) on p. 44. "L. 109. ° L. 134, N. 2; $w, "who," or, "what 
one." p L. 117, N. 1. ? When the noun depending on a preposi- 
tion is limited by a genitive or an adjective, the preposition com- 
monly stands first. * ■ L. 134, 1 and 3. * L. 131. N. 

a The historical perfect, L. 47, N. 3. & Daturus esset, " proposed 46, 
to give," L. 128, II., 1; and L. 121, 4, (b.) <L. 118, 2. Quce 
quum, " when they," L. 94, 5. d The perfect infinitive, connected 
with a verb in a past tense, has the meaning of a pluperfect; 
"had taken a wife," i. e., u was married," L. 95, 1. e h. 119, 1 



278 NOTES. 

PAGE 

/ L. 115.— Nonne, L. 53, 4 ; and L. 125, 2 and 4, and N. 2. e L 
81, 3 and 4. k L. 129, 1 and 2. * L. 47, 11. iL. 21. * Insteac 
of refugiebant, L. 90, N. 1, (£). » L. 121, 4, (b). * L. 117, N. 1 
Pmnituit, L. 107, 2. ° L. 117, 1. 

4rT« ffi "To him," L. 109. b lis — ante oculos, literally, "for then 
before the eyes," i. e., like ante eorum oculos, " before their eyes,' 
L. 109, Rem. 2. c Poneret denotes the purpose for which he re 
lated the fable, L. 133, 1 and 2. d The indirect quotation or oratii 
obliqua depending on dixit, begins at lupos, L. 127, 3 and I. — St 
esse impugnaturos, " that they, the wolves," L. 127, IV. The 
agreement of the wolves constitutes a second oratioobllquawith.il 
the first, depending on pactos esse, a verb of saying, L. 95, N . 
4. — Dederentur, L. 131, 1. — Placuisse. The second oratio obliqua 
ends with dederentur, and placuisse together with dilaniasse, like 
pactos esse, depends on dixit, f L. 117, 4. s L. 88, 2. h L. 120.— 
Oves pascens, Li. 122, 2, 3 and 5. — I/npos depends on the verb of 
ssiymg Jlngens, L. 127, 3 and I. — Aggressos esse, "had attacked,' 
L. 127, N. Z.—Fingens, L. 122, 1. i L. 121, 9. J See N. (™) or 
p. 46. k L. 117, N. 2. i L. 110. ™ L. B, ex. * I^ere depends 
on exisiimantes, L. 95, IN". 4. ° L. 122, 1, preces, L. B, ex. i' L 
103, 1. r L. 117, 1. • L. 94, 3 and 5. « L. Ill, N. 2. 

4:8. a Gh'atulor is sometimes construed with the dative of the person 
and the accusative of the thing in respect to which the congratu- 
lation is given, " to congratulate one upon," or, " on account of 
something." b L. 128, II., 1. ^L 126, 2 and 3. d The English 
order is, eos pullos quos. — Dominus, sc. mens, L. 91, 6. — Raptos. 
"having seized," see L. 120, N. 3. « L. 121, 6, (a). /L. 123, 6. 
e L. 90, 3; and L. 86, %—Illam, " it." h L. 95, N. 4.— Poneret. 
L. 132, Rem. 1. — Correptum, translate according to L. 120, N. 3. 
*L. 123, 3. — Astutior, sc. asino. iL 111. &L. 129, 1 and 2. 
* L. 129, 3. i L. 95, N. 5. m Nequeo is conjugated like eo, L 
80. » L. 115, 3. 

49. "L. 123, 3, and L. 104.— Adspicit, &c, L. 47, N. 4. 6 Sato, 
"in the sea," L. 108, R. 2. c Qwi voluerim, literally, " who wish- 
ed;" the relative clause denotes the reason of the declaration. 
nee jure plector, and the passage may be translated, " I am rightl} 
punished for wishing, or, because I wished, though I was born 
in the sea," &c. — Solo — solo : here is the play upon words, called 
paronomasia. — Sims, " his own." d Unusquisque has a double 
declension, see L. 45, N. 2. e Quern prceterlre sine periclo is the 
subject of licet, L. 81, 8. / L. 127, 3, I., III. and IV. e Eum, 



NOTES. 279 

PAGE 

" him," i. e., the bull, h Supply esse; " would fly off." L. 95, N. 
3. i Supply dixit or respondet, L. 127, N. 1. — Considentem, " when 
you lighted," L. 122, 5. f Supply unam sc. peram, a the one filled," 
&c. — Propriis, " own," i. e., in connection with the preceding 
nobis, " our own." — Vitiis, L. 117, 2. — Ztere, " to give," post ter- 
gum dare, " to place behind the back." — Alienis, sc. vitiis, " with 
the faults of others. "-—Hoc re, " on this account, for this reason."— 
Alii simul, the order is, simul alii. 



MYTHOLOGY. 

* L. 89, L, and R. — Give the rules for forming the nominative 50. 

singular of Agenoris, draconem, Mortis, fontis, custodem. prolem 
and uxore ; see L. 22 and L. 23. b L. 1 17, N. 2. * " All who had 
come," L. 134, 1 ; or " all such as had come," L. 134, 2, and N. 
1. <zL. 132, 2 and Rem. « L. 89, 2. / L. 101, and Rem. 3. 
h L. 118, 2. i L. 98. Annorum novem, lit. " of nine years," i. e., 
11 nine years old," L. 101, andR. 1. The rule for forming the nom. 
sing, of Apolllnis. J L. 47, N. 2. ft L. 91 ; 2, and N. 2. 

« L. 108, 1. b L. 97, 2 and 3. « L. 117, N. 1 ; and L. C, os. 5 1. 
<*L. 117, 1. *L. 117, N. 2. /L. 119, N. 3. e L. 92, and (5). *A 
Greek accusative, L. G, II., 1. i L. 127, 3 and IV. i L. 133, 1. 
ft L. 110, 1. i L. 114. ™ L. 127, II. » L. 90, 3. The English idiom 
requires the singular number. ° L. 99, R. 4. 

"L. 111. 6L. 96, 3, and N. 6. o L. 133, 1 and 2. <z*L.52. 
120, and N. 3. f Literally " which having been seen," L. 120, 
N. 1 ; i. e., " at sight of which," L. 120, N. 2. / L. 117, N. 2, 
quum, L. 132, R. 2,pariunt, " lay," an active verb used absolutely, 
i. e., without its case. ^L. 27, Exc. Alcyoneos, L. 96, N. 5. 
h L. 9, Exc. 4. i L. 134, 1. i Qua, i. e., e&, #w<2, " those things 
which." As antecedent is is often omitted, L. 94, 7. — Communi- 
cdbat, " used to tell," or '• was wont to tell," L. 47, N. 2. ft Dicitur, 
sc. ille. i " Attempts to take," L. 121, 4. m Ei super caput, u over 
his head,"" L. 109, Rem. 2. 

«L.lll. iL.110,1. cL.133,2. dL. 127,N. 1. C L. 109.53. 
/ L. 127, II. e See N. («), p. 32. a The object of dare, i L. 127, 
I., III. and IV. J Dare, " lo give," or, " that he would give," be- 
cause the verb of saying is in the perfect indefinite. See on the 

24 



280 NOTES. 

PAGE 

connection of tenses, L. 135, remembering that the infinitive in 
Latin often corresponds with the indicative, or potential in Eng- 
lish, L. 95, N. 3. * L. 120, N. 3. i L. 108, 2. *» L. Ill, N. 2. 
° Agamemnone duce, literally, « Agamemnon being the com- 
mander," i. e., " under the command of Agamemnon;" L. 120, 
Rem. 1. — Quum sciret; L. 132, R. 2. — Periturum esse, " would 
perish," the leading verb sciret, being in the imperfect, see L. 135, 
and N. (?) above, p L. 117, 1. ? " That he was concealed," L. 127, 
N. 2. r L. 103, 1. s Possessive adjectives often supply the place 
of the genitive of the corresponding noun ; as, regius for regis. 
54:. «L. 95, N. 4 — Quae dum, " while they," L. 94, b—Audtto, L. 
120, N. 3. b L. 95. 3. c The predicate accusative after esse, L. 
92, R. 2. — Intellectual est; its subject is the preceding infinitive 
clause, for which it is supplied in English, d The adjective sep- 
arated from its noun by a genitive limiting the same noun. e L. 
108, 1. /See N. (°), p. 32. s L. 109.— Sacram; an adjective 
usually follows its noun when any thing depends upon it. k The 
comparative to be translated by the positive with too, L. 119, N. 
3. * Sc. illi. 3 L. 127, 3 and I. — Non posse, " could not ;" the im- 
perfect depending on the perfect indefinite, L. 135. * L. 95, N. 
5. i L. 108, 2; so Argos above. ™L. 111. n Supply earn before 
sacerdotem, L. 96, 2. — Trojd eversd, "after the destruction of Troy," 
L. 120, N. 2. «L. 108, Rem. p L. 133, 1 and 2, and N. 1. Pro- 
metheus, a trisyllable, s L. 91, 9. T L. 129, 1. 

55, a L. 111. b L. 133, 1 and 2. Quantum — tantum. Tantum is a 
demonstrative adjective to which the relative adjective quantus 
relates. The same is to be remarked of talis and qualis. As in 
the case of is and qui, the relative word is usually placed first. 
c The imperfect denoting repeated, that is, eager action, " earnestly 
requested." <*L. 127, I. e L. 133, 1 and 2. / L. 129, 1. * L. 
133, 1 and 2. — Quo facto, quod quum, and qui quum, see L. 94, 5. 

* Mlttere, " putting," L. 95, N. 6. * L. 109. J L. 121, N. 3. * Sc. 
esse, i L. 127, II. 

56. "L. 109, R. 6. &L. 101. 'L. 133, 1 and 2. d L. 117, N. 2. 
*L. Ill, N. 2 and 1. /L. 117, 1. s L. 42, N. 2. a L. 108,2.— 
Conditione addita, L. 120, N. 3. f L- 120. i L. 128, II. * Cadmus 
nomine, " Cadmus by name," &. e., " named Cadmus," L. 117, 5. 

* L. 108, 2. i L. 133, 3. *» L. 47, 7. » L. 122, 2. 

5T. « L. 94, 5. & L. 117, 1. * Why in the subjunctive, and by what 
mood to be translated? Quicquid or quid 'quid. This pronoun, 
like the English whoever and whatever, seems often to include both 



NOTES. 281 

PAGE 

antecedent and relative. * L. 128, II. 1. d L. 133, 1 and 2.— Ga- 
vlsus est, L. 79, N. « L. 116, 5. / L. 95, 3, and N. 4.—Ipsi, L. 
109. e L. 119, 1. * L. 90, Rem. 2. * The present petit is used for 
the perfect indefinite, L. 47, N. 4; and hence is followed by the 
imperfect, L. 135, 2, N. ^L.95,3. * Sc. m, " it." *L. 101, Rem. 
3. * " Was wont" or " used," L. 47, N. 2. *■ L. 117, N. 1. o L. 
95, N. 4. 

« The preposition usually precedes the adjective, but particular 5 8. 
phrases are excepted, ft L. 81, 13 ; what is the subject represented 
by it before prczdictum fuit ? * L. 95, 4. d L. 128, II., 1. e L. 117, 
1. / L. 135, 2. s L. Ill— dormienti, L. 122, 2. ft L. 132, 2 and 
Rem.-Cinm, L. G, II., 2. * L. 96, 2. ; L. 131, (d). Raptum sc. 
piseem, " having seized it," L. 120, N. 3. k L. 119, N. 3. Venan- 
tes, L. 122, 2. i What is to be supplied % ^ L. 117, 4. 

* A dissyllable, ft The genitive plural of other participles in 59. 
rus is seldom used, but venturorum is found in Ovid, Met. 15, 
835. * Repeated past action, L. 47, N. 2. ^L. 111. <z Pro- 
nounced Har-py'yas e Ab ore ei, i. e., ab ore ejus, "from his 
mouth," L. 109, R. 2, and L. Ill, N. 2. / L. 96, 3. e L. 135, % 
h L. 127, III. and IV. i L. 127, I. /L. 117, 4. Habuisse, L. 127, 
N. 2. Strophadas, L. I, Ace. Plur. 2. 



ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 

* L. 96, Rem. 1, and L. 124, 3. In the active voice it would 60. 
be (Altquis) Thalen (Greek ace.) interrogdvit, an facta etc., and 
the accusative of the person is changed to the nominative in the 
passive, L. 124, 2. a Latet takes an accusative of the person from 
whom any thing is concealed, ft L. 129, 1 and 2. c Ne cogitdta 
qvAdem, u not even their thoughts." d From nemznem to the end 
the words are in the oratio obllqua. See L. 127. e §-i~L. 127, II. — 
Pythagorce, L. 8, 5. / L. 134, 3.—Autem, see N. (°), p. 32. s L. 
133, 1 and 2. ft " That he had said (so)." Hence our phrase, " a 
mere ipse dixit" i L. 103, N. 2. — Prienen, L. 8, 5. — Expugnd- 
tum et eversam, L. 122, 3 and 6. fr L. 133, 1 and 2, and 

a L. 120, N. 3. ft Vacuus is construed with the #ew., or she &£Z. 61. 
with or without ab. In construction, with vaccuum srippty horn- 
mem; in translating, nothing is to be supplied; 'than, free 



282 NOTES. 

PAGE 

from every care, to devote," &c. * Dare is connected by qudm to 
esse, d Scientice augendce depends on causa, L. 100, " for the pur- 
pose of enlarging (his) knowledge," L. 123, 4. « L. 131, 1. / L. 
42, N. 2. t L. 81, 8. ^L. 111. *L. 135, 2. i The imperfect 
denoting customary action, L. 47, N. 2. iL. 133, N. 1. ft iVz'AiZ 
in the accusative without a preposition, used for non, " nothing 
changed," or, " in no respect changed," L. 97, 5. J L. 119, N. 3. 

62. "L. 133, 4. sL. 110, 1. <L. 133, 1 and 2. dL. 123, 3; and 
L. 100. • L. 117, 1.— Videbatur, L. 128, IL, 2. / L. 79, N. e See 
N. (o), p. 32 »&. 129, 1 and 2. < L. 128, IL, 1. iL. 108, 2, 
and Rem. ft L. 108, 1, and Rem. i L. 111. ™ L. 88, 2. »oL 
107, 2 and Rem. — Reprcesentabat, see N. (*), p. 61. ?L. 117, 
N. 1. 

63. « L. 109. 5L 117, 5. ■ See N. (*), p. 34. d L. 129, 1 and 2. 
«L. 134, 4. /L. 116, 3, and N. * L. 103, 1. h Infinitives and 
oblique cases of nouns generally stand before the words on which 
they depend, i L. 128, II. , 1. 3 What is the verb of saying on 
which this subject accusative depends'* ftL. 98. *L. 91, 9. 
» L. 118, l.—Venalem, L. 96, N. 5. » L. 92, 1. 

64. «L. 111. 5L. 44, N. *L. 132, 2 and Rem. <*L. 103, 1. 
« Present participles with ^mo, homines, or the like understood, 
sometimes supply the place of a noun ending in tor i and denoting 
the agent, " the (persons) sacrificing," i. e., " the sacrificers." 
/ A Greek accusative, L. 24, 2 ; and L. G, II., 3. s L. 116, 5.— 
Thebas, L. J, 9. * L. 110, 1. i L. 133, 1 and 2. J L. 132, 2 and 
Rem. ftL. 117, 5. i L. 81, 12. 

65. "L. 131, 1. &L. 103, 2. «L. 91. 5. <*L. 96, 3, and N. 6. 
• L. Ill, N. 2. / L. 133, 1. g L. 110, 1. h L. 108, 1. i L. 130, 
and 129, l.—Appellandus sis, L. 121, 6, (£). iL. 92, 1. ft "To 
one who inquired," L. 122, 3. i Te victorem renuntidri, L. 92, 
Rem. 2. 

66. • Sc. esse, L. 121, 6 (b). b L. 95, 5. « L. 111. <*L. 129, 1 and 
2. e L. 120. / L. 101, Rem. 3. k L. 99, 4. a Ne precedes and 
quidem follows the emphatic word. J " Of one about to plunder," 
L. 91, 4. ftL. 133, 1. 

6T. a L. 126, 2. b See note on quantum— tantum, p. 55. C L. 133, 
1. — Monentibus eum qnibusdam, " when certain persons cautioned 
him." L. 122, 5. <*L. 133, 1 and 2. e Alienatus is usually fol- 
lowed by the abl. with a preposition, but here takes a dative. 
/ L. 128, IL, 1. g See N. (aJ, p. 44. h L. 131, 1 and (a).—Py- 
thiam vocatum, " having called Pythias," L. 120, N. 3. — Acceptd 



NOTES. 283 

PAGE 

difficultdie, " when he had learned the embarrassment," &c. L. 
12*2, 5 and 6. i L. 117, 2. > L. 119, 1. i L. 95, N. 5. « L. 95, 
N. 4. "A predicate adjective, L. 92. 2. ° L. 117, 1. * L. 105, 
3. ? L. 109.— Verbis, L. 117, 1. s " For which," L. 97, h.—Con- 
tigit, what is its subject 1 * Fore is used impersonally, its subject 
being the remaining words in the period, L. 81, 8 and 9. — Dig- 
itus, L. 92, 2. «L. 116, 2. 

Piter, « while a boy," L. 89, R. "L. 115. *L. 116, 4. ■ L.68. 
109. <*L. 134, 3. e L. 110, 1. / Asia debelldta, " after his con- 
quest of Asia," L. 120, N. 2. *L. 97, 1. * L. 117, 2. *L. 88, 
2. — Qw0 audito, "when Alexander heard this," L. 120, N. 2, or 
N. 3. iL 133, 1 and 2. fcL. 126, 1. i L. 104. ™L. 126, 2. 
« L. 106, Rem. 4. ° L. 106, Rem. 2. * L. 108, R. 1. 

a L. 117, 2. — Ji> e/ws nomine, " after his name." — Propositis, L.69. 
120, N. 3. b L. 134, 3.— Ttafow. L. 2, Exc— Sewac " when old." 
C L. 117,4. ^L. 108, 1. e L. 96, 3. — Factum est, impersonal: 
what is its subject 1 Pompeio, pronounced, Pom-pe'yo. f L. 133, 
1 and 2. ^L. 103, 1. h L. 116, 2.— Arcessltos, L. 120, N. 3, or 
L. 122, 8. i L. 134, 3. iL. 103, N. 2.—Defecisset, L. 131, 1 and 
(a). iL 119, 3. * L. 121, 4, (6). 

° L. 117, 3. & L. 89, 3. c Per medios ignes, " through the midst TO. 
of the fires," L. 91, 8.— Cum periculo, u at the risk." d L. 128, IL, 
1. 'lulll. /L.95,4. ff" That it afforded him," &c. L. 114, and 
N. 1 : esse being used impersonally, its subject is the clause quod 
patria, &c, L. 81, 8. k " His," L. 127, IV. < " Than he," L. 
119, 1.— What is the object of didicerat? L. 96, Rem. 2. ; L. 
103, 1. fc L. 117, 2. — Inspectanle populo, " in view of the people," 
L. 120, N. 2. i L. 132, 1. m L. 121, 6, (A). 

a L. 111. 6 Instandum esse is used impersonally ; supply nobis, ? 1. 
&c, " that we ought to pursue," L. 112, 2, andRems. (a) and (c), 
and L. 121, 6, (7>). c Ced# takes the ablative of a place with de, 
ex, or without a preposition, L. 108, R. 2. <*L. 131, 1 and (#). — 
Corintho capta, u by the capture of Corinth," L. 120, N. 2. e L. 
117, 2. /L. 103, N. %—Eo defuncto, " after his death," L. 120, 
N. 2. — A r <9?i essrf ^?^, " there was no property from which." e L. 
134,4. fL. 128, 2. *L. 95, N. 4. iL. 99, Rem. 4. JL.81,N. 
2. — Acceptis — recuperato, L. 120, N. 3. — Ad suos. L. 91, N. 4. * L. 
109.— Jussas, " ordered five cohorts," &c, m*s#, " and sent them," 
L. 122, 8. * L. 123 b.—Receptum iri, " should be taken back," L. 
95, N. 3 : the future inf. passive, consists of the former supine 
and iri, the present inf. pass, of eo, to go, L. 74, N. 2. 
24* 



284 NOTES. 

PAGE 

7 2. a L. 89, (k). b L. 105, 4 — Ccesos, " after they had been beaten," 
L. 122, 5 and 6 : or, " to be beaten," L. 122, 8. ^L G, I., 3, and 
L. H, 3. *L. 101. /What is the subject of accldit? L. 81, 8 
and 9. * L. 108, R. 2. aL 117, 2. * The accusative is the 
usual construction, according to L. 96, Rem. 4: the ablative 
here appears to depend on the preposition in understood, h L. 
117, 2. 

T3. "L 96, Rem. 3. b L. 38, 8.—Carpetanorum, L. 103, It «L 
109.. a L. 133, 1 and 2. • L. 128, JL / L. 97, 4. 



ROMAN HISTORY. 

74. «L. 91, 9. 6 L. 96, 3.— Sub hoc rege, "in his reign."— Hinc, 
i. e., ex Troja. ^L 117, N. 2. <*L. 110. — Ei benigne, recepto, 
" received him kindly (and)." L. 122, 8. « L. 96, 2. 

T 5. a Lit. " until Rome founded," i. e., " until the founding of Rome." 
L. 121, 5, (b). b L. 108, 1. o L. 119, 1. d " Used to say." L. 47, 
N. 2. « Sc. est. f L. 89, 3. s L. 103, 1. a Minor natu, lit., « less 
or inferior in respect of birth," i. e., " born later, younger," L. 
117, 5. iL. 129, 1 and 2. JL,. 128, l.—Rheam Silviam— Vesta- 
lem virginem, L. 96, 2. fc L. 110, 1. — Geminos filios, Romulum et 
Remum, L. 89, 3. i L. 91, 5, and L. 94, N. 2. » L. 121, 6, («). 

76. * L. 129, 1 and 2. * L. 97, 4. ^l. 109. * In construction w- 
nissent follows rapuerunt, L. 135, 2. e / L. 133, 1 and 2, * The 
reflexive referring, as usual, to the leading subject, h L. 128, 
II., 1. i L. 97, 2 and 3, et ea, " these also." ;L. 91, 8, rapte, see 
§9. 

77. a See Diet, under c^ra. &L. 121,9. c Ortam, "which had 
arisen," L. 122, 3. * L. 1 1 1 . — Quo elapso, * ' after this had passed," 
or, " at the expiration of this," L. 94, 5 ; and L. 120, N. 2. « L. 
108, 1. / Quidem- following the emphatic word, s Repeated 
past action, h L. 96, N. 4. i L. 117, N. 2. ;L. 117, 5. * L. 109. 

78. «L 111, N. 2. 6 L. 104. c L. 111. d Gentium limits senatores 
understood. e A ot ab denotes the doer, (L. 99, N.) _per signifies 
" by means of," " at the instigation of," L. 97, N. / L. 116, 3. 
g-L. 110, 1. 

7 9. <* L. 97, 4. & L. 132.— &ed bene, &c, The adversative sed (L. 
82, (3.) ) is opposed to the fraudulent manner of obtaining the 



NOTES. 285 

PAGE 

crown implied in the preceding sic. — Cum his, " including those." 
c L. 111. <z L. 108, 2, and Rem. — Prima salutdvit, " first saluted," 
i. e., " was the first to salute," L. 91, 9. e " As king," L. 96, 2. 
/ L. 103, 1. e u Herself." kin, "for." * L. 110, l.—Ei " against 
him." 

a L. 108, 1. b Regnatum est, " the kingdom continued," or, " the80« 
regal government lasted," L. 81, 12. c L. 131, 1. & u After the 
banishment of the kings," i. e., of Tarquin and his sons, L. 120, 
N. 2. e L. Ill, N. 2. / L. 133, 1 and 2.— Qui quum, " and when 
he," L. 94, 5. ff L. 132, 1. h L. 101, and Rem. 2. 

°L. 117, 1. — Terreret, "was trying to terrify." Tne imperfect 8 1 . 
tense not unfrequently denotes an attempt to perform an action, 
L.47.N.2. "Supply swam, L. 91, 6. ^L. 111. « L. 132, 1. /L. 
49, Rem. 2. * "After the banishment of the kings," L. 121, 5, 
(by h L. 108, 1. « L. 128, II., 1.— jEam, " them," referring to 
plebem, a collective noun, L. 5, 4. L. 133, 1 and 2. — Us refers to 
plebem, but instead of agreeing with it, like the preceding earn, 
is put in the plural referring to the individuals which the noun 
denotes. See L. 91, 3.— Alia, L. 91, 5. iL. 133, 1. * L. 121, 9, 
and L. 92, 1 and (by i L. 89, 1. n L. 99, Rem. 4.— Ad quintum 
milliarium urbis, lit., " to the fifth milestone from the city." 

a Quo facto, lit., " this having been done," L. 94, 5; or, " having 82. 
done this," L. 120, N. 3 : it may also be translated, " because he 
had done this," L. 122, 5 and 6 ; i. e., " for doing this," or finally, 
: < for this." * L. 88, 2. b « Under the command of Fabius," L. 
1.20, Rem., and N. 2. * L. 116, 4. <zL. 122, 3. « Hie, "the cele- 
brated Ql. Fabius Maximus, who," &c, L. 42, N. 2. / See alter 
in Diet.— ^ wfc conditd, see N. (*), p. 81. ^L. 133, 1 and 2. 
aL. Ill, N. 2. — Manibus post tergum vinctis, "after tying his 
hands," &c, L. 120, N. 2 and 3. 

« L. 108, 2. 6 L. 122, 6, (a). * L. 133, 1 and 2,—Urbem, sc. Mwrn. 83. 
<*L. 114. *L. 128, II., 1. /Supply est from below. ^L. 49, 
Rem. 2. ^ /ft eo, see zs in Diet, i Presidium which is used as a 
collective noun takes in its own clause a verb in the singular, 
but in the following clauses the verbs are in the plural, L. 90, 4. 
iL. 38,3. *L. 108, R. 2. i L. 101. « L. 117,4. »L. 117,2. 

a L. 117, 5. b Depending on sedit, L. 109, but to be translated 84:. 
as if it were ejus, L. 109, R. 2. « L. 117, 1. * This verb with its 
clause is the subject of factum est. e L. 109. / L. 110. e L. 117, 
N. 1. » L. 105, 4. i L. 95, 3. * Supply esse; for the translation 
see L. 121, 6, (by i L. 129, 1 and 2. » L. 121, 6, (*). 



286 NOTES. 

PAGE 

85. cl L. ill.— Fecissent, L. 128, II., 1 and N. 2. b L. 96, 3. c L. 

128, I. d L. 38, 8. e A conditional sentence, in which the con- 
dition is implied in ego cum tallbus viris, " if I had such men ;" 
and the conclusion, " I could with them/' &c, is fully expressed, 
L. 131, 1, and (a). / L. 123,4. 

86. «L. 131, 1. JL. 117, 1. *L. 127, I. <*See alter in Diet. 
e Supply esse. 

8T, «L. 120, R. and N. 2. &L. H, 1. 'L. 103, l.—Perditis, 
"having lost," or " after losing," L. 120, N. 3; L. 122, 6; i. e., 
" with the loss." d L. 96, 3, and N. 6. « L. 110. / L. 118. *L. 
127, II. aL. 133, 1 and 2. i L. 127, N. 1. iL 106, 1 and 
R. 1. 

88. a L. 103. b L. 99, R. 4. c As a verb, pardta fuisse has, for its 
logical subject, millia with its connected words ; as a noun, the 
same verb with its clause is the subject of the impersonal tradi- 
tum est, L. 95, 2, 3 and 4. d L. 118, 2. • L. 81, 10, 11 and 12. 

89. a Per, " by means of." & L. 98. c The infinitive and oblique 
cases usually stand before the words on which they depend, d L. 
133, 1 and 2. e Mando in the active voice takes the ace. and the 
dat. ; hence in the passive it retains the dative, L. 124, 4 ; man- 
daretur is used impersonally, and in English the subject is the 
dative Hannibali, L. 81, N. 2. — Fratre — relicto, " leaving his 
brother," L. 120, N. 3. s L. Ill, N. l.—Commisso—accepto, L. 
120, N. 3. — Superat, the historical present, used instead of the 
historical perfect. So vinciiur, above. 

90. * See N. (*), p. 88. & L. 104. " L. 92. d The antecedent of 
quod is the clause servi manumissi, &c, " which thing was never 
done before," L. 94, N. 2. • L. 110. / L. 96, R. 2.— A senatu, 
L. 81, 12.— Potuissent, L. 128, I. h L. 133, I and 2. i L. 133, 
and 7. 

91. « L. 103, l.—Becepta, L. 120, N. 3. b L. A, 11. ' L. A, Exc. 
2. <* " When a boy." So juvmiis below, L. 89, R. £ Partitive 
adjectives commonly agree in gender with the individuals, of 
which the genitive plural depending on them consists, and in 
respect to their case, they are to be parsed like nouns : hence 
multos is in the masculine gender, agreeing in this respect with 
juvenum, and in the accusative after deterruit. h L. 95, 5, and 
N. 5. — Aurum sc. suum. i " Their." 

9 2. a Used like plusquam. b L. 118, R. 2. ^ What is to be sup- 
plied ? d L. 117, 1. « L. 133, 1 and 2. 
93. * " As a hostage," L. 89, R. & L. 89, 1. d Sc. est. • L. 103, 1. 



NOTES. 287 

PAGE 

/ Cum is often used with the ablative of manner, when accom- 
panied by an adjective. 

« L. 101. b L. 108, R. 2. " Alter for secundus. d " From the 94. 
building of the city," L. 121, 5, (*). / " Though defended," L. 
122, 2. 

•L.89,1; &L. 91, N. 4. fL. 81, 3. 95. 

Cow., L. 120, R. and N. 2. a L. 128, II., 1. 6 L. 110, 1. * L. 96. 
108,1. iL. 133, 4. «L. 92, 1. 

« L. 81, 10, 11 and 12. & L. 112, N. 2. * See cwm in Diet. 9T. 
<* L. 117, N. 2. e Jd #W0d, t( the thing which :" id stands for the 
idea contained in the clause jus civitdtis, &c. / L. 133, 1 and 
±—Relicta, L. 120, N. 3. 

« L. 103, N. 2.—Eversa, L. 120, N. 3. b L. 117, 2. * L. 121, 98. 
5, (A). «L. 120, N. 2. /L.96,2. ^L.120,N.3. Ma. 108,2. 

a L. 111. — Ipse, sc. Lucullus. — Eum, sc. Mithriddtem. — C071- 99. 
sumptum can be translated passively, as agreeing with Mithri- 
ddtem, the object of the verb, or actively with LaicuIIus, its sub- 
ject. &L. 102, 2. a. 118, 2. d« Under the command of," 
L. 120, R. and N. 2. • L. 108, 1. / L. 119, 2. * L. 100, R. 2. 

« L, 109, R. 1. 6 L. 134, 1 and 3. 'L. 108, R. 2. dL. 101. 100. 
« L. 98. / " He, the former," L. 42, 1 and 2. ^L. 46, R. 2. 
a " To him," i. e. t to Pompey. J L. 105, 4. & L. 117, 2. i L. 
128, II., 1. 

b L. 99, R. 4. * L. 117, 1, and L. 123, 3. d L. 118, 2. lOX. 

Quern, sc. consuldtum. a The imperfect, denoting that which 102. 
was proposed, or on the point of being done, L. 47, N. 2. b " It 
was opposed," L. 81, 9. <zL. 101. « L. 81, 10, 11 and 12. 

Insolentius, L. 119, N. 3. «L. 81, 10, 11 and 12—Interfecto 103, 
Cczsare, L. 122, 6. 6 L. 110, 1. «L 109, R, 1. <*L. 121, 4. 
* L. 101. 

« L. 91, N. 3, and L. 122, 8. & ipse, in such sentences, may 104» 
agree either with the subject or the case depending on the verb, 
according as either is intended to be emphatic. 



288 NOTES. 



ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY. 

PAGE 

105. a L. 89, 3. b « As boundaries," L. 96, N. 4. «A Greek ac- 
cusative. 

106. <*L. 132, 2. &L.H,2. ^L. 117, 3 and 5. ^L 111. /"You 
would believe," or, " one would think." s L. 104. % L. 116, 5. 

lOT. Qui, quce se, &c, i. e., ea, quce. a L. 109, R. 5. 6 Quanto — 
tanto, L. 119, 3. e L. 109, R. 4. aL. 91, 4. « Supply the pre- 
position a. /L. 111. ^L. 109, and L. 123, 3 and 4. fc L. 
H, 1. iL. 98. Jh. 97, 4. 

108, « L. 117, 1, and L. 123, 3. b L. 100, and L. 123, 3. * L. 109, 
R. 5. d Morari is the subject of esse understood, L. 95, 4 ; and 
periculosum agrees with morari, L. 91, 7. e L. 109. /L. 110, 
1. *L. 103, N. 2. fcL 98. 

109. Probabile est. The two preceding infinitive clauses are the 
subject of this predicate, L. 95, 4, and L. 91, 7. ° " The 
reign of Claudius," L. 120, N. 2. &L. 117, 5. a. 119, 1. 
<*L. 116, 5. e L. 117,2. /L. 119, 3. ff In such expressions 
the comparative is to be translated by the positive degree, 
" than it is wide," i. e., " its length far exceeds its breadth." 
i L. 109. *•" And there is clearly no other," &c. 

HO. a L. 134, 4. 6 " Of that kind." Genus with id, hoc, quod, &c, 
is put in the accusative without a preposition. « L. 111. <z L. 
90, N. 3. *L. 117, 3. /L. 132,2. 

111, a L. 117, 5. — What is the logical subject of verisimlle est? 
b L. Ill, N. 2. c L. 109.— Jactum fiierit, L. 127, II. 

112, a L. 129, 1 and 2. — What is the logical subject of apparet ? 
b L. 108, R. 2. d L. 110, 1. « L. 90, N. 3. / L. 103, 2. ff L. 
117, 5. h L. 104. * L. 42, 1. iL. Ill, N. 2. 

113, a Significasse depends on fama est, which is equivalent to a 
verb of saying, L. 95, 1. b Like the old English expression, 
" at what time," for, " at the time when," or, " in which." 
o L. 108, 1. d L. 134, 3. e L. 117, 5. / " By means of which." 
e See note (&), page 104. 

111:. "What is the subject? L. 32, 1. 'L 109.— Videretur, L. 

134,3. dh. 90, N. 3. «L. 81, 10, 11 and 12. / L. 117,5. 

g L. 129, 1 and 2. a L. 108, 2. 
115. Cohceret, sc. m, i.e., Peloponnesus. a L. 91, 8. 6 L. 11, 2 

and 3. * " Which they call ;" both the subject of appellant and 



NOTES. 289 

PAGE 

its object are to be supplied. Opibvs — copiis, L. 117, 5. c " As 
colonists." L. 96, N. 4. Ebore, L. 22, R. 4 and (W). i^c^, 
sc. <«*, L. 90, N. 3. dh. 123, 4 and 5. * L. 81, 10, 11 and 12. 
Res gestas suas numerat, " their memorable occurrences," which 
they reckoned by Olympiads, or periods of four years, the time 
which intervened between the celebration of the Olympic 
games. /L. 90, 3 and R. 2. ^L. 117, 5. Pluresque ; the 
English idiom requires that que should here be translated "or." 
a The comparative and superlative of prope, viz., propius and 
proxime, are followed by either the accusative or the dative. 
i " They say." 

"L. 103, 1. &L. 111. cL. 95, 4, and L. 81, 8. <zL. 134, 4. 1 16. 
Aristotelem, L. 127, I. « L. 127, II. / L. 126, 2. 

Vino, L. 117, 5. Nominibus — moribus ; why in the ablative 1 1 IT. 
a L. 109, R. 5. Contendo, with the ace. zd, signifies, "to strive 
eagerly for this." Mercede data, L. 121, 5, (£). " Cwra — to&, 
see ctm in Diet. Rerum — copia ; the genitive separated by a 
relative clause from the noun which it limits. <zL. 117, 5. 
Herns, L. C, o. Post T^rojam dirutam, L. 121, 5, (5). .2T07&e, 
sc, nomen habet. 

«L. 91, 8. 6L 117, 2. cL. 134, 4. <*L. 119, 3. « Qms 118. 
after tlie particles, si, we, ww, w£z, nisi, num, quo, quanto and 
quum, signifies " some one," or, a any one." / L. 116, 5. s L. 
119, 1. h L. 91, N. 4. Maxima fluminum, L. 103, 1 ; the ad- 
jective on which a partitive genitive depends, commonly, as 
here, agrees in gender with the following genitive, rather than 
with the noun or nouns which it limits, unless it follows the 
latter. * " We have spoken," L. 81, 11 and 12. 

«L. 123, 9. JL 24, 2. * See N. (*), p. 115. «L. 117, 3. 119. 
d L. 1 18, 2. Sine, " free from, exempt from." e f L. 107, 2 and 
N. Beatissimum, L. 96, 2, and N. 5. Locis,*L. 117,4. Eous, 
sc. Oceanus. Asia nomine, &c. In English the relative clause 
often separates the principal subject from its predicate, e L. 
97, N. Stadia, L. 98. 

* L. 109. b L. 101. c Homines is often to be supplied with 120. 
verbs of saying, &c, and to be translated "people, men," &c, 
or simply, "they." ^L. 131, (d). Asia propria dicta, i. e., 
of Asia Minor. e " Clearly, unquestionably." / A noun is 
often annexed to a relative for the purpose of explaining its 
antecedent, s L. 111. &L. 101, R. 1. Namero, L. 117, 5. 
Altitudine. L. 101 ; a genitive {sexaginta pedum) supplies the 



290 NOTES. 

PAGE 

place of the adjective in limiting altitudine : see Andrews and 
Stoddard's Lat. Gr. § 211, R. 6, (1). 

121. «L. 90, N. 3. 6L. 109. ^L. 104. rfL. 116, 4. Issici, sc. 
sinus, " the Issic gulf." « L. 101. / Sc. se, L. 96, N. 3. e L. 
133, 1. M. 81, 10 and 11. * Those who are entering, L. 
91,4. 

122. «L. 91, 4, and 122, 3. &L. 90, N. 3. « L. 45, R. 2. Cwm 
ferra conjuncta, "joined to the mainland." d L. 81, 10 and 11. 
*L. 133, 1, and L. 134, 1 and N. 1. /L. 116, 5. Primus e 
Romdnis, L. 103, N. 2. Bactridnce, sc. cameli. In this pas- 
sage from the 8th book of Pliny, camelus is feminine, but in 
the best authors it is always masculine. Tubera, L. B, er. 
*L. 117,3. *L. G, I., 2. 

123. Bibant, L. 132, 1. ^L. 98: so above, quatriduo. c "Ahun- 
dredeach," L. 38, 4. *L. 117, 2. rfL. 119, 3. • L. 97, 4. 
/ This genitive limits arnbitu. s See note on altitudine, p. 120. 
*L. 89, 1. iL. 103, 1. ;L. 95, 4. * L. 119, 1. i L. 91, 7. 

124. «L. 99, R. 4. & L. 117, 2. c L. 91, 3. <*L. 90, 4. Nefas, 
sc. esse, the predicate of the two preceding infinitive clauses 
taken as subjects. e L. 116, 5. Arenis, L. 111. /L. 119, N.3. 
Natu, L. 117, 5. 

125. Ti-ansituri, L. 122, 2, and L. 121, 4, (a). «L. 103, N. 2. 
JL. 103, 1. <L. 81, 4. Cmra, L. F, Exc. in Decl. us. d L. 
113 : so above, dentibus. • " They cover." / Navigdre is 
sometimes used actively, in the sense of sailing over, when it 
is followed by ocednum, cequor, &c. ; the expression here used 
by Pliny, insulas navigdre, appears to be peculiar, and to sig- 
nify, to sail or carry on navigation among the islands, e Id 
stands for the idea in the preceding clause and hence is neuter, 
L. 91, 7. 

1 26. Centena. Why is the distributive number used? Omnium, 
L. 103, 1. Sibi similes, " like each other." * L. 111. b L. 95, 
4. Uniones, L. D, io. Arabas, L. I, ace. plur. 2, «L 104 f 
and R. 3. d L. I, gen. plur. 6. « " This thing, this fact," i. e., 
its fertility, L. 91, 7. 

12T. Usu, L. 117, 3. « L. 110, 4. b L. 101. 'The place of the 
adjective with the limiting noun is supplied by a genitive, see 
note on altitudine, p. 120. <zL. 118, 2. Memphin, L. G, I., 1. 

128. Pedum quindecim millium. This is wholly erroneous. The 
slant height of the largest pyramid is variously estimated, from 
600 to 800 feet. * Centum duos, supply et. Pedum centum, etc., 



NOTES. 291 

PAGE 

L. 101, R. 1. b L. 117, 2, see N. (*), p. 129. ^L. 90, N. 3. 
dh. 123, 5. * L. 81, 10 and 11. «L. 123, 2. Pergami. Parch- 
ment was sometimes called charta Pergamena, because invented 
at Pergamus ; in this sentence, Pergami does not depend on 
membrdnas. but is the genitive of place, L. 108, 1. 

« L. 95, 4 and 1. Mersum, L. 122, 4, or 8. * Supply thus: 129. 
[Api?n] alterum [tkalamum] intrasse latum est; in altero [ilk] 
dira portendit, " To have entered the one is, &c, [by being] in 
the other he," &c. Canunt, L. 90, 4. b L. 103, 1. ^L 117, 
2; with the names of materials a/ is used rather than with. 

Alia ejusmodi signa maris — effiisi. Two genitives depend on 130* 
signo,: — maris effusi, "of the sea having extended." a L. 90, 
R. 2. b L. 81, 8. Convenissent, L. 128, I. « L. 127, II. 

Potus est lac — cibvs ca.ro ; which are the subject-nominatives 1 1 3 1 • 
in specubus, L. 26, 4. b L. 113. c i/?se in such sentences is put 
in the nominative or in the accusative, according as the sub- 
ject or the object is emphatic. See N. (&), p. 104. d The pre- 
terite tenses of nosco are used like the same tenses of odi and 
memmi, L. 81, 4. e L. 111. 

» Vicenum for vicenorum, see L. 11, R. 4. 132. 



EXERCISES. 



The following are given merely as examples of exercises 
in orthography and etymology, and can be varied by the 
teacher at his pleasure. Their object is to secure a perfect 
knowledge of all those parts of the grammar which relate to 
the forms of words and their division into syllables. These 
exercises can be easily imitated by the student who com- 
mences with the larger grammar. 

I. 1. Write down the nominative singular of all nouns 
and adjectives of the first declension, found on the eleventh 
page of the Reader. 

(a) If any of these nouns are excepted in gender or declension, 

25 



292 NOTES. 

write opposite to them a reference to the passage in the First Latin 
Book, if such can be found, where the exception is mentioned : thus, 
Europa, culpa, terra, 

peninsula, tua, rotunda, 

poeta, m. L. 5, 1. mora, amicitia, 

inertia. nulla, L. 32, 1 and 2, vera, 

insania, via, sempiterna. 

sylva, parva, 

(b) Mark the quantity of the penult in each word, making use for 
this purpose of the general rules of quantity in Lesson 3, and of the 
dictionary, when no rule can be found. 

(c) Mark the accented syllable in each word according to Lesson 
2, 4 and 5. 

(d) Divide each word into syllables* according to Lesson 2, 1 ; and 
Lesson A ; putting a point between the syllables, and repeating from 
memory the rule for the division of each syllable. Thus e. g. say, 
" Europa has three syllables, because " (here repeat Less. 2, 1) " It 
is thus divided, Eu-ro'-pa ; for p must be joined to the last vowel, 
because " (here repeat Less. A, 1.) ; and r must be joined to the pe- 
nult, because," (repeat Less. A, 3.) 

2. Prepare a similar exercise on each of the following 
pages to page 30. 

II. 1. Write down the nominative singular of all nouns 
and adjectives of the second declension found on page 11, 
marking the gender of each, and referring for exceptions in 
gender or declension to the First Latin Book, thus : 

vitium, n. annus, m. 

electus, m. L. 91, 1. dirum, n. L. 91, 1. 

Gtuintius, m. L. 9, Exc. 3. bellum, n. 
Fabius, m. L. 9, Exc. 3. 

2. Finish this exercise like the preceding one according 
to (£), (c) and (d). 

3. Prepare a similar exercise on each of the following 
pages to page 30. 

III. Write down the nominative singular of all nouns 
and adjectives of the third declension found on page 11. 

(#) Mark the gender of each noun and the rule or exception on 
which its gender or genitive depends, thus : 



NOTES. 293 

os, n. L. B, os : L. C, os. irreparabile, n. L. 91, 1 : L. 35. 

lapis, m. L. D, is : L. E, is. tempus, n. L. 18, 2, and 4. 

homo, c. L. 5, N. 3 : L. C, o. glacialis,/. L. 91, 1 : L. 35. 

ebrietas,/. L. 15, 1 : L. 16, 1. hiems,/. L. 15, 1 : L. 17, 1 andN. 

dux, c. L. 5, N. 3: L. 17, 2. brevis,/. See glacialis. 
fugax, m. L. 91,1: L. 28, 2 : L. 37, 2. voluptas,/. See ebrietas. 

vetus,/. L. 91,1. L. 37, 1 & 2: abl. sing, e, L. 37, Exc. 

(b) Write the root of each of the preceding words, and from the 
root form the nominative singular by Lessons 22 and 23, giving the 
same rules for the adjectives as for the nouns, thus : 

Lapid, by L. 22, I., (which repeat) becomes lapids, by Remark 1, 
(which repeat) it becomes lapis. 
F'ugac, by L. 22, I., becomes fugacs. i. e., by Remark 2, fugax. 

(c) Mark the quantity and the accented syllable of each of these 
nouns and adjectives, and divide them into syllables according to the 
modes pointed out in the first exercise (b), (c) and (d). 

2. Prepare a similar exercise on each of the following 
pages to p. 30. 

IV. Write the nouns of the 4th and 5th declensions, 
found on the 11th, 12th and 13th pages, and prepare them 
in all respects as directed in the first and second exercises. 

2. Do the same with each three of the succeeding pages 
to page 30. 

V. 1. "Write the first person singular, in the indicative 
mood present tense, of each verb on the 11th page, separat- 
ing the four conjugations and also the irregular verbs; 
thus, 

1. saluto, 2. 3. eligo, 4. venio. irr. sum, L. 62. 

sto, fugio, L. 74, N. 1 . fio. L. 79. 

paro. cresco, 

labor, dep. L.75. 

2. Repeat from memory the principal parts of each, as set 
down in the Dictionary. 

&. Eepeat all the roots of each verb ; thus, salut, salutav, 
salutat: — st, stet, stat, fyc. 

4. Do the same with each of the following pages to 
page 30. 



294 NOTES. 

VI. 1. Write in separate columns, according to their 
kind, all the particles found on pages 12, 13 and 14. 

Conjunctions. Adverbs. Prepositions. 

et, L. 82, (1). semper, dm, a, L. 99. 

-que, L.82, (1)&(4). non, quotannis, inter, L. 97,1. 

atque, L. 82, (1). interdum, minime,L.82,3&4. 

neque, L. 82, (1). citius, L. 82 ; 3 &4. bene, 

serius, L.82,3&4. longe, 

nunquam, quam, 

diligentissime, L. 82, 3 and 4. 

Do the same with each three pages following, to page 30. 



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